Theory of human democracy The purpose of thesis is to analyse the question of human democracy and to find conclusion if this concept is eligible for society here and now. Author uses analytical, synthetical and historical methods in order to catch the goal of the paper. This research is dealed into universal part and specific part as a logical process. First author finds the problems and after that offer solutions. In concrete how to make from partial democracy, i. e. formal democracy, after accentuation her deficiencies process of changes to full, material democracy. The thesis is composed of seven chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of topic. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The chapter two is subdivided into two parts, where author describes genesis and short historical introduction of democracy and humanity. In Chapter Three the most important ideas of human democracy are mentioned, for example idea of humanity, freedom, equality and fraternity. Result of this part is of course fact, that democracy is expression of sovereignty of people. Last chapter in universal part consists of four subchapters, where analyse of relation between democracy and liberalism is. After that special part follows, which is divided into three chapters. First author...

This work aims to use Masaryk's thoughts to analyse, summarise and interpret his philosophy of history. The introduction is followed by a chapter on the peculiarities of Masaryk's expressions. The third chapter looks at the perspective of eternity. This is Masaryk's yardstick for assessing history and its meaning. The term 'humanity' is also explained here. He bases his view on history and historiography on it, as right from the perspective of eternity. The chapter's conclusion analyses Josef Pekář's incorrect view on it and its opposite liberalism as understood by Masaryk. As demonstrated, Josef Kaizl and Kamil Krofta made a similar mistake, which had a practical impact in the escalation of the so-called conflict over the meaning of Czech history, or even directly in its origins. Masaryk's liberalism is subsequently given a separate chapter. This contains, amongst other things, practical examples of expressions of the opposite of humanity in history. The fifth chapter explains why it was humanity which Masaryk took as the basis of his philosophy of history. The sixth chapter explains how an ageing professor who had preached humanity his whole life could have led a war and even strived to ensure that a peace would not be concluded which would go against his political objectives. His relativisation of humanity wasn't sudden however, and didn't go against his pre-war values system, nor against his method of looking at history. As demonstrated, it was already in existence when Ceská otázka was written, which initiated the mentioned conflict.

This thesis aims to characterize the way philosopher and politician Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk viewed philosophy and religion. Since an individual's thinking in these aspects is formed gradually in line with one's life experiences and events, it is necessary to discuss some parts of his life for a deeper understanding of the issue at hand. These not only had influence on the formation of the above-mentioned views, but the very approach that Masaryk adopted in these situations and causes has a considerable value itself. For example the Hilsner trials or the issue of the authenticity of the Manuscripts - in both cases Masaryk had a clear opinion he would stick to, despite sharp criticism he had to face. Some philosophers, thinkers and clergymen also had a major influence on Masaryk. From a religious point of view, he most likely took on the thoughts of Jesus and Hus. On the philosophical level, it is difficult to choose the most influential one, but this position would most likely be occupied by Plato, whom Masaryk as a philosopher highly respected. On the other hand, Masaryk himself fundamentally influenced some of his followers, for example Jan Patočka, whose struggle with Masaryk's philosophy is also discussed. Although Masaryk's concept of religion and philosophy is a very complex subject, we can...

Keywords: democracy, humanity, violence, absolutism, discussion, decision Thomas G. Masaryk was a supporter of humanism and humanist democracy. Carl Schmitt criticized such conceptions. In this thesis I would like to show that their different attitudes are an effect of different foundational concepts in their political thought. Masaryk believed that political philosophy wasn't nothing else than zoology, if it hadn't morality in her foundations. Schmitt saw the starting point of every true political theory in violent characteristic of human being. For Masaryk the democracy is in the end a moral ideal, the humanity, by which human beings abandon all the violence and they resolve all their potential conflicts by the discussion. I will show in this thesis, that moral equality of human beings cannot be proper foundation of democracy and that Masaryk demands too much to make possible to realize his democratic vision. The democracy in Schmitt's view is an authoritative violent regime where the individuality should be totally suppressed and a political relevance of the morality too.

This thesis occupies itself with the background of the idea of czechoslovakian state through the outlook of national revival and perspective of T. G. Masaryk. The goal is to inquire how the individual components change in time between 19th and beginning of 20th century. For that purpose methods of analysis and comparison of primary texts of authors who occupied themselves with the topic are used. Contribution of this work is in looking at the problem through the lenses of contemporary documents. Main finding is that some of the arguments on which the idea of czechoslovakian state lays are not very solid.

The aim of the Masters thesis is to connect Masaryk's theoretical thinking about democracy with his political practice. The first part of this thesis explains the concept of democracy and changes of the approaches to democracy in European thought. The second part clarifies the Masaryk's thoughts on democracy, politics, morality, humanity and realism which develops in the context of Czech nation and it's history. The third and final part of this thesis depicts the Masaryk practical politics and his participation in public life. In particular it describes the public disputes in which Masaryk figured, his parliamentary activities, a working and a program of czechoslovak resistence abroad and his life as the President of the Czechoslovak Republic. The analytical and comparative methods are used in this thesis. Keywords democracy, policy, morality, humanity, realism, czech question

Tato disertační práce strukturuje náboženské a teologické myšlení Emanuela Rádla v kontextu jeho filosofických a politických textů. Profesor Emanuel Rádl, osobnost zejména v době první republiky zcela mimořádná, většinou kontroverzní, byl známý svou mimořádnou aktivitou společenskou, publikační i politickou. Cílem této disertační práce je Emanuela Rádla představit jako originálního náboženského myslitele, poukázat na religiózní strukturu jeho filosofického myšlení a tu srovnat z filosofii náboženství jeho učitele T. G. Masaryka.

The aim of my diploma work is to study the subject of integration of foreigners into the Czech society. For that purpose I intend to use research questionnaires and to compare my results with results of other researches conducted by NGOs. Secondary aim is to map legal status of foreigners in the Czech Republic, historical reasons for migration and its development, and the composition of migrating population in Europe. Furthermore, I will focus on access to health and social insurance and to the health care system as well as on education and work opportunities which foreigners have in the Czech Republic.

The work deals with the life and work of Přemysl Pitter, major Czech Christian humanist, representativ of the social learning, education and journalism in the 20th - 70s of the twentieth century. Introductory chapters are devoted to his childhood and youth, especially his personal reflection of the suffering experienced at the frontline on the 1st World War, which influenced his future life guidance and practical activities. Other parts of the document is characterized Pitter{\crq}s destiny and social work for others - the poor, downtrodden, necessary - in the context of the radical social and political changes in the last century. Here is a somewhat more comprehensive text on the history of the fight to save children from a concentration camps and detention camps, after World War II, ie between 1945 - 1947. The last section describes the life and operation of Přemysl Pitter after retirement emigration in 1951, when the World Council of Churches delegated the duty of pastoral and social services for refugees in the camp Valka in Nuremberg in Germany until its repeal in 1962. The final chapter describes the staying and creative activity Pitter{\crq}s exile in Switzerland in the 60s and 70s. The work includes a brief summary of the contents of archival material and archives of Přemysl Pitter and Olga Fierzová in PMJAK in Prague.