After the reformation and opening, China moves from planned economy towards market economy. Active development of merchandise market and affection of loose household register system promotes the enormous population flow between town and country. However, the research found out that there are deep problems existed in population movement that need to be solved. These problems included the shifting of labor force from farming industry, the employments, managements and services of floating population in urban areas, as well as the reforms and innovations on the duality household registration system in the urban and rural areas. Particularly, it would be a good proposal to solve the ¡§Tri-Agricultural Problem¡¨ and city development at this particular period. This research probed into the increasing factors and development features of the floating population and emphasized mainly on the analysis of positive and negative influences to economic and society development. How to properly plan the population movement towards the modernized development aim of China is what this research about to discuss. The research is to discuss theories related to population flow. However, push and pull theory is commonly used in the world. In accordance with the idea of ¡§Equal emphasis on agriculture and industry, equal development of town and country¡¨ of developed economy M. Todaro Model, lifting agricultural productivity, improving rural life conditions, and shortening difference between town and country will ultimately make duality disappear and is practicable to the economic development with Chinese characteristics.

The distinctive household registration (hukou or huji) system of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) divides the population into two groups whose political rights and legal status are unequal. This thesis focuses on Shanghai to examine the establishment of the hukou system in the 1950s in the course of the rural and urban reforms led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Although the system has been explained as a result of the CCP’s industrialization strategy, my investigation has led me to conclude that the hukou system was an indirect rather than direct consequence of industrialization. My examination also shows that “rural” and “urban” in the PRC are essentially neither residential nor occupational categories; rather they are closely connected with political privileges. The first part of this study focuses on the consequences of the CCP’s land reform and collectivization campaigns after 1949. During this period, a large number of people who had moved freely between urban and rural areas, playing active roles in both, were uprooted from the countryside. At the same time, the CCP carried out a series of expulsions from Shanghai and other cities. Hundreds of thousands of urban residents, particularly those lacking secure employment, were removed after being labeled as “undesirable.” Thus CCP policies turned the cities and the countryside into two separate worlds. Next the dissertation outlines how the PRC state evolved after 1949, focusing on those directly maintained on the government’s payroll in Shanghai. This group was small in the beginning but soon began to expand. During the 1950s, after taking over almost all public-service institutions, the state took steps to absorb private enterprises through the policy of “public-private joint operation.” A large cohort of workers was thus added to the state payroll. Following these changes, the cities had become home mainly to employees of the party-state, together with their dependents. The state provided various benefits to its insiders. At the same time, it reduced most of the rural population to a kind of serfdom, while putting in place a set of mechanisms to secure the boundary between insiders and outsiders. / Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2012-06-27 09:01:49.88

In Taiwan area, it has become a rule that the national identity cards of all population are changed every 10 years. The fifth comprehensive change of national identity cards was implemented from Dec. 21, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2006. The government institutions of different cities and counties (municipal) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior positively conducted national propaganda of the important news through the strong promotion of the change of identity cards by various means of mass media. First of all, the study investigates promotion strategies and procedures of the change of national identity cards in Taiwan, and then studies the promotion situation of the services for people, and further investigates how to strengthen the use of marketing ideas to achieve the goal of offering services for people. In view of this, the study reviews the related literature about the development procedures of the household registration system of Taiwan. Through the understanding of the situation and problems of the current use of new national identity cards, as well as the necessity of the change of national identity cards, the study focuses on marketing strategies to adopt SWOT analysis of trend and use questionnaire survey to make proof analysis and review. The study examines the effects and improvement measures of the government for execution of public domains, and provides the following research conclusions and suggestions for the Ministry of Interior and other government institutions as a reference for innovative promotion of public policies: 1. It is not easy to promote relationship marketing of the first line household registration institutions. 2. Important project work relatively needs the increase of reasonable and proper budget for promotion. 3. Strengthen the innovative development culture of household registration organization, and cultivate the overall marketing team. 4. A sound evaluation mechanism should be established for the marketing of public policies 5. Although the promotion of comprehensive change of national identity cards used different marketing channels, measures should still be strengthened on how to integrate different communication tools effectively. 6. Strengthen the public¡¦s rights of their awareness of the use of identity cards. The government has the responsibility and obligation to teach the public use of identity cards. The conclusions made by the study are that national identity card system is not a system that has to be existed in all countries. Each country can determine the necessary of offering identity cards to the citizens according to the country¡¦s idea of system. Under the national identity card system constructed in Taiwan, the nature of national identity card is to ¡§prove¡¨ that a citizen possesses the archive of his/her nationality. It also refers that national identity card is a document that cites the nationality relationship between a citizen of his/her country. Under this system, all the citizens of Taiwan are obliged to collect their national identity cards, and have the rights to ask for offering them. Therefore, the people of Taiwan should be cautious about the importance, safekeeping and use of national identity cards. The government should more positively bear the responsibility of strengthening the concept of ruling by laws because the maintenance of social stability depends on the people¡¦s practices and compliance with laws. Keywords: national identity card, household registration system, SWOT analysis of trend, relationship marketing, development culture, public policy marketing, national identity card system, concept of ruling by laws

This thesis covers the topic of hukou system in the People's Republic of China also known as household registration system. The thesis explains how was the hukou system created. In the following part socioeconomic impacts of hukou are analysed. Furthermore the reform process of the hukou system is explained including cases of Chongqing and Shenzhen.