A significant factor in the overall efficiency of the balance of plant for a future magnetic fusion energy (MFE) reactor is the thermal performance of the divertor. A significant fraction of the reactor power is delivered to the divertor as plasma impurities and fusion products are deposited on its surface. For an advanced MFE device, an average divertor heat load of 10 MW/m² is expected at steady-state operating conditions. Helium cooling of the divertors is one of the most effective ways to accommodate such a heat load. Several helium-cooled divertor designs have been proposed and/or studied during the past decade including the T-Tube divertor, the helium-cooled flat plate (HCFP) divertor, the helium-cooled multi-jet (HEMJ) divertor, the helium-cooled modular divertor with integral fin array (HEMP), and the helium-cooled modular divertor with slot array (HEMS). All of these designs rely on some form of heat transfer enhancement via impinging jets or cooling fins to help improve the heat removal capability of the divertor. For all of these designs very large heat transfer coefficients on the order of 50-60 kW/m²-K have been predicted. As the conditions of a fusion reactor and associated helium flow conditions (600 °C and 10 MPa) are difficult to achieve safely in a controlled laboratory environment, the study of these divertors often relies on computer simulations and experimental modeling at non-prototypical, albeit dynamically similar, conditions. Earlier studies were based on the assumption that, for geometrically similar divertor test modules, dynamic similarity can be achieved by matching only the Reynolds number. Experiments conducted in this investigation using different coolants and test module materials have shown this assumption to be false. Modified correlations for the Nusselt number and loss coefficients for the HEMJ and HEMP-like divertor modules have been developed. These have been used to develop generalized performance curves to predict the divertor performance, i.e. the maximum allowable heat flux and corresponding pumping power fraction, at prototypical conditions. Additionally, a numerical study has been performed to optimize the fin array geometry of the HEMP-like divertor module. The generalized correlations and performance curves developed in this investigation can be incorporated into system design codes, thereby allowing system designers to optimize the divertor geometry and operating conditions.

Today’s demand on forklift trucks performance and efficiency is high. The productivity is important but also the experience while handling the forklift. The handling has to be simple and genuine to make the driver feel confident and safe. To achieve high performance steering in articulated trucks, a hydraulic power system is often used.Simulation software are a powerful tool in development processes. The program gives the industry a possibility to develop, analyze and evaluate constructions and models more efficient.The purpose of this master thesis is to identify and increase the knowledge about the main challenges in the hydraulic steering system in an articulated forklift. The hydraulic system has been modelled in the simulation software Hopsan and validated against data from measurements performed on the forklift. The different challenges have been identified based on tests and the simulation results. For a deeper understanding of the system a literature study, mainly about the key components, has been done during the master thesis. A number of suggestions for improvement have been developed with focus on increasing the steering performance. The concepts and ideas have been evaluated and tested in the simulation model.The project resulted in a validated simulation model of the articulation and a number of suggested improvements on the hydraulic steering system.

Corrigenda pasted onto front end paper. / One folded col. map in pocket on back endpaper. / Bibliography: leaves 348-368. / xx, 368 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Develops a framework balancing water quality costs resulting from waterborne disease, disinfection by-product exposure and aesthetic concerns, against hydraulic costs, which include pipes, pumps and tanks. The genetic algorithms developed, successfully obtained the current optimal hydraulic solution, before adapting the model to incorporate water quality issues. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000

Univ., Diss.--Utrecht, 2004. / Zsfassung in engl. und niederl. Sprache.

Thèse (D.R.Min.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. 372-379. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Dr. Seyed M. Ghiaasiaan; Committee Member: Dr. Marc K. Smith; Committee Member: Dr. Sheldon M. Jeter

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-126).

The transport of low-salinity waters through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago links the North Pacific, Arctic, and North Atlantic Oceans. This transport is influenced by many related small-scale processes including mixing, internal hydraulics, and internal tide generation. In this thesis, I quantify and elucidate the physics of such processes with aims of addressing discrepancies between observed and simulated fluxes through the Archipelago and advancing the skill of numerical models by identifying shortcomings and informing where and how progress can be achieved. To address the dearth of mixing rates across the network of channels, I first use a large-scale model to obtain baseline estimates of the spatial and seasonal variability of the vertical buoyancy flux. Much of the mixing occurs in the eastern half of the Archipelago and is attributed to the abundance of sills and narrow channels. Indeed, the so-called 'central sills area' is shown to be a mixing hot spot. I investigate this region further using high-spatial-resolution observational transects to examine the role of tides, which are excluded from the large-scale model. The many shallow channels here accelerate tidal currents and thereby induce strong bottom boundary layer dissipation. This is the largest energy sink within an observationally constrained energy budget. The generation of internal tides is another primary sink of barotropic tidal energy. Because the study site lies poleward of the critical latitudes of the dominant tidal constituents, internal tides propagate as internal Kelvin waves. Idealized, process-oriented modelling demonstrates that the amplitudes of such waves, or similarly the energy extracted from the barotropic tide, is sensitive to channel width because waves generated at each side of the channel interfere. Given the multiple connecting channels of the Archipelago, it is difficult to make a priori estimates of internal tide generation for a given channel. Nevertheless, the phenomenology I describe will be detectable in, and a requisite to understanding, pan-Arctic or global three-dimensional tidal models, which are becoming more prevalent. / Graduate

Les eaux de Versailles sont le plus grand chantier de l'histoire de l'Ancien Régime. Les chiffres sont vraiment impressionnants car, pour satisfaire sa passion des Grandes Eaux, Louis XIV fait creuser une douzaine d'étangs artificiels d'une capacité totale de 8 millions de mètres cube, construire des kilomètres d'aqueducs sur arches à l'imitation de l'Antiquité, poser 20 km de tuyaux de fonte et 10 km de conduite de plomb. Sans oublier la machine de Marly, la plus grosse mécanique hydraulique jamais construite, qui amène à Versailles les eaux de la Seine, située 160 m en contrebas du palais. Au-delà de Versailles, il existe d'autres palais-satellites qui ont aussi leurs effets d'eau : la Ménagerie, les Trianon, le Hameau de la reine Marie-Antoinette, sans oublier Marly avec son grand Jet, le plus haut de France, culminant à 40 m.En plus de ces immenses installations servent à alimenter les fontaines, Louis XIV fait aussi réaliser un réseau des « eaux bonnes à boire », avec un total de 7,4 kilomètres d'aqueducs de captage souterrain afin d'approvisionner le palais, le Grand Commun, les chevaux des Écuries, sans oublier les habitants de la ville de Versailles, avec une eau de source, la plus saine qui soit. Le Roi-Soleil se veut donc édilitaire et bienfaiteur à travers les fontaines publiques dont il équipe la nouvelle capitale royale. Pour construire, gérer, entretenir et faire fonctionner ces infrastructures, les Bâtiments du roi se dotent d'un personnel nombreux où la survivance du poste de père en fils et l'endogamie professionnelle sont la règle. Personnel qui, vu ses compétences techniques, reste en place sous la Révolution et même jusque sous le Second Empire. / The waterworks of Versailles is the largest project in the history of Ancien Régime. The numbers are really impressive, because to satisfy his passion for fountains, Louis XIV dug a dozen artificial lakes with a total capacity of 8 million cubic meters, build miles of aqueducts on arches in imitation of Antiquity, lay 20 km of iron pipes and 10 km of lead pipe. Not to mention the machine of Marly, the largest ever built mechanical hydraulic, which leads to Versailles waters of the Seine, located 160 m below the palace. Beyond Versailles palace there are other royal satellites which also have their water effects: the Menagerie, the Trianon, the Hameau of the Queen Marie-Antoinette, and Marly with his Grand Jet, the highest in France, peaking at 40 m.In addition to these great facilities are used to feed the fountains, Louis XIV is also implementing a network of “eaux bonnes à boire”, with a total of 7.4 miles of underground aqueducts to supply the palace, the Grand Common, horses in stables, not to mention the inhabitants of the town of Versailles, with spring water, the healthiest of all. The Sun King is therefore intended benefactor through civic and public fountains which equip the new royal capital. To build, manage, maintain and operate these facilities, the King's Buildings equip themselves with a large staff where the survival of the post from father to son and occupational endogamy is the rule. Staff which, given its technical expertise, remains in place during the Révolution and even until the Second Empire.

Esta tese teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Laboratório Virtual de Aprendizagem (LVA) - Hidrolândia e a avaliação do seu impacto em termos de aprendizagem, aplicado em disciplinas de mecânica dos fluidos e hidráulica, na graduação de cursos de Engenharia, no Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas – IPH, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, onde existe laboratório experimental em escala em hidráulica. A pesquisa foi realizada através do uso do LVA, especialmente desenvolvido para as disciplinas de graduação em cursos de Engenharia. Um total de 414 alunos, pertencentes a três cursos de Engenharia, participaram da pesquisa, sendo esta desenvolvida no período de 2012/2 a 2015/1. O Hidrolândia permite a simulação de vários processos referentes a três práticas laboratoriais da disciplina: velocidade em canal, aferição de Venturi e esvaziamento de reservatório. A estrutura do LVA e a abordagem pedagógica adotada permitiram a interação dos alunos com diversos componentes do ensaio, alterando fatores e variáveis do laboratório virtual, viabilizando a repetição do experimento com novos parâmetros e a análise dos resultados imediatamente. Após o uso do LVA, os alunos responderam a um questionário, o qual permitiu uma avaliação qualitativa do uso do referido recurso tecnológico virtual, além de uma avaliação teórica de conhecimentos. Duas turmas foram mantidas como controle, não tendo realizado o LVA; porém, tendo realizado o teste teórico para posterior análise em relação aos alunos que realizaram o LVA. A base teórica que dá alicerce para este trabalho é a da aprendizagem significativa (meaningful learning), dentro de uma perspectiva construtivista, abordagem proposta principalmente por David Jonassen. A análise dos resultados estatísticos mostrou que houve uma grande aceitação do uso do LVA, manifestado pelos alunos no questionário de avaliação e um significativo ganho no processo de aprendizagem, na comparação das notas finais e dos testes de conhecimento. A nota média no teste de conhecimentos dos alunos que utilizaram o LVA foi significativamente superior aos que não o utilizaram. Foi estatisticamente comprovado que o perfil de conceitos dos alunos que utilizaram o laboratório virtual é diferente do perfil dos que não o utilizaram e, em função dos percentuais maiores em conceitos "A" e "B", a diferença é no sentido de aumentar o desempenho daqueles que o utilizaram. Assim sendo, a principal contribuição desta tese é o desenvolvimento do LVA Hidrolândia e uma metodologia para sua utilização que, comprovadamente, geram maiores ganhos de aprendizagem na área de mecânica dos fluidos e hidráulica, o desenvolvimento das simplificações das equações da mecânica dos fluidos, gerando os algoritmos utilizados nas simulações do LVA, o desenvolvimento do mundo virtual do laboratório físico real no IPH, bem como sua implementação em Action Script, que pode servir de referência para implementação de outros mundos virtuais; portanto, cumprindo com os objetivos propostos. / This thesis aimed to the development of a Virtual Learning Lab (AVL) - Hidrolândia, and the evaluation of its impact in terms of learning, applied in mechanical of fluids and hydraulics disciplines, in undergraduate engineering courses at the Hydraulic Research Institute - IPH, in at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, where there is experimental and real laboratory in hydraulics. The survey was conducted through the use of LVA specially developed for undergraduate courses in Engineering courses. A total of 414 students from three engineering courses, participated in the survey, which was carried out from 2012/2 to 2015/1. The Hidrolândia allows the simulation of various processes relating to three laboratory discipline practices: channel speed, Venturi gauging and tank emptying. The structure of the LVA and the pedagogical approach adopted allowed the interaction of students with various components of the test by changing factors and variables of virtual lab, making possible to repeat the experiment with new parameters and analyzing the results immediately. After using the LVA, the students answered a questionnaire, which allowed a qualitative evaluation of the use of that virtual technological resource, as well as a theoretical evaluation of knowledge. Two groups were kept as a control and had not made the LVA, but having done the theoretical test for further analysis regarding students who performed the LVA. The theoretical basis that gives foundation for this work is the significant learning (meaningful learning) within a constructivist perspective, approach proposed mainly by David Jonassen. The analysis of the statistical results showed that there was wide acceptance of the use of LVA, shown by students in the assessment questionnaire and a significant gain in the learning process, the comparison of endnotes and knowledge tests. The average score in the test of knowledge of the students who used the LVAH was significantly higher than those who did not use. It has been statistically proven that the profile concepts of students who used the virtual lab was different from the profile of those who did not use and, due to higher percentages in concepts "A" and "B", with increased performance those who used it. Therefore, the main contribution of this thesis is the development of LVA Hidrolândia and a methodology for its use that was proven to generate greater learning gains in the mechanical area of fluids and hydraulics, the development of the simplifications of the fluid mechanics equations, generating the algorithms used in the LVA simulations, the development of the virtual world to the physical laboratory at IPH and its implementation in Action Script, which can serve as a reference for the implementation of other virtual worlds; thus complying with the proposed objectives.