No description available.

Immer mehr Anwenderprogramme werden zum täglich genutzten Werkzeug des Ingenieurs zur Lösung vielfältiger Problemstellungen. Viele Aufgaben sind ohne die Computertechnik nicht mehr lösbar. Simulationen mit ein-, zwei- und allmählich zunehmend dreidimensionalen Programmen ermöglichen heute schon eine Komplexität der Betrachtung, die es ohne diese Programme nicht gäbe. Am Institut für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik der TU Dresden werden daher verschiedene Praktika und Belege in Verbindung mit physikalischen Modellversuchen in die studentische Ausbildung integriert.

No description available.

Immer mehr Anwenderprogramme werden zum täglich genutzten Werkzeug des Ingenieurs zur Lösung vielfältiger Problemstellungen. Viele Aufgaben sind ohne die Computertechnik nicht mehr lösbar. Simulationen mit ein-, zwei- und allmählich zunehmend dreidimensionalen Programmen ermöglichen heute schon eine Komplexität der Betrachtung, die es ohne diese Programme nicht gäbe. Am Institut für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik der TU Dresden werden daher verschiedene Praktika und Belege in Verbindung mit physikalischen Modellversuchen in die studentische Ausbildung integriert.

This thesis is dedicated to the study of the turbulent fluid flow in rough-walled rock fractures. Fracture models were generated from 3D scans of fractured rock samples, while fluid flow was simulated numerically by means of FVM-based open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM, employing the high-performance computing cluster for the more demanding 3D models. First part of the thesis addresses the issue of fracture geometry. Realistic 2D and 3D fracture models were constructed from 3D scans of upper and lower halves of a fractured rock sample, taking both shear displacement and contact spots into account. Furthermore, we discuss the shortcomings of the available fracture aperture metrics and propose a new aperture metric based on the Hausdorff distance; imaging performance of the new metric is shown to be superior to the conventional vertical aperture, especially for rough fracture surfaces with abundant ridges and troughs. In the second part of the thesis we focus on the fluid flow through the rock fracture for both 2D and 3D cases. While previous studies were largely limited to the fully viscous Darcy or inertial Forchheimer laminar flow regimes, we chose to investigate across the widest possible range of Reynolds numbers from 0.1 to 10^6, covering both laminar and turbulent regimes, which called for a thorough investigation of suitable turbulence modeling techniques. Due to narrow mean aperture and high aspect ratio of the typical fracture geometry, meshing posed a particularly challenging problem. Taking into account limited computational resources and a sheer number of model geometries, we developed a highly-optimised workflow, employing the steady-state RANS simulation approach to obtain time-averaged flow fields. Our findings show that while flow fields remain mostly stationary and undisturbed for simpler contactless geometries, emergence of contact spots immediately triggers a transition to non-stationary flow starting from Re ∼ 10^2, which is reflected by the streamline tortuosity data. This transition disrupts the flow pattern across the fracture plane, causing strong channeling and large separation bubbles, with area of the latter being much larger than the generating contact spots. Adverse influence of the contact spots on the overall permeability is strong enough to override any benefits of aperture increase during shear and dilation. Contactless 3D models can to a certain degree be approximated by their 2D counterparts. Lastly, we investigate the influence of both shearing and contact spots on the overall permeability and friction factor of the fracture, drawing a parallel to the well-studied area of turbulent flow in rough-walled pipes and ducts. Unlike the latter, 3D curvilinear fracture geometries exhibit a gapless laminar–turbulent transition, behaving as a hydraulically rough channel in the turbulent range as the shear displacement increases.

‘Coupled process’ implies that one process affects the initiation and progress of the others and vice versa. The deformation and damage behaviors of rock under loading process change the fluid flow field within it, and lead to altering in permeable characteristics; on the other side inner fluid flow leads to altering in pore pressure and effective stress of rock matrix and flow by influencing stress strain behavior of rock. Therefore, responses of rock to natural or man-made perturbations cannot be predicted with confidence by considering each process independently. As far as hydro-mechanical behavior of rock is concerned, the researchers have always been making efforts to develop the model which can represent the permeable characteristics as well as stress-strain behaviors during the entire damage process. A brittle low porous granite was chosen as the study object in this thesis, the aim is to establish a corresponding constitutive law including the relation between permeability evolution and mechanical deformation as well as the rock failure behavior under hydro-mechanical coupled conditions based on own hydro-mechanical coupled lab tests. The main research works of this thesis are as follows: 1. The fluid flow and mechanical theoretical models have been reviewed and the theoretical methods to solve hydro-mechanical coupled problems of porous medium such as flow equations, elasto-plastic constitutive law, and Biot coupled control equations have been summarized. 2. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted on the granite from Erzgebirge–Vogtland region within the Saxothuringian segment of Central Europe, including: permeability measurements, ultrasonic wave speed measurements, Brazilian tests, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. A hydro-mechanical coupled testing system has been designed and used to conduct drained, undrained triaxial compression tests and permeability evolution measurements during complete loading process. A set of physical and mechanical parameters were obtained. 3. Based on analyzing the complete stress-strain curves obtained from triaxial compression tests and Hoek-Brown failure criterion, a modified elemental elasto-plastic constitutive law was developed which can represent strength degradation and volume dilation considering the influence of confining pressure. 4. The mechanism of HM-coupled behavior according to the Biot theory of elastic porous medium is summarized. A trilinear evolution rule for Biot’s coefficient based on the laboratory observations was deduced to eliminate the error in predicting rock strength caused by constant Biot’s coefficient. 5. The permeability evolution of low porous rock during the failure process was described based on literature data and own measurements, a general rule for the permeability evolution was developed for the laboratory scale, a strong linear relation between permeability and volumetrical strain was observed and a linear function was extracted to predict permeability evolution during loading process based on own measurements. 6. By combining modified constitutive law, the trilinear Biot’s coefficient evolution model and the linear relationship between permeability and volumetrical strain, a fully hydro-mechanical coupled numerical simulation scheme was developed and implemented in FLAC3D. A series of numerical simulations of triaxial compression test considering the hydro-mechanical coupling were performed with FLAC3D. And a good agreement was found between the numerical simulation results and the laboratory measurements under 20 MPa confining pressure and 10 MPa fluid pressure, the feasibility of this fully hydro-mechanical coupled model was proven.

‘Coupled process’ implies that one process affects the initiation and progress of the others and vice versa. The deformation and damage behaviors of rock under loading process change the fluid flow field within it, and lead to altering in permeable characteristics; on the other side inner fluid flow leads to altering in pore pressure and effective stress of rock matrix and flow by influencing stress strain behavior of rock. Therefore, responses of rock to natural or man-made perturbations cannot be predicted with confidence by considering each process independently. As far as hydro-mechanical behavior of rock is concerned, the researchers have always been making efforts to develop the model which can represent the permeable characteristics as well as stress-strain behaviors during the entire damage process. A brittle low porous granite was chosen as the study object in this thesis, the aim is to establish a corresponding constitutive law including the relation between permeability evolution and mechanical deformation as well as the rock failure behavior under hydro-mechanical coupled conditions based on own hydro-mechanical coupled lab tests. The main research works of this thesis are as follows: 1. The fluid flow and mechanical theoretical models have been reviewed and the theoretical methods to solve hydro-mechanical coupled problems of porous medium such as flow equations, elasto-plastic constitutive law, and Biot coupled control equations have been summarized. 2. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted on the granite from Erzgebirge–Vogtland region within the Saxothuringian segment of Central Europe, including: permeability measurements, ultrasonic wave speed measurements, Brazilian tests, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. A hydro-mechanical coupled testing system has been designed and used to conduct drained, undrained triaxial compression tests and permeability evolution measurements during complete loading process. A set of physical and mechanical parameters were obtained. 3. Based on analyzing the complete stress-strain curves obtained from triaxial compression tests and Hoek-Brown failure criterion, a modified elemental elasto-plastic constitutive law was developed which can represent strength degradation and volume dilation considering the influence of confining pressure. 4. The mechanism of HM-coupled behavior according to the Biot theory of elastic porous medium is summarized. A trilinear evolution rule for Biot’s coefficient based on the laboratory observations was deduced to eliminate the error in predicting rock strength caused by constant Biot’s coefficient. 5. The permeability evolution of low porous rock during the failure process was described based on literature data and own measurements, a general rule for the permeability evolution was developed for the laboratory scale, a strong linear relation between permeability and volumetrical strain was observed and a linear function was extracted to predict permeability evolution during loading process based on own measurements. 6. By combining modified constitutive law, the trilinear Biot’s coefficient evolution model and the linear relationship between permeability and volumetrical strain, a fully hydro-mechanical coupled numerical simulation scheme was developed and implemented in FLAC3D. A series of numerical simulations of triaxial compression test considering the hydro-mechanical coupling were performed with FLAC3D. And a good agreement was found between the numerical simulation results and the laboratory measurements under 20 MPa confining pressure and 10 MPa fluid pressure, the feasibility of this fully hydro-mechanical coupled model was proven.