Η αυθαίρετη δόμηση στην Ελλάδα ιστορικά αποτελεί ένα φαινόμενο που έχει αρχίσει να επισημαίνεται ως κοινωνικό και πολεοδομικό ζήτημα από το 1923 και φτάνει έως τις μέρες μας. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως σκοπό να ερευνήσει τους λόγους που οδήγησαν στην εμφάνιση της αυθαίρετης δόμησης, καθώς, τον ρόλο που έπαιξε το Ελληνικό κράτος στην εμφάνιση και την συνέχιση του φαινομένου μέχρι σήμερα, την άποψη των μηχανικών για την αυθαίρετη δόμηση και τους τρόπους που αντιμετωπίζεται από την πολιτεία. Ειδικότερα η διπλωματική αποτελείται από δύο ενότητες. Η πρώτη ενότητα είναι η βιβλιογραφική έρευνα της διπλωματικής, αποτελούμενη από τρία κεφάλαια (2,3,4). Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο είναι μια εισαγωγή στην οποία δίνεται ο ορισμός του αυθαίρετου κτίσματος, καθώς και οι κατηγορίες των αυθαιρεσιών που υπάρχουν. Επίσης δίνεται η στοχοθεσία και η μεθοδολογία της πτυχιακής. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αποτελεί μία ιστορική αναδρομή από το 1923 μέχρι σήμερα, αναφέροντας στοιχεία για τον πληθυσμό και την ανεργία. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο αναφέρονται όλοι οι Νόμοι, Προεδρικά Διατάγματα που σχετίζονται με την αυθαίρετη δόμηση. Οι δύο βασικοί νόμοι περί νομιμοποίησης αυθαιρέτων αναλύονται στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τους οικονομικούς δείκτες και τις πολιτικές εξελίξεις των περιόδων που δημοσιεύτηκαν. Η δεύτερη ενότητα είναι η έρευνα πεδίου (η απόψεις των μηχανικών για την αυθαίρετη δόμηση) αποτελούμενη από τρία κεφάλαια (5,6,7). Το πέμπτο κεφάλαιο περιέχει την ερευνητική μεθοδολογία, το έκτο την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων και το έβδομο τα συμπεράσματα. (Στα παραρτήματα της διπλωματικής ο αναγνώστης μπορεί να βρει την ιστορία της Νέας Ιωνίας, τους νόμους των αυθαιρέτων και το ερωτηματολόγιο της έρευνας). / The illegal construction in Greece is a historical phenomenon that has begun to be identified as social and urban issue from 1923 and up to the present day. This thesis aims to investigate the reasons for the emergence of illegal building, and the role played by the Greek state to the onset and continuation of the phenomenon to date, in terms of engineering for illegal construction and the ways handled by the state. In particular, the thesis consists of two parts. The first section is a literature survey of the diplomatic, consisting of three chapters (2,3,4). The first chapter is an introduction that is the definition of arbitrary structure, and the types of abuses that exist. Also given the targeting and methodology of the thesis. The second chapter is a flashback from 1923 until today, citing data on population and unemployment. The third chapter presents all Laws, Presidential Decrees related to illegal construction. The two basic laws on money arbitrary analyzed in the fourth chapter, taking into account economic indicators and political developments of the journal. The second section is the research field (the views of engineers to construct arbitrary) consisting of three chapters. The fifth chapter contains the research methodology, the sixth analyze the results and the conclusions of the seventh.

After the fall of communism in Eastern and Southeastern Europe in 1989 the countries that had been under socialist rule underwent a process of political, economical and social reforms and changes. These changes also had a major impact on the process of urban planning; creating a disruption in previously held planning ideas and patterns and causing a brake with the former planning system. In this context new approaches to planning arose, as did new challenges and problems, such as the phenomenon of informal and unplanned settlements. This study seeks to give some answers to the origins and causes of the development of informal settlements in Belgrade as well as inquiring how planning authorities are currently dealing with the problem in light of the large-scale new construction project Belgrade Waterfront. The data was collected using an inductive, qualitative approach through interviews, observations and by examining secondary sources on the topic. The results indicate a city still struggling with finding a functional planning system, scarred by wars, sanctions and an ongoing refugee crisis and with a government that too often prioritizes grand building projects over meeting the needs of its citizens.

The ashwaiyat or informal areas in contemporary Egypt are vast residential areas built during the last several decades without any means of regulation or following principles of physical planning. They gradually came to existence because of the continuing migration from the countryside to cities and by natural population growth. The newcomers, who were not able to find adequate housing in accordance with their economic possibilities, started to build their houses on private agricultural land which was not intended for building purposes, or on state desert land, to which they had no legal tenure rights. Any infrastructure in such areas was constructed relying solely on self-help. Despite the fact that the ashwaiyat phenomenon has grown substantially, it has not been addressed nor treated officialy until recently. Firstly, the formation and growth of the informal settlements with a focus on Egypt's capital, Cairo, is discussed. Further analyses are made regarding the hardships and poverty endured by its inhabitants using tangible evidence to illustrate specifics and everyday reality in some of Egypt's ashwaiyat. It shows that the informal areas are not homogenous and that they represent various living conditions. The purpose of this paper, aside from summarizing the development, is to potentially...