This research is to synthesize polyaniline (PANI) thin film on the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) by using potentiostatic deposition of electrochemical method. The hybrid film composed of PEDOT:PSS and PANI was fabricated to replace the ITO layer for polymer solar cells as an anode. In the future, the hybrid film can develop the flexible polymer solar cells. In this study, we fixed the total thickness of the hybrid film, and we investigated optical transmittance, conductivity, Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO), surface roughness, and surface morphology of hybrid films by changing the ratio of PEDOT:PSS and PANI, and to discuss the factors on device efficiency. Then, we compared the device structures with anode made by PEDOT: PSS. We found the hybrid films fabricated with different ratio of PEDOT:PSS and PANI, and the HOMO results were similar. In addition, we found optical transmittance, conductivity, surface roughness, and surface morphology of hybrid films that varies with different ratio of PEDOT:PSS and PANI. The power conversion efficiencies of the device mainly were affected by the surface roughness and morphology of the hybrid film surface. Comparing to other parameters, the hybrid film fabricated by PEDOOT:PSS(280nm) and PANI(30nm) owns the most appropriate surface roughness and surface morphology. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) was up to 0.68%, and then via post-annealing of 90¢J 10 minutes the PCE was increase to 1.06% under AM 1.5G illumination based on PEDOT:PSS (280 nm) / PANI (30 nm) / P3HT: PCBM (100 nm) / Al (200 nm), and the device area of 0.16 cm2.

Galvanic anode technology has in recent years come to the fore as a cost-effective method of successfully mitigating the corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete structures. Developments in the field of cathodic protection have included the introduction of a novel Hybrid anode system, which uses the same sacrificial anode to pass a short-term impressed current before being connected to the steel directly to provide a long-term galvanic current. Galvanic and hybrid technologies are often seen as less powerful solutions in the treatment of reinforcement corrosion, and the test methodologies which determine the efficacy of cathodic protection systems favour impressed current technologies. The work completed has investigated the application of traditional and novel corrosion assessment techniques to laboratory samples to assess the protection offered by the hybrid treatment methodology in both treatment phases. In addition, the response of both galvanic and hybrid anodes to environmental conditions has been recorded and assessed before being discussed in the context of steel protection criteria. Finally, an investigation is presented into the on-site deterioration of commercially pure titanium feeder wire installed as part of the hybrid anode system and potential solutions to the problem have been documented. The research undertaken found that the hybrid anode system is capable of protecting steel in challenging, aggressive environments. This was confirmed by steel corrosion rate and indicative steel potential measurements. The responsive behaviour investigation showed that the current output of galvanic and hybrid anodes responds rapidly to changes in the corrosion risk posed to the steel and that this has a direct effect on anode system lifetimes. An assessment of the polarisation-based protection criteria applied to steel in concrete has found that the standard inhibits the use of responsive behaviour, and that revisions which consider the present risk of steel corrosion by considering the corrosion current resulting from the relative aggressivity of the concrete environment would be more valid in their application. A cathodic protection system based on the concepts of pit re-alkalisation and pH maintenance can fully utilise galvanic anode responsive behaviour. It was discovered that the deterioration of commercially pure titanium feeder wire seen on site installations was due to anodising in the presence of chloride media which had the potential to lead to pitting corrosion. The pitting risk varied depending on the duration of the treatment and proximity to the installed anode. An anodically grown oxide delayed the onset of corrosion in aqueous KBr solution, but did not significantly increase the pitting potential.