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Same-sex marriage has been heavily debated in academics and in the public sphere. During the 2004 Presidential election same-sex marriage became an issue that polarized the candidates. It has become a lightning rod for public debate. Due to the increasing attention to the controversy of legalizing same-sex marriage, it is an important topic for research. This paper seeks to contribute to the research of same-sex marriage by providing insight into claims-making efforts to define same-sex marriage as a social problem. My findings shed light on this topic from a social constructionist perspective by examining the use of rhetorical idioms of the claims made by opposing parties in the debate over same-sex marriage as it relates to the court ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health.

Ce mémoire porte sur la vie et l’œuvre des trois maîtres de chapelle de la Cathédrale de Quito aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : Gonzalo Pillajo, Manuel Blasco et Joseph Hortuño. Leurs œuvres de musique chorale se trouvent dans la compilation des manuscrits situés dans les archives du diocèse d’Ibarra (Équateur). Elles ont été classées, pour la plupart, en tant que chants de Noël appelés villancicos. À la lumière des caractéristiques physiques des manuscrits en question, des recherches spécifiques faites à ce sujet, et de la documentation existante sur le gouvernorat de Quito et ses alentours tout au long de la vice-royauté du Pérou, ce travail démontre dans un premier temps le contexte dans lequel ces villancicos ont été composées. Par ailleurs, l’étude des manuscrits révèle les détails sur l’organisation des voix, et la façon dont les œuvres ont pu être interprétées. En plus, l’étude de la musique des trois maîtres de chapelle révèle les liens existant entre leurs œuvres et celles des compositeurs Francisco Guerrero et Juan de Araujo. De cette façon, une démarche historico-culturelle musicale autour de la Cathédrale de Quito lors de l’époque coloniale a été accomplie et a permis d’identifier les particularités qui font référence aux croyances et aux habitudes de la population indigène latino-américaine. / This study showcases the life and works of three Chapels Masters of the Cathedral of Quito during the 17th and 18th centuries: Gonzalo Pillajo, Manuel Blasco et Joseph Hortuño. Their choral music pieces can be found in the compilation of manuscripts located in the archives of the diocese of Ibarra (Ecuador). Most of these pieces have been classified as Christmas carols called Villancicos. Taking into account the physical characteristics of the manuscripts in question, previous research completed on the subject and existing documentation on the governorate of Quito and its surroundings along the territorial viceroyalty of Peru, this dissertation demonstrates the context in which these villancicos were composed. Furthermore, the study of these manuscripts reveals details regarding the organization of voices and the manner in which these choral pieces were interpreted. Lastly, from the three Chapel Masters we note the similarities between their works and those of Francisco Guerrero and Juan de Araujo. In this way musical historical-cultural research around the Cathedral of Quito during the colonial period has been accomplished and has allowed to identify the particularities that refer to the beliefs and habits of the Latin American indigenous population.

This thesis transcribes and translates the war correspondence of King Philip II from the year 1592. The original manuscripts are held at the Harold B. Lee Library in the L. Tom Perry Special Collections (Brigham Young University, Provo, UT). The original manuscripts have been diplomatically transcribed meaning that the transcription respects the original orthography, accentuation, abbreviations, and word divisions. For easy comparison, a facsimile of each manuscript has been provided and appears before its corresponding transcription. The translation strategy used is a modified version of a “fluent translation” as described by Lawrence Venuti. Instead of removing all foreign aspects of the source language (Spanish), some political and monetary terms have been borrowed because of a lack of a cultural and lexical equivalent in the target language (English). The definitions of these words have been provided at the end of the translation section. Also provided is a brief history about Philip II and his rise to being king of Spain along with his political ideologies and policies towards the Netherlands and England. This biography provides the historical context to better understand the content of the letters and their impact on history.