This research investigated the teaching materials of elementary school social science, including lessons and exercises in textbooks, to understand the status represented in the teaching materials of social science of sex awareness that is covered in sex role, sex bias, sex discrimination, and the role of two sexes in modern life. The research was designed to accomplish the following purposes: (I) Analysis of sex roles in the teaching materials of social science; (II) Analysis of sex discrimination in the teaching materials; (III) Analysis of sex bias in the teaching materials; Content analysis and inductive approach were used as the primary methods, and the content analysis method of this research was mainly based on qualitative analysis as well as on quantitative analysis. The findings are presented in tables. The framework of this research: Chapter 1 This chapter mainly describes the background, motive and purpose of this research. Chapter 2 The doctoral and master¡¦s dissertations, journals and literature, domestic and foreign, on gender consciousness in the textbooks of primary schools are reviewed in this chapter. This research also studies the five analytical indexes, define check classifications, and submit the findings of the study. Chapter 3 The theories of social science as well as the information collected from literature were used to analyze the teaching materials. This research was conducted only based on literature and theories. As far as the research approaches are concerned, the methods employed for this research were a little different from the quantified approach. This is the restriction on methods for this research. Chapter 4 The issues such as sex role, sex discrimination, sex bias, etc. are focuses of this research in analysis of the gender consciousness in teaching materials. The researcher also used theories of social science to explain those issues. Chapter 5 In this research, the teaching units were analyzed in the content analysis approach and the check classification tables were also developed for analysis of the teaching materials. Based on the criterion for check classification tables, the subjects of this research, their occupation and activities were discussed. This Chapter also submitted criterion and methods for checking the contents of teaching materials. Chapter 6 In this chapter, a conclusion was drawn from the results of analysis and study of this research as well as the main findings of each chapter, literature and some theories. The researcher also provided suggestions from the viewpoints of this research. The researcher used the literature review done by scholars as the reliability index of this research, and developed the criteria for checking sex awareness patterns studied by scholars into check classification tables and operational definitions of the sex awareness patterns of this research. These tables and definitions were used as the basis for content analysis of the teaching materials of social science. The criteria for check classification tables of this research are divided into six types that are as follows: (¢¹) The condition of sex stereotype in occupational activities and people; (¢º) The condition of deviation imbalance in occupational hierarchy, position ratio, and types of activities; (¢») The condition of gender relationships in activity role play, types of the positions of men and women, and types of activities; (¢¼) Omission in activities and game content, types of occupational contributions by men and women, activities of adults and children; (¢½) Comparisons of superficial work in occupational types and division of labor of modern men and women, occupational types of female positions, and types of roles and positions of men and women, and sex social hierarchy of men and women. (¢¾) Detachment from reality in emphasizing occupational types and occupational hierarchy of modern women, types of contributory people and roles of two sexes, and activities of contributions of two sexes. The major findings concerning the lessons are as follows: 1. Division of household chores between adults and children: a few household, labor and caring roles present in the teaching materials. 2. Most accomplished people in illustrations, such as emperors, religious leaders, revolutionary heroes, and great scholars, are male, while only a few eminent heroes are female. Results of checking deviation imbalance: 1.A few male children are oriented towards structural and household games. 2.A few female children are towards dominating, autonomous, scientific, and technical games. 3.Males occupy 8 types of high-level positions, while females occupy only 5 types of high-level positions. Gender relationships: 1. Males engage in dominating, leadership, economic, religious, and art activities, for example, (1) They have high social status ¡V emperors, leaders with revolution power. (2) Great artists and priests in illustrations all are male. (3) Male contributions are primarily in commerce, service industries, and education. 2. Activities of males only appear in a few groups of females; as far as contributions of males and females are concerned, there is a bias against female minority groups. 3. Male and female children are to some degree balanced in terms of their contributory role, but female children have less opportunity to participate in leadership, for example, chairman of class meetings. 4. With regard to contributions of males and females in occupational hierarchy, males are generally higher than their female counterparts in terms of social class, social status, and reputation, and low-level types are more likely female. 5. Male children prefer religious, traditional and competitive activities. 6. Male accomplishments are related with religion, academic, medicine, culture, and education. 7. Male children are more likely than their female counterparts to take up dominating roles, for example, in public affairs; only a few male children participate in household games. 8. Only a few female children take up dominating games; most of them participate in activity games. Omissions: 1. Males prefer affective, venturous, experimental, and competitive activities, which are usually active and dominating; only a few of them are dominated, participants, or observers. 2. Both female adults and children prefer caring activities. Results of checking omissions: 1. With regard to character, most social contributors are males. 2. Male children are dominating characters. 3. Female children are auxiliary characters. 4. Traditional females take up low-level positions. 5. Modern females are more likely to take up occupations suitable for females. Superficial work: 1. Female and male social status in traditional and modern society: in traditional society, most characters of high social status are males; they are superior to females in both types and numbers. 2. In modern society, the gap between males and females in terms of social status has narrowed, but males are still more likely to take up high-level positions. 3. Most contributions presented in the teaching materials are made by males, while social contributions made by females are rarely mentioned. With regard to sex equality, the teaching materials obviously suppress females. 4. Among political occupations held by females, only a few are high-level occupations. 5. Division of labor between males and females in modern society includes household, tool, labor, economic, caring, and females primarily take up household, caring roles, only a few take up economic roles. Results of checking detachment from realities: 1. With regard to occupational types, females are more likely to take up science and economics fields. 2. With regard to occupational types, males are more likely to be high-tech personnel, bank shareholders, medical doctors, teachers. They are more likely to hold high-level positions in 13 occupations, while females hold only positions in six types. 3. In modern occupational types, males and females are getting close, but males are still superior to their female counterparts in terms of occupational positions. The major findings concerning the exercises are as follows: With regard to exercises, only the question texts with relation to sex awareness appearing in questions after lessons were checked. In most cases, there appear language bias and cultural bias. In question texts, single gender was used to cover both sexes, and single topics were used as perspectives. The exercises ignore the problem of females being discriminated, and the social contributions, social development and status of females are omitted. Keywords: gender consciousness ideology, social science material in the Elementary school

With dual-career couples comprising the most common family type, it is important for mental health professionals, employers, and policy makers to understand the unique challenges of this population (Haddock et al., 2001; Saginak & Saginak, 2005.) Numerous researchers have studied the consequences of family and work role strain for dual-career couples. However, when dual-career couples are able to share responsibilities and negotiate degendered roles they experience the benefits of dual-career couples. The literature clearly supports the importance of egalitarian roles for marital satisfaction and life satisfaction of dual-career couples. While researchers have studied social role strain, gender role strain, marital satisfaction, and life satisfaction and discussed the importance of degendered roles and responsibilities for dual-career couples, no studies have examined gender ideology. Saginak and Saginak (2005) called for researchers to investigate how gender ideologies and the gender socialization process perpetuate the challenges faced by dual-career couples in balancing work and family. This study investigated the associations between gender ideology and gender role strain, job-family role strain, marital satisfaction, and life satisfaction among 70 individual members of dual-career couples. A multivariate analysis of variance was utilized to investigate the relationship between gender ideology and the criterion measures. Gender ideology was partially associated with gender role strain with the androgynous gender ideology group scoring significantly lower on gender role strain than the masculine or undifferentiated gender ideology groups but not significantly lower than the feminine gender ideology group. Gender ideology was not associated with job-family role strain or marital satisfaction. In addition, gender ideology was also partially associated with life satisfaction with the androgynous gender ideology group scoring significantly higher on quality of life than the masculine or undifferentiated gender ideology groups but not significantly higher than the feminine gender ideology group. Thus, the current study indicates there are partial associations between gender ideology and gender role strain and life satisfaction for dual-career couples. Mental health professionals, employers, and policy makers working with dual-career couples should assess the socially constructed gender norms and expectations internalized by individuals into a gender ideology as the possible source of challenges experienced by the dual-career couple.

Since Deng Xiaoping implemented the ¡§reform and open-up¡¨ policy in 1978, the world has been greatly influenced during these 30 years. ¡§The Chinese phenomenon¡¨ is deeply affecting the international politics and economics. All those results are thought to be connected to the trend of globalization. As the development of political ideology is firmly related to the lasting of Chinese Communist Party¡¦s political power, Chinese Communist Party¡¦s political ideology is inevitably to act and transform in different ways according to whatever the situations are. By doing this way, the Chinese Communist Party can rule the country smoothly and have a successful development of it. Because it is so important that none of the ¡§China studies¡¨ academic circle can neglect it nowadays. Through ¡§A Research on the Developmental Trend of Contemporary Chinese Marxism¡¨, everyone will be able to have a better understanding in China¡¦s rising and its future. After the Hu -Wen system came to be recognized in 2003, they advocated gradually to ¡§the scientific view of development¡¨ based on humane essence, not just focused on the economic development. They also strengthened the steady stability on politics and the collective democracy. Does it imply that, from now on, the China¡¦s policy will incline gradually towards the centre-left? Or is this ¡§the third way¡¨ of the Republic of China? People in the world are all waiting to see what it will be in the future!

My thesis aims to explore the conflict between bourgeois and romance ideologies in Charlotte Lennox¡¦s The Female Quixote in terms of women¡¦s reading, power, and marriage in the eighteenth century. In chapter one, I focus on Arabella¡¦s access to romantic fantasies, offering an overview of women¡¦s position and reading in bourgeois society. Through examining the society¡¦s attitude to and concerns with reading, we can see that in the bourgeois ideal women are voiceless and restrained within the domestic domain, the one that offers no opportunities for the significance that romance heroines enjoy. Also, both women¡¦s motives to read and the society¡¦s eagerness to prohibit it reflect the economical and capitalistic sides of the bourgeoisie. Then, Arabella¡¦s exclusive reading of romance makes her totally subject to it; the canonized romances become the female tradition for Arabella. By comparing the quasi-classicism of romance to the contemporaneity of novel, the discrepancy between Arabella and the outside world is clearly shown. She endeavors to yearn for significance in the prosaic reality which offers no opportunity. Consequently, chapter two examines Arabella¡¦s power on two levels. Arabella, trying to mediate the gap, constructs her romantic counter-reality with the help of the power of imagination. Arabella manipulates her surroundings to make them meet the requirements of the romantic world, which appears to be an autonomous domain governed by love, excluding the laws, morality, and secularity of the reality. Furthermore, in the love-ruled realm the power structure of bourgeois society seems to be reversed. Women have power over their submissive and constant suitors. The typical images of both genders are reversed. However, heroines¡¦ possession of power is at the expense of rejecting and denying female sexuality and desire. Therefore the autonomy and the reversal of power structure proposed by romance are actually illusive; the power only exists by sacrificing female subjectivity. In chapter three I will probe into the double-edged role marriage plays. The marriage between Arabella and Glanville can be seen as the compromise between romance and bourgeois ideologies. With the help of her manipulation of the reality, Arabella¡¦s marriage does exemplify the romantic ideal. Glanville is romantically presented as a hero performing countless actions to win his lover. Their marriage is depicted as an amatory union, which is the essential ending in romances wherein love is sanctified. On the other hand, the marriage ending also satisfies the concerns of middle-class society, wherein marriage is considered as a trade and bears an economic mission rather than connecting two lovers. Hence the marriage plot functions as a happy ending that settles the two confronting ideologies.

Media is taken as one of ¡§ideological state apparatuses¡¨ which reproduces and delivers dominant ideologies, and audience always internalize these dominant ideologies and take them for granted. Talk-show program is one kind of television genre, its gender ideology is constructed by daily conversion. In addition, inviting normal people to attend talk-show programs is becoming a trend; it makes ideologies closer to reality, and not easy to be found. Aim to understand how gender ideologies work in talk-show program, this study uses Taiwanese talk-show program ¡§University¡¨ as an example, analyzing 22 texts of ¡§University¡¨ by textual analysis. Besides, the other main purpose of this research is to understand the progress of production, so the researcher interviewed a producer and four guests of ¡§University¡¨ to have clearer concept about production. This study found that there are many topics about gender issue in ¡§University¡¨, and most of them focus on woman. Analyzing these texts, the results show that gender stereotype and patriarchal concepts are usually delivered when talking about gender traits, and in this program, they always narrow down diverse viewpoints about gender with binary opposition. In addition, discussing about love, they not only maintain traditional gender order -¡§men are strong, and women are weak¡¨ and ¡§men are superior, and women are inferior¡¨, but also use hegemony of heterosexuality to oppress women with romantic love, and exclude homosexual. In this way, women will become inferior and subordinate to men. Finally, when talking about appearance and dressing, it¡¦s full of mainstreaming values in ¡§University¡¨, and these values make women to be an object which is gazed and desired by men. Thus, under kinds of pressures of beauty myth, women keep disciplining themselves, and they are used as a product for selling advertisement. These situations make women become victims of beauty in the end.

The study that follows is a deep semiotic analysis meant to shed a light on which ideologies the serial represents and communicates to its audience. In my analysis I have used the terms homonormativity and homosubversity to divide the different discursive codes and thus see if it was the former or the latter that the production of Empire preferred. These terms have been used in relation to hegemony, ideology and discourse to fully grip the connection between production and reception.   The study consists of an analysis of the overall narrative of the serial in its entity with focus on the gay character Jamal, in relation to John Fiske’s concept of reality, representation and ideology, and then a deeper semiotic analysis of three strategically chosen scenes. This division was done simply so that I could perceive the show both in terms of representation and semiotic signs, but also the interrelations between production and audience which gives the show its meaning and ideological power.   My analyses showed that Empire is an epithet of hegemony as a moving equilibrium. While the representation of the character Jamal as a gay man may resist homonormative rules in some ways, it reinforces it in others. The serial mostly incorporates homosexuality in the vicinity of heteronormative ideology, but prefers a discourse of homosexual superiority where masculine hegemony even in gay men, is the only way to achieve fair inclusion. The preference of masculinity is done on the expense of femininity.

The purpose of this ideology critical study is to investigate the hidden content in the reform Gy11 and compare it with the concept new public management. After the clarification of the hidden content, we compare the structure of the organization in Swedish high schools with the structure in public sector called new public management. The main questions of this study are the following: Is it possible to see the foundation of new public management in the Swedish high schools when it comes to the views of knowledge and the formation of goals? Which similarities can we find when we look at the organization new public management and the Swedish high school? The result showed many similarities, both regarding the views of knowledge and the formations of goals. The structure of new public management has been largely implemented in the Swedish high schools and the schools now focus more on instrumental knowledge rather than universal knowledge based on understanding. This is not surprising due to the social progress. In a society where instrumental knowledge is requested with the purpose of being sold on the market, schools are transforming the knowledge that is being taught as well. We have arrived in a society where individuals grow instead of the collective.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the content and work processes regarding the values written in the curriculum for Swedish high schools and compare it with theories regarding the individualized society and political moralism. After the clarification of the content in the values of Swedish high schools and the work processes that are supposed to give students fundamental understanding about them, I analyze and compere it to the theories that are presented in the study. The main questions of the study are the following: What kinds of values are found in the curriculum for Swedish high schools? In general, how do Swedish high schools work with the written values when focus have gone from education and learning to instrumental knowledge, results, abilities and flexibility? The result showed that the content and work processes regarding the values in Swedish high schools are purely instrumental and moralistic. Due to the fact, that the individualized society and the neoliberal ideology do not require reflection and real understanding regarding the values. Therefore are the schools now more focused instrumental knowledge rather than universal knowledge based on understanding. This is not a surprising result, due to the fact that the public and the political discourse are colonized by moralism. This is the reaction individuals have to the fragmented society, where an alternative to the neoliberal ideology is nonexistent. The only kind of criticism in today’s society is based on moralism, which is affecting the work processes regarding the values in Swedish high schools.

This project seeks to determine the extent to which rock music brought an end to the Hollywood film genre of the musical. It stresses the importance of rock and post-1960s popular music scholarship to film studies and vice-versa. Both objects of popular music inquiry remain relatively unexamined within film studies. But while the value of film studies to popular music scholarship has been much more widely acknowledged, much more work remains in these areas. Therefore, this project will look at the workings of rock ideology and how it impacted the development of the Hollywood musical. It will also examine recording technology and the ways in which it transformed both the film and music industries. The second half of this project is an extended analysis of how Hollywood films of the post-rock era (1970 onward) have reflected these changes. It theorizes that it was not so much the musical that “died” in this era as it was a particular kind of musical number – the Spontaneous Outburst of Song. The later chapters use the concept of mode as opposed to genre to examine how the pleasures offered by the musical of the classical Hollywood era remain available albeit in different guises and genres. Furthermore, these pleasures are capable of fostering the kinds of communities, if not utopias, that some scholars claim have died along with the classical Hollywood era. / text

In recent years, the issue of sexual harassment in Egyptian society has attracted a significant amount of media attention in the form of newspaper articles, academic studies, television discussion programs, social media campaigns, and blog posts. In this thesis, I examine the language used in samples taken from television discussion programs and videoblogs in which Arabic speakers directly address the topic of sexual harassment, which I term sexual harassment discourse. I analyze the linguistic characteristics of this discourse, with the aim of discovering how speakers make use of various linguistic tools to achieve a targeted reaction or desired response in their audience. I will demonstrate how these tools allow speakers to both achieve an emotional connection with their audience, which I term empathy, or to place themselves within a power hierarchy, which I term legitimacy. Ultimately, I will show that sexual harassment discourse is indicative of an emergent and innovative new kind of public discourse in Egypt. / text