Submitted by Inácio de Oliveira Lima Neto (inacio.neto@inpa.gov.br) on 2018-07-13T19:08:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 tese Patrik Barcelos e Silva.pdf: 15156108 bytes, checksum: b6a654c5255348fc8859fd81a64704a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T19:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tese Patrik Barcelos e Silva.pdf: 15156108 bytes, checksum: b6a654c5255348fc8859fd81a64704a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Macronematinae is the second largest subfamily of Hydropsychidae with about 400 species being the Neotropical region with the largest number of recorded species (214 species). Currently with 16 genera it is divided in two tribes: Macronematini with developed palpi and Polymorphanisini with atrophied palpi. Even present in some studies investigating the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies of Hydropsychidae, Macronematinae did not have their monophyly tested including all genera of the group in such a way that all their diversity was represented, and until now there is no proposal that tries to understand the relations among the genera of the subfamily. The aim of this study were: study the taxonomy of Neotropical genera, test the monophyly of Macronematinae, and propose a hypothesis of relationship among the subfamily genera. In the present work two new species of Leptonema and immature stages of Centromacronema, Leptonema and Synoestropsis collected in different Brazilian states were described. Phylogenetic analyzes were performed based on morphological data extracted from male adults and larvae as well as molecular data from the COI and 28S fragments. In all cases, five partitions of the independent and combined data were analyzed under the parsimony using the TNT program and Bayesian inference in the Mr. Bayes program methods. The results recovered the monophyly of Macronematinae but did not recover the monophyly of Macronematini and Polymorphanisini. Polymorphanisus was not recovered as monophyletic we suggested the description of a new genus to allocate the species of P. (ocularis): Magnocularis gen. nov., once that they were recovered in a separate clade of the species of P. (nigricornis). In order to adapt the current classification to the obtained results, the following changes were proposed: creation of Leptonemini trib. nov., including Leptonema and Neoleptonema stat. rev. and Macrostemini. trib. nov. including Aethaloptera (transferred from Polymorphanisini), Amphipsyche, Macrostemum [divided in two subgenera: M. (Macrostemum) e M.(Panmacrostemum) subgen.nov.]and Protomacronema. Macronematinae now includes only Baliomorpha, Centromacronema and Macronema, and Polymorphanisini includes Magnocularis gen. nov., Oestropsyche, Polymorphanisus and Synoestropsis. The position of Leptopsyche, Plectromacronema, Pseudoleptonema and Trichomacronema stat. rev. has been the subject of controversy and the addition new information on these genera is necessary to better establish their positions. A new classification is presented with all proposed changes and a key identification of the Macronematinae genera of the world is proposed for adults and larvae. / Macronematinae é a segunda maior subfamília de Hydropsychidae com cerca de 400 espécies, sendo a região Neotropical a com o maior número de espécies registradas (214 espécies). Atualmente com 16 gêneros, está dividida em duas tribos: Macronematini com palpos desenvolvidos e Polymorphanisini com palpos atrofiados. Mesmo presente em alguns estudos que investigaram as relações filogenéticas entre as subfamílias de Hydropsychidae, Macronematinae não teve seu monofiletismo testado incluindo todos os gêneros do grupo de forma que fosse representada toda sua diversidade. Além disso, não existe, até o momento, uma proposta que aborde as relações entre os gêneros da subfamília. Desta maneir os objetivos deste estudo foram estudar a taxonomia de gêneros Neotropicais, testar o monofiletismo de Macronematinae e propor uma hipótese de relacionamento entre os gêneros desta subfamília. No presente trabalho foram descritas duas espécies novas de Leptonema e estágios imaturos de espécies dos gêneros Centromacronema, Leptonema e Synoestropsis coletados em diferentes estados do Brasil. As análises filogenéticas foram realizadas com base em dados morfológicos,obtidos dos adultos machos e das larvas e dados moleculares de fragmentos dos genes COI e 28S. Ao todo foram analisadas cinco partições dos dados independentes e combinados sob os métodos de parcimônia usando o programa TNT e inferência bayesiana no programa Mr. Bayes. Os resultados recuperaram o monofiletismo de Macronematinae, mas não recuperaram o monofiletismo das tribos Macronematini e Polymorphanisini. Polymorphanisus não foi recuperado como monofiléticos, foi sugerido a descrição de um novo gênero para abrigar as espécies de P. (ocularis): Magnocularis gen. nov., uma vez que este foi recuperado em um clado separado das espécies de P. (nigricornis). Para adequar a classificação atual aos resultados obtidos foram propostas as seguintes mudanças: criação de Leptonemini trib. nov., incluindo Leptonema e Neoleptonema stat. rev. e Macrostemini. trib. nov. incluindo Aethaloptera (transferido de Polymorphanisini), Amphipsyche, Macrostemum [dividido em dois subgêneros: M. (Macrostemum) e M. (Panmacrostemum) subgen. nov.] e Protomacronema. Macronematinini passou a incluir apenas Baliomorpha, Centromacronema e Macronema e Polymorphanisini inclui Magnocularis gen. nov., Oestropsyche, Polymorphanisus e Synoestropsis. A posição de Leptopsyche, Plectromacronema, Pseudoleptonema e Trichomacronema stat. rev. foi alvo de controvérsias e a adição de novas informações sobre esses gêneros é necessária para melhor estabelecer seus posicionamentos. Uma nova classificação é apresentada com todas as alterações propostas e uma chave de identificação dos gêneros de Macronematinae do mundo foi proposta para adultos e larvas.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1990. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 3051. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-46).

Physical disturbance in the form of storm events has been implicated as a major determinant of community structure in streams. But there has been limited study of this effect on individual taxa within the communities. Such work is needed because of untested assumptions regarding the behavior of bioindicator species in these systems. Development of intricate indices of insect tolerances to organic pollution have become commonplace in environmental monitoring. However, research on the effects of natural disturbance on biological water quality assessment is lacking. Hydropsychid caddisflies are relatively intolerant to organic pollution and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has outlined the use of these organisms and others as an indication of clean water. If a species is recorded as absent from samples when it is present but hidden, this false negative would bias the water quality assessment. I tested hypotheses regarding the behavior of hydropsychid caddisflies facing increased discharge, and the effect of stream size on the magnitude of this phenomenon.Three sites along the West Fork of the White River, Indiana USA were studied during nine storms between 2001 and 2004. Stratified sampling from the upper 15 cm of substrate prior to and just after a storm, and again following reestablishment of normal flow, revealed alterations of hydropsychid distributions. During storms all but one species sought refuge in the hyporheic zone at depths dependent upon storm intensity. The possibility that poor water quality resulting from increased discharge caused the hydropsychid behavior was refuted by chemical analysis. Family level biotic index (FBI) data demonstrated that increased discharge results in a reduction of stream FBI values. These results indicate that high intensity storm events influence biological monitoring and should be factored into sampling protocol. / Department of Biology

Populations of all stages of three species of Hydropsychidae, Hydropsyche simulans, Cheumatopsyche campyla, and Cheumatopsyche lasia were sampled fro September, 1971, to August, 1972, on the Brazos River in Palo Pinto County, Texas. Supplemental observations relating to emergence, mating and oviposition, and larvae food habits were continued to July, 1973. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the life cycles and ecology of this Hydropsychidae complex.

Life history and annual production of Hydropsyche slossonae were determined in Mill Creek, Virginia, emphasizing aspects of its early life history. Mill Creek is a first—order stream in the Central Appalachian Ridges and Valleys ecoregion. Each adult female laid approximately 230 eggs in May and June which hatched in 13 days. Five larval instars were recorded with most individuals overwintering in III and IV instars. Pupation and emergence occurred primarily over a six week period in May and June. No mortality in the egg stage (0%) was detected, while high mortality in I instar (92.9%) was due in part to sibling cannibalism. Second through fifth instars showed constant, low mortality, with high mortality again in the pupal stage; an estimated 0.5% of the original eggs survived to adulthood. Growth analysis revealed two distinct growth phases; one from hatching through IV instar (0.008 mg/day) and a much faster growing V instar in May (0.085 mg/day). Annual production estimates ranged from 3 to 5 g/m² and were highly variable. It may be more precise to estimate production by predicting biomass from survivorship and growth functions than directly from sample data. On a per day basis, production was not constant but varied during the year. Yield per day peaked slightly later than peaks in production. High daily production occurred immediately after hatching due to growth of many small individuals. At the end of the generation, there was another period of high daily production due to fast growth by fewer larger individuals. Most production occurred from March through June. At other times, daily production was relatively low. / Ph. D.

This thesis deals with behavioural strategies used by caddis larvae in pairwise contests and when selecting microhabitats. Effects of caddis larvae on survival and habitat selection of other insect taxa have also been studied. The behaviours used by Arctopsyche ladogensis larvae fighting for nets, and Agrypnia pagetana larvae fighting for cases, agreed well with predictions from the sequential assessment game, which is an ESS model of animal fighting behaviour. Establishment by net-spinning Hydropsyche siltalai larvae on artificial substrates was highest at intermediate densities of residents. Emigration/mortality was density independent, and it was higher at a poor site (low food availability) than at a rich site. Establishment was unaffected by site quality. Growth was density dependent because larvae in upstream positions reduced both current velocity and concentration of food particles for larvae in downstream positions. A field experiment involved manipulations of the density of H. siltalai larvae and their nets in a lake outlet stream. H. siltalai larvae affected all abundant taxa, but the mechanism involved varied between taxa. Rhyacophila nubila (Trichoptera) and chironomid larvae benefited from the presence of H. siltalai nets. Negative effects on nymphs of the mayfly Ephemerella ignita were due to predation by H. siltalai larvae, while a combination of predation and increased emigration in response to nets depressed densities of Simulium truncatum blackfly larvae. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu