Proefschrift--Groningen.

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-40). Also available online.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Giessen.

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The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular regulation. Elevated cardiovascular-related sympathetic activity can lead to neurogenic hypertension and a host of other serious cardiac related abnormalities. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays an important role in sympathetic cardiovascular regulation. Neurons from the PVN project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is the main brain stem sympathetic cardiovascular control center. While RVLM-projecting PVN neurons have been well characterized, the topographical organization within the PVN subnuclei are still not fully known. The goal of this neuroanatomical study was to map the topographical distribution of RVLM-projecting PVN neurons. To do this we microinjected four different carboxylate FluoSphere retrograde tracers (blue, 365/415; green, 505/515; red, 565/580; and far red, 660/680) at different rostro-caudal coordinates within the RVLM. The vast majority of RVLM-projecting PVN neurons were ipsilateral and located in the medial parvocellular subnucleus. Whereas most neurons were ipsilateral, there is a small fraction of neurons that crossed the midline. Neurons were also identified within the dorsal, ventral, and posterior parvocellular subnuclei of the PVN and no labeling in the anterior parvocellular or magnocellular subnuclei. We unexpectantly observed different efficiencies of the retrograde tracers with blue (365/415) being the least efficient and red (565/580) being the best. These neuroanatomical data will serve as important preliminary functional and histochemical data for future research studies.

No description available.

The vertebrate hypothalamus is a central node within multiple interwoven neural networks that integrate external and internal cues to control homeostasis, endocrine functions and social behavior. The neuropeptide hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is produced in both the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Expression within these nuclei is conserved across species, and species differences in the expression of AVP and its cognate receptors correlate with differences in social behavior. As a central node within the social behavior network, chemogenetic manipulation of AVP+ cells in the paraventricular nucleus (pvn) of the hypothalamus provides a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between social behavior and the regulation of stress responses. Here, we show that reversibly inducing excitatory activity in vasopressin neurons in the PVN results in reduced motivation for social interaction and increased grooming behavior in males. Chronic activation of PVN AVP neurons reduced social motivation in male mice that persisted even without CNO administration. These results highlight the role PVN AVP+ neurons play in the modulation of male social motivation.

No description available.

No description available.