Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-06T11:35:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T11:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-27 / Instituto Terra de Prote??o Ambiental, ITPA, Brasil. / The air basin is a three-dimensional space that conduct and distribute the winds over the drainage basin. In Rio de Janeiro?s state, 48% of the territory is constituted by Atlantic slope, where were registered 16 air basins with specific environmental features, distributed in 20% of the area. Based on the conformation of morphometrics parameters the air basins were grouped, by Multivariate Analysis - Cluster, with Euclidean distance of 48%, significance level of 95% and correlation coefficient of 0.7132, in 5 groups with similar forms. To evaluate the hydrologic effects within the air basins, it was used as a study case, the air basin of Angra dos Reis, where the magnitude of the interception of clouds was measured in the escape zone from the topographic divide of the Pirai river basin (leeward), in different distance away, with and without natural barriers, during the winter and summer. It was used vertical intercept sampling area equivalent to 0.45% of the forests in the region. The variation of the removal of the topographic divide occurred until 500 m of altitude, this limit may be the end of the escape zone and the beginning of the air basin distribution zone. The effect of air basin represented additional of 44% of the volume of rain in topographic divide (point 1), 39% at 4.5 km (point 2) and 42% at 7.5 km (point 3) of the point 1, in concordant direction of the flow. The effect of the orography in the trajectory of the winds, varied in an irregular way in winter and in summer, maintaining differential of 23% and 77% in point A (obstruction of 85% of the cross section) and 32% and 68% in point B (obstruction of 80% of the cross section). In areas under the influence of air basins, the variables and environmental processes can be crucial to offer environmental services in drainage basins. / A Bacia A?rea ? um espa?o tridimensional que conduz e distribui os ventos sobre as bacias hidrogr?ficas. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 48% do territ?rio ? composto pela vertente Atl?ntica, onde foram registradas 16 bacias a?reas com caracter?sticas ambientais espec?ficas, distribu?das em 20% da ?rea. Baseado na conforma??o de par?metros morfom?tricos as bacias a?reas foram agrupadas, atrav?s de An?lise Multivariada ? Cluster, com dist?ncia Euclidiana de 48%, n?vel de signific?ncia de 95% e coeficiente de correla??o de 0,7132 em 5 grupos com formas similares. Para avaliar os efeitos hidrol?gicos dentro das bacias a?reas, utilizou-se como estudo de caso a bacia a?rea de Angra dos Reis, onde a magnitude da vari?vel intercepta??o das nuvens foi medida na zona de escape, a partir do interfl?vio da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Pirai (sotavento), em dist?ncias de afastamento distintas, com e sem barreiras orogr?ficas, durante o inverno e ver?o. Utilizou-se ?rea amostral de intercepta??o vertical equivalente a 0,45% das florestas da regi?o. A varia??o do afastamento do interfl?vio ocorreu at? desn?vel de 500 m em altitude, podendo ser este limite o fim da zona de escape e in?cio da zona de distribui??o da bacia a?rea. O efeito da bacia a?rea representou adicional de 44% em volume de chuva no interfl?vio (ponto 1), 39% a 4,5 km (ponto 2) e 42% a 7,5 km (ponto 3) do ponto 1 em dire??o concordante ao sentido do fluxo. O efeito da orografia no corredor variou de forma irregular no inverno e no ver?o, mantendo diferencial de 23% e 77% no ponto A (obstru??o de 85% da se??o transversal) e 32% e 68% , no ponto B (obstru??o de 80% da se??o transversal). Em ?reas sob influ?ncia de bacias a?reas, as vari?veis e processos ambientais podem ser determinantes para ofertar servi?os ambientais nas bacias hidrogr?ficas.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-06T11:57:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T11:57:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-27 / Instituto Terra de Prote??o Ambiental, ITPA, Brasil. / The air basin is a three-dimensional space that conduct and distribute the winds over the drainage basin. In Rio de Janeiro?s state, 48% of the territory is constituted by Atlantic slope, where were registered 16 air basins with specific environmental features, distributed in 20% of the area. Based on the conformation of morphometrics parameters the air basins were grouped, by Multivariate Analysis - Cluster, with Euclidean distance of 48%, significance level of 95% and correlation coefficient of 0.7132, in 5 groups with similar forms. To evaluate the hydrologic effects within the air basins, it was used as a study case, the air basin of Angra dos Reis, where the magnitude of the interception of clouds was measured in the escape zone from the topographic divide of the Pirai river basin (leeward), in different distance away, with and without natural barriers, during the winter and summer. It was used vertical intercept sampling area equivalent to 0.45% of the forests in the region. The variation of the removal of the topographic divide occurred until 500 m of altitude, this limit may be the end of the escape zone and the beginning of the air basin distribution zone. The effect of air basin represented additional of 44% of the volume of rain in topographic divide (point 1), 39% at 4.5 km (point 2) and 42% at 7.5 km (point 3) of the point 1, in concordant direction of the flow. The effect of the orography in the trajectory of the winds, varied in an irregular way in winter and in summer, maintaining differential of 23% and 77% in point A (obstruction of 85% of the cross section) and 32% and 68% in point B (obstruction of 80% of the cross section). In areas under the influence of air basins, the variables and environmental processes can be crucial to offer environmental services in drainage basins. / A Bacia A?rea ? um espa?o tridimensional que conduz e distribui os ventos sobre as bacias hidrogr?ficas. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 48% do territ?rio ? composto pela vertente Atl?ntica, onde foram registradas 16 bacias a?reas com caracter?sticas ambientais espec?ficas, distribu?das em 20% da ?rea. Baseado na conforma??o de par?metros morfom?tricos as bacias a?reas foram agrupadas, atrav?s de An?lise Multivariada ? Cluster, com dist?ncia Euclidiana de 48%, n?vel de signific?ncia de 95% e coeficiente de correla??o de 0,7132 em 5 grupos com formas similares. Para avaliar os efeitos hidrol?gicos dentro das bacias a?reas, utilizou-se como estudo de caso a bacia a?rea de Angra dos Reis, onde a magnitude da vari?vel intercepta??o das nuvens foi medida na zona de escape, a partir do interfl?vio da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Pirai (sotavento), em dist?ncias de afastamento distintas, com e sem barreiras orogr?ficas, durante o inverno e ver?o. Utilizou-se ?rea amostral de intercepta??o vertical equivalente a 0,45% das florestas da regi?o. A varia??o do afastamento do interfl?vio ocorreu at? desn?vel de 500 m em altitude, podendo ser este limite o fim da zona de escape e in?cio da zona de distribui??o da bacia a?rea. O efeito da bacia a?rea representou adicional de 44% em volume de chuva no interfl?vio (ponto 1), 39% a 4,5 km (ponto 2) e 42% a 7,5 km (ponto 3) do ponto 1 em dire??o concordante ao sentido do fluxo. O efeito da orografia no corredor variou de forma irregular no inverno e no ver?o, mantendo diferencial de 23% e 77% no ponto A (obstru??o de 85% da se??o transversal) e 32% e 68% , no ponto B (obstru??o de 80% da se??o transversal). Em ?reas sob influ?ncia de bacias a?reas, as vari?veis e processos ambientais podem ser determinantes para ofertar servi?os ambientais nas bacias hidrogr?ficas.

The Water Framework Directive requires reduced environmental impacts from human activities and for the assessment of the non-market benefits of pollution remediation schemes. This policy shift has exacerbated the research problems surrounding the physical, social and economic consequences of the relationship between land use and water quality. This research seeks to quantify the major socio-economic and environmental benefits for people which may arise as riverine pollution is reduced. To achieve these aims this research integrates primary data analyses combining choice experiment techniques with geographical information system based analyses of secondary data concerning the spatial distributions of riverine pollution. Current knowledge on the microbial quality of river water, measured by faecal indicator organism (FIO) concentrations and assessed at catchment scale, is inadequate. This research develops generic regression models to predict base- and high-flow faecal coliform (FC) and enterococci (EN) concentrations, using land cover and population (human and livestock) variables. The resulting models are then used both to predict FIO concentrations in unmonitored watercourses and to evaluate the likely impacts of different land use scenarios, enabling insights into the optimal locations and cost-effective mix of implementation strategies. Valuation experiments frequently conflate respondents’ preferences for different aspects of water quality. This analysis uses stated preference techniques to disaggregate the values of recreation and ecological attributes of water quality, thereby allowing decision makers to better understand the consequences of adopting alternative investment strategies which favour either ecological, recreational or a mix of benefits. The results reveal heterogeneous preferences across society; specifically, latent class analysis identifies three distinct groups, holding significantly different preferences for water quality. From a methodological perspective this research greatly enhances the ongoing synthesis of geographic and economic social sciences and addresses important policy questions which are of interest to a variety of stakeholders, including government departments and the water industry.