Urban communities are undergoing a period of rapid change prompting concerns about community fragmentation. By building social cohesion and revitalizing civic participation, community development is viewed by many as a remedy to offset the weakening of community ties. This thesis explores how a community agency- based worker might help a fragmented community (re)build itself. By employing a single case study methodology, this thesis applies community development theories and related concepts to examine how a multicultural neighbourhood in east Vancouver mobilized community action. The case study found that a community capacity building framework, when supplemented with other community development tools, is an effective model for strengthening community leadership and building social connections. The study draws attention to the different kinds of social and cultural capital required to develop neighbourhood solidarity and bridge cultural differences in creating an inclusive community building process. The community worker was based in a unique form of community agency called a neighbourhood house. By providing resources needed for encouraging leadership and developing social connectedness the neighbourhood house was found to be a key asset for building community capacity. However, the study revealed that a neighbourhood house's participation in community building is constrained by the multiple community roles and relationships that it must maintain to ensure operational funding and a stance of political neutrality in its everyday dealings. The case study concludes with a set of recommendations for basing community development functions in a neighbourhood house.

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Streets-in-the sky is a form of multi-storey working class housing which is important in today's society for two reasons. Firstly, because street-deck housing became especially popular during the post-war rebuilding of British cities following the inter-war introduction of the idea and the successful development of the Park Hill scheme in Sheffield in the 1950s. In the 1960s, especially in the second half of the decade, the design professions, several leading local authorities, and central government undertook the development of street-deck housing throughout the United Kingdom. It proved to be especially popular, outside London, in the economically declining or static regions of England; relatively little being built in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Hence streets-in-the-sky tended to be developed in those English regions where the basic export industries of coal, iron and steel, shipbuilding and textiles were subject to the most comprehensive state-controlled restructuring. The large scale public investment and labour resistance to change associated with industrial restructuring were therefore often partnered by a form of high density housing more acceptable to the financially overburdened local authority and the 'anti-flats' culture of the English than the economically and socially unpopular tower block. Following the building programme there was a decline in the fortunes of modern architecture, the labour movement and the United Kingdom economy. With that decline came a pronounced reduction in the quantity and quality of this type of urban housing. In the 1970s, the poor construction, difficult access, anti-social use of the 'street' and the stigma attached to living on the estates usually led to the schemes becoming especially difficult-to-let. Thus, in a quarter of a century, this particular housing form had changed from being a central element in the modern architectural urban utopia to its opposite - a microcosm of the problems facing British cities in their decline. Secondly street-deck housing is important because its history brings to light the contradictions between different ideas and different political and economic interests, and reveals how these contradictions can be temporarily overcome by the development of a particular form of urban housing. These patterns of conflict and consensus are not fully comprehended by existing "counter-revolutionary" and "revolutionary" theories of urban form and change. In the former case we have tried to show how the assumptions of so called 'postmodernism' are incorrect. And in the latter, how a far broader interpretation of the totality (base and superstructure) is necessary as a basis to knowledge and action.

This study concerns a particular building type; the doocot. Consequently the work has an architectural bias. In stark contrast to large-scale, 'high culture', urban buildings erected for human occupation, the mere doocot has been mostly omitted from inclusion in architectural studies, Scotland especially having the ignominious claim to a dearth of published material on doocots. As a consequence, our ability to comprehend, interpret, evaluate and, where required, conserve doocots is inadequate. This study shows that the doocot has had a long history and, for the first time, it is placed in an overall, international, national, regional and local context. Many historic doocots are redundant and, due to their difficulty to convert or revitalise, some will be lost. The study, therefore, addresses the urgency for action and takes the opportunity to critically review key issues, establish a model for recording, and also test and analyse existing theories whilst the buildings still remain. In the course of the study, a unique methodology is applied. Firstly, an holistic approach (involving matters relating, not only to architecture, but also to history and ornithology) is taken at every step. Secondly, an extensive catalogue raisonne (a detailed building inventory covering a defined geographical area) is utilised as test-bed material for widely recognised theories. Aside from producing transferable models for the researching, or recording, of doocots, the study is able to substantiate and/or refute a variety of theories and also rationalise the issues into a coherent pattern of evolutionary development

Urban communities are undergoing a period of rapid change prompting concerns about community fragmentation. By building social cohesion and revitalizing civic participation, community development is viewed by many as a remedy to offset the weakening of community ties. This thesis explores how a community agency- based worker might help a fragmented community (re)build itself. By employing a single case study methodology, this thesis applies community development theories and related concepts to examine how a multicultural neighbourhood in east Vancouver mobilized community action. The case study found that a community capacity building framework, when supplemented with other community development tools, is an effective model for strengthening community leadership and building social connections. The study draws attention to the different kinds of social and cultural capital required to develop neighbourhood solidarity and bridge cultural differences in creating an inclusive community building process. The community worker was based in a unique form of community agency called a neighbourhood house. By providing resources needed for encouraging leadership and developing social connectedness the neighbourhood house was found to be a key asset for building community capacity. However, the study revealed that a neighbourhood house's participation in community building is constrained by the multiple community roles and relationships that it must maintain to ensure operational funding and a stance of political neutrality in its everyday dealings. The case study concludes with a set of recommendations for basing community development functions in a neighbourhood house.

This study of four domestic abattoirs in South Australia with Quality Assurance programmes in place, established the size of bacterial populations that could be expected on pig carcasses on entry to abbattoir dressing floors at pre-evisceration, the extent of contamination occuring during carcass dressing, and the effect of chilling on these populations. Analysis was conducted for salmonellae, Escherichia coli, Total Viable Count, and pseudomonads. Exterior swabbing was compared to swabbing of corresponding interior sites which are sterile initially. The interior swabbing sites were found to be a more reliable measure of contamination during the dressing process than the swabbing of already contaminated exterior sites. During the identification of some of the points of carcass contamination, the effectiveness of end-of-work foam cleaning programmes used at abattoir dressing floors and their relationship to the potential for airboure contamination of carcassed was examined and found to be positive. / Operators' work tools and hands were identified as sources of interior carcass contamination combined with failure of operators to adhere to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) during carcass dressing, especially those related to hand and forearm washing at appropriate times. Foot-operated full-immersion hot water units for operators' knives and steels were designed and installed at two abattoirs to give operators access to physically and biologically clean work tools throughout carcass dressing. Use of this innovation represents a world first in reducing bacterial contamination of carcasses during dressing. Knives and steels remained immersed in the 82 C hot water when not in use, eliminating the need for waist held tools, and left operators' hands free for washing according to SOPs. A detailed study of the social structure of dressing floors was made to determine how best to bring about the attitudinal changes necessary to have operators use the full-immersion hot water units correctly and at the same time to adhere diligently to the use of SOPs, especially those related to hand and forearm washing after dirty cuts, when changing from exterior to interior trimming, and between carcasses. The relatively high populations of E. coli detected on carcasses swabbed in the study was of concern due to the reported detection of enterohaemorrhagic serotypes at Australian farms and abattoirs. / This knowledge led to investigation of the ability of Australia's most common of these serotypes, O111, to attach to food processing grade stainless steel. The pathogen was found to attach readily to stainless steel test sufaces. Subsequent formation of biofilms on abattoir equipment, including operators' work tools, could result in continuing contamination of meat being processed and increased bacterial resistance to heat and chemical treatments used in cleaning. This finding must be of concern to abattoir management and public health authorities, and suggests that the hygiene at abattoirs needs immediate upgrading including providing operators access to clean work tools during processing and ensuring that SOPs are followed diligently at all times. Establishment of an independent monitoring authority to achieve these outcoms using microbiological verification appears to be an obvious solution. / Thesis ([PhDBiomedicalScience])--University of South Australia, 2004.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Université du Québec à Montréal, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-114).

Thesis (B. Ec.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [19-20]).

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf [29]). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 73). Also available via the Internet.