A current is observed to flow most of the time through Little Current Channel, between North Channel of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. The current varies considerably in its speed, and frequently reverses its direction. Inconvenience is experienced by ships wishing to pass through the narrow and shallow channel at Little Current, as they must await an opportunity to do so at slack water or on an opposing current. A field survey was carried out during the summer of 1959 in the vicinity of Little Current, Ontario, to determine the causes of this current and to ascertain whether or not predictions for the state of the current might be made sufficiently in advance to be of assistance to shipping in the area. The field survey is described herein, and the analysis of the data is discussed in detail. The current in Little Current Channel is shown to be essentially a hydraulic flow, driven by differences in water level at the two ends of the channel. The differences in water level are attributed to the action of wind, atmospheric pressure, seiches, and lunar tides, in North Channel and Georgian Bay. The actions in North Channel are considered to be greater than those in Georgian Bay, and are most fully treated. It is concluded that the only contribution to the current at Little Current that could be predicted more than a day in advance is that due to the lunar tide, and that to predict this would be of little value, since on many occasions the other influences would distort and even conceal completely the tidal contribution. It is recommended, however, that a discussion of the causes of the current be incorporated into the Canadian Hydrographic Service's publication, Great Lakes Pilot, as a matter of local interest, and as an aid to mariners wishing to make their own short-term forecast of the current. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

The Huron Claim rare-element pegmatite is located in the Winnipeg River pegmatite district, southeastern Manitoba. The pegmatite outcrops within the Archean Bird River greenstone belt, in the western part of the English river subprovince of the Canadian Shield. The pegmatite is hosted within metagabbroic rocks of the Lamprey Falls formation, in which it forms a thin, sub-horizontal, tabular body crosscutting the foliation; it is approximately 100 m long and 45 m wide, and has a maximum thickness of 3.9 m. The pegmatite is relatively poorly zoned, with discontinuous units of aplite and graphic pegmatite (albite plus quartz) along its margins, units of medium to coarse-grained albite and blocky microcline-perthite in its interior, and a segmented quartz core. A poorly-defined and texturally variable albite "replacement" unit occurs in the central part of the pegmatite, and may partially replace the blocky microcline unit. Late, metasomatic veinlets of albite are present in the medium to coarse-grained albite unit, and a late, hydrothermal, calcium mineral assemblage occurs in some abundance throughout the pegmatite. The Huron Claim pegmatite is best classified as a fully-differentiated, partly albitized, gadolinite-type, blocky microcline-biotite pegmatite, containing significant amounts of Be, Nb>Ta, REE, U, Th, Zr>Hf and Rb. Rare-element minerals occuring within the pegmatite include beryl, columbite-tantalite, fersmite, microlite, niobian, rutile, euxenite (?), uraninite, monazite, zircon, thorite, niobian titanite, bavenite, bityite and bertrandite. The pegmatite is a member of the co-genetic Shatford Lake pegmatite group, but differs from the rest of the pegmatites in this group by its high U and Rb, low Sn and F, enrichment in LREE> (HREE+Y), extensive albite development, wide-spread metasomatic replacement of beryl and columbite-tantalite, and isolated location east of the Lac du Bonnet batholith. The pegmatite crystallized at intermediate crustal levels and is genetically linked to the Lac du Bonnet leucogranite. It probably formed by continued igneous differentiation at the quartz-feldspar minimum, coupled with separation of supercritical fluids from a volatile-oversaturated residual melt. Although it is a past producer of beryl, columbite-tantalite and feldspar, the Huron Claim pegmatite is of no commercial importance due to its small size.

The Huron Claim rare-element pegmatite is located in the Winnipeg River pegmatite district, southeastern Manitoba. The pegmatite outcrops within the Archean Bird River greenstone belt, in the western part of the English river subprovince of the Canadian Shield. The pegmatite is hosted within metagabbroic rocks of the Lamprey Falls formation, in which it forms a thin, sub-horizontal, tabular body crosscutting the foliation; it is approximately 100 m long and 45 m wide, and has a maximum thickness of 3.9 m. The pegmatite is relatively poorly zoned, with discontinuous units of aplite and graphic pegmatite (albite plus quartz) along its margins, units of medium to coarse-grained albite and blocky microcline-perthite in its interior, and a segmented quartz core. A poorly-defined and texturally variable albite "replacement" unit occurs in the central part of the pegmatite, and may partially replace the blocky microcline unit. Late, metasomatic veinlets of albite are present in the medium to coarse-grained albite unit, and a late, hydrothermal, calcium mineral assemblage occurs in some abundance throughout the pegmatite. The Huron Claim pegmatite is best classified as a fully-differentiated, partly albitized, gadolinite-type, blocky microcline-biotite pegmatite, containing significant amounts of Be, Nb>Ta, REE, U, Th, Zr>Hf and Rb. Rare-element minerals occuring within the pegmatite include beryl, columbite-tantalite, fersmite, microlite, niobian, rutile, euxenite (?), uraninite, monazite, zircon, thorite, niobian titanite, bavenite, bityite and bertrandite. The pegmatite is a member of the co-genetic Shatford Lake pegmatite group, but differs from the rest of the pegmatites in this group by its high U and Rb, low Sn and F, enrichment in LREE> (HREE+Y), extensive albite development, wide-spread metasomatic replacement of beryl and columbite-tantalite, and isolated location east of the Lac du Bonnet batholith. The pegmatite crystallized at intermediate crustal levels and is genetically linked to the Lac du Bonnet leucogranite. It probably formed by continued igneous differentiation at the quartz-feldspar minimum, coupled with separation of supercritical fluids from a volatile-oversaturated residual melt. Although it is a past producer of beryl, columbite-tantalite and feldspar, the Huron Claim pegmatite is of no commercial importance due to its small size.

<p> This study documents and theorizes the processes behind the coalescence of ancestral Huron-Wendat populations on the north shore of Lake Ontario. A multiscalar analytical approach is employed to examine settlement aggregation at the regional, local and community levels. The study draws upon cross-cultural models of coalescent societies and the archaeology of communities while being theoretically situated within an historical-processual approach. </p> <p> The settlement data presented demonstrate that during the fifteenth century AD, small, previously distinct communities came together into large village aggregates. Through an examination of settlement relocation sequences and the occupational histories of individual villages, the transformations in social and political organization that accompanied this process are examined. Differences between site sequences suggest that while it is possible to identify similar processes in coalescence, the actual experience of coming together varied at the local level due to particular historical contingencies. </p> <p> A major contribution of the study is a detailed analysis of one village relocation sequence involving the aggregation of several small village communities at the Draper site, during the late fifteenth century. In the early sixteenth century, this coalescent community relocated to establish the Mantle site, the largest Iroquoian village excavated to date in the Lower Great Lakes. A detailed analysis of the occupational history of the Mantle site is presented here. The results point to the increasing integration of the community over time. A comparison of the built environments and other features of the Draper and Mantle sites elucidate practices that directly address the lived experience of coalescence. These community-level processes are ultimately situated in, and form the basis for, the broader sociopolitical realignments that characterized the Late Precontact Lower Great Lakes. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p> The purpose of this thesis is the reconstruction of the geography of Huronia during the first half of the 17th century. Six broad, interrelated and basically geographical themes constitute the major portion of the thesis: the delimitation of the settled area; the physical characteristics of the area in as much as they relate to the Huron occupance; population estimates for the period; settlement patterns; the subsistence economy; and the interrelated facets of politics and trade. Where necessary sociological factors were introduced to give geographical patterns greater meaning. In attempting such a reconstruction and interpretation of a past landscape some emphasis is placed on the func­tional relationships that existed between the various cultural and natural phenomena in the landscape. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No Abstract Provided. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

This study presents a population history of the Huron-Petun, Iroquoian-speaking agriculturalists who occupied south-central Ontario from A.D. 900 to A.D. 1650. Temporal change in the number, size, and residential density of prehistoric and contact village sites of the Huron-Petun are used to delineate population change. It is revealed that Huron-Petun population grew dramatically during the fourteenth century, attaining a maximum size of approximately 30,000 in the middle of the fifteenth century. This growth appears to have been intrinsic (1.2% per annum) and is best explained by colonization of new lands and increased production and consumption of corn. Population stabilized during the fifteenth century primarily because of an increased burden of density-dependent diseases (tuberculosis) arising from life in large nucleated villages. Huron-Petun population remained at 30,000 until A.D. 1634; there is no archaeological evidence for protohistoric epidemics of European origin. The historic depopulation of the Huron-Petun country, resulting from catastrophic first encounters with European diseases between 1634 and 1640, is substantiated by archaeological data.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Thesis note on label mounted on t.p.; also on p. [7]. Descriptive letterpress on versos facing the plates. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 78-83.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Thesis note on label mounted on t.p.; also on p. [7]. Descriptive letterpress on versos facing the plates. Bibliography: p. 78-83.