Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northeastern University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 420-452). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northeastern University, 2009. / Title from title page (viewed Aug. 5, 2009). Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Law, Policy and Society Program. Includes bibliographical references.

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Architectures are one of the links in representing characteristics of a place. Through architectural style, one may know about the living standard of local residents, general capacity and disposition of citizens, and potency of a local government. In many public occasions, illegal constructions are being crowned as ¡§tumor of a city¡¨ and even being given labels of interfering public safety, influencing public hygiene and damaging city appearance, etc. It seems that ¡§Illegal Construction¡¨ is equivalent to ¡§opportunistic¡¨ and ¡§lawless¡¨. Tearing down of illegal constructions has already been a policy for decades; however, the government all along has not been successful in restraining the existence of these constructions effectively, not to mention restoring city landscape and maintaining public safety. In addition, continuous increasing of the handling cost is also a perplexing issue to the government. Referring to the definitions, differentiation and identity establishment, handling procedure, statute basis, property protection, and general situation of how illegal constructions are handled in Taiwan area, this research clearly catches on the actual situation of Taiwan¡¦s existing problem. Taking Kaohsiung City¡¦s projects on fighting and control illegal constructions as examples, the analysis are based on legal, social, economic and law enforcing perspectives with assistance of survey results, attempts to seek out the basic problem of illegal constructions and definition of ¡§general public¡¦s identification of illegal constructions¡¨. It is expected that different opinions and solutions be provided: Management of illegal constructions should break away from the traditional ideas of ¡§it is the government¡¦s responsibility to enforce on tearing down buildings constructed without license¡¨. The owners should be obligated to dismantle the object and restore to its original form, and if violated again, the owners may have to pay a fine until the original form is restored. Since each region has its unique situation of illegal constructions, establishment and amendment of a centralized regulation will not be practical. It is suggested that a municipal statue be adopted to govern illegal constructions in each region. Concepts such as ¡§stringent check on new land or metropolitan design and control area¡¨, ¡§effective control and management of illegal constructions in existing communities¡¨, ¡§establish sunset clause and set a deadline or to operate in coordination with sewage pipeline project and give guidance and assistance to improve the situation¡¨, ¡§effective management of general public¡¦s identification of illegal constructions¡¨ and ¡§housing tax be levied on illegal constructions to increase treasury revenue¡¨ shall be included in the municipal statue to fit in the city¡¦s best interest and to be on an equality, so as to be accepted by general publics. A public opinion based and supported local law may serve as resolution for executive bodies and will initiate a new page for handling illegal constructions in the future.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit te Groningen.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Leicester in association with School of Professional and Continuing Education, University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 154-163) Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris.

This thesis examines the impact of illegal U.S. arms transfers upon recipient nations' war fighting capabilities and upon the American national security. Data were gathered primarily from U.S. District Court records and interviews with U.S. governmental officials from intelligence services and the Departments of Commerce, Justice and State. An investigation of the illicit arms transfers to Iran formed the basis of conclusions reached. Additionally, policy recommendations are provided to enhance the governmental detection and investigation of illegal export violations. The viability of utilizing court documents as intelligence tools for measuring military capabilities is assessed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.