Submitted by Rodolfo de Niro Gazola null (rngazola@gmail.com) on 2018-01-17T15:00:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gazola_rn_dr_ilha.pdf: 2617484 bytes, checksum: d2a2e8e5c35719fb2f8767697f233618 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-01-17T15:45:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gazola_rn_dr_ilha.pdf: 2617484 bytes, checksum: d2a2e8e5c35719fb2f8767697f233618 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T15:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gazola_rn_dr_ilha.pdf: 2617484 bytes, checksum: d2a2e8e5c35719fb2f8767697f233618 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As áreas de cultivo do eucalipto têm ocupado novas regiões do Brasil, sendo que o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul lidera esta expansão. Nessas novas áreas, a condição edafoclimática é um fator limitante ao desenvolvimento dessa cultura, pois os solos do bioma Cerrado apresentam baixa fertilidade natural, com pouca disponibilidade de fósforo (P) e potássio (K), e baixo teor de matéria orgânica (M.O.), além disso, o clima é caracterizado pela presença de déficit hídrico acentuado e frequente. Portanto, a carência de nutrientes no solo aliado às condições climáticas influenciam no desenvolvimento da cultura. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica dado à importância desses nutrientes na cultura do eucalipto, e a suas limitações no solo em estudo. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Renascença, fundo agrícola administrado pela Cargill Agrícola S/A, localizado no município de Três Lagoas/MS, de setembro de 2011 a julho de 2017, em um NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de doses de nitrogênio (N) (0, 70, 105 e 140 kg ha-1), de P (0, 40, 70 e 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e de K (0, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1 de K2O). Cada parcela foi composta por 56 plantas, distribuídas em sete linhas de oito plantas cada, totalizando 420 m2. Nas linhas de plantio, as mudas do clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) foram espaçadas em 2,5 m e nas entrelinhas em 3,0 m. Foram avaliados: a produtividade de madeira; as concentrações de nutrientes nas folhas; a produtividade de folhedos, as concentrações e a transferência de nutrientes de folhedos; a disponibilidade dos macronutrientes no solo; o balanço dos nutrientes nas folhas e no solo (relação log isométrica); a produção, concentrações de nutrientes e seu acúmulo na biomassa e a eficiência no uso dos nutrientes. A adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica aumentaram a produção de biomassa, volume de madeira e estoque de nutrientes na biomassa. As doses de N influenciaram nas concentrações de N na folha e no folhedo, nos balanços foliares de [N | P], [K | Ca, Mg] e [Ca | Mg] e na ciclagem de K e não interferiram na produtividade de folhedo, nos teores de P, K, Ca, Mg e S no solo e na eficiência da utilização dos nutrientes. As doses de P influenciaram positivamente na transferência de P e K para solo, no balanço foliares de [N | P], nos teores de P solo e não interferiram na produtividade de folhedo, nos teores de K, Ca, Mg e S no solo e na eficiência da utilização dos nutrientes. As doses de K influenciaram positivamente nas concentrações de K e negativamente nas de Mg na folha e no folhedo, na transferência de K e Mg para o solo, nos balanços foliares de [K | Ca, Mg] e [Ca | Mg] e do solo de [K, Ca, Mg | H+Al] e [K | Ca, Mg], na eficiência da utilização do N e não interferiram na produtividade de folhedo e nos teores de P, Ca, Mg e S no solo. / The areas of eucalyptus cultivation have occupied new regions of Brazil, being that the state of Mato Grosso do Sul leads this expansion. In these new areas, the soil and soil conditions of the Cerrado biome have low natural fertility, with low availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and low organic matter (OM), in addition, the climate is characterized by the presence of accentuated and frequent water deficit. Therefore, the lack of nutrients in the soil combined with climatic conditions influence the development of the crop. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization given to the importance of these nutrients in the eucalyptus crop and its limitations in the soil under study. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Renascença, an agricultural fund managed by Cargill Agrícola S / A, located in the municipality of Três Lagoas / MS, from September 2011 to July 2017, in a Entisols. A randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were composed rates of nitrogen (N) (0, 70, 105 and 140 kg ha-1), P (0, 40, 70 and 100 kg ha-1 P2O5) and K (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 K2O). Each plot was composed of 56 plants, distributed in seven lines of eight plants each, totaling 420 m2. In the planting lines, the seedlings of clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) were spaced at 2.5 m and in between lines at 3.0 m. The following were evaluated: wood productivity; nutrient concentrations in leaves; foliar productivity, nutrient concentrations and transfer of foliage; the availability of macronutrients in soil; nutrient balance in leaves and soil (isometric log ratio); production, nutrient concentrations and their accumulation in the biomass and the efficiency in the use of the nutrients. Nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization increased biomass production, wood volume and nutrient stock in biomass. N rates influenced leaf and leaf N concentrations in leaf balances of [N | P], [K | Ca, Mg] and [Ca | Mg and K cycling and did not interfere in leaf productivity, P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents in the soil and nutrient utilization efficiency. The P rates influenced positively the transfer of P and K to soil, in the leaf balance of [N | P] levels in soil P and did not interfere with leaf productivity, soil K, Ca, Mg and S contents and nutrient utilization efficiency. The K rates influenced positively K concentrations and negatively Mg concentrations in leaf and leaf, K and Mg transfer to soil, in the leaf swings of [K | Ca, Mg] and [Ca | Mg] and the soil of [K, Ca, Mg | H + Al] and [K | Ca, Mg] in the efficiency of N utilization and did not interfere in leaf productivity and soil P, Ca, Mg and S contents. / FAPESP: 2014/02641-6

Orientador: Salatiér Buzetti / Resumo: As áreas de cultivo do eucalipto têm ocupado novas regiões do Brasil, sendo que o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul lidera esta expansão. Nessas novas áreas, a condição edafoclimática é um fator limitante ao desenvolvimento dessa cultura, pois os solos do bioma Cerrado apresentam baixa fertilidade natural, com pouca disponibilidade de fósforo (P) e potássio (K), e baixo teor de matéria orgânica (M.O.), além disso, o clima é caracterizado pela presença de déficit hídrico acentuado e frequente. Portanto, a carência de nutrientes no solo aliado às condições climáticas influenciam no desenvolvimento da cultura. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica dado à importância desses nutrientes na cultura do eucalipto, e a suas limitações no solo em estudo. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Renascença, fundo agrícola administrado pela Cargill Agrícola S/A, localizado no município de Três Lagoas/MS, de setembro de 2011 a julho de 2017, em um NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de doses de nitrogênio (N) (0, 70, 105 e 140 kg ha-1), de P (0, 40, 70 e 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e de K (0, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1 de K2O). Cada parcela foi composta por 56 plantas, distribuídas em sete linhas de oito plantas cada, totalizando 420 m2. Nas linhas de plantio, as mudas do clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) foram espaçadas em 2,5 m e nas entrelin... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The areas of eucalyptus cultivation have occupied new regions of Brazil, being that the state of Mato Grosso do Sul leads this expansion. In these new areas, the soil and soil conditions of the Cerrado biome have low natural fertility, with low availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and low organic matter (OM), in addition, the climate is characterized by the presence of accentuated and frequent water deficit. Therefore, the lack of nutrients in the soil combined with climatic conditions influence the development of the crop. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization given to the importance of these nutrients in the eucalyptus crop and its limitations in the soil under study. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Renascença, an agricultural fund managed by Cargill Agrícola S / A, located in the municipality of Três Lagoas / MS, from September 2011 to July 2017, in a Entisols. A randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were composed rates of nitrogen (N) (0, 70, 105 and 140 kg ha-1), P (0, 40, 70 and 100 kg ha-1 P2O5) and K (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 K2O). Each plot was composed of 56 plants, distributed in seven lines of eight plants each, totaling 420 m2. In the planting lines, the seedlings of clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) were spaced at 2.5 m and in between lines at 3.0 m. The following were evaluated: wood productivity; nutrient concentrations in leaves; fo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Venda / In this qualitative study, the research objective was to present a theoretical framework for the phenomenon of interpersonal leadership relations (denoting both the dyadic relationship between two leader/followers and the leadership communication taking place in the dyad) in knowledge-based organisational contexts. It is posited that the interpersonal leader-follower dyad (LFD) may be viewed from a systems theory perspective as a system consisting of two system parts (individuals). These individuals are labelled ‘leader/followers’ to emphasise their mutual interdependence, and to indicate that these roles may be interchangeable, based on the knowledge needs in a particular situation (in line with the tenets of shared leadership). The dyadic system is influenced by its environment, the organisational context. However, the primary focus of this study is on interpersonal leadership communication as symbolic interaction between the leader/followers in the LFD. These three systemic levels are represented as major themes in the model resulting from this study: Theme 1 – an organisational environment that supports constructive interpersonal leadership relations (ILR); Theme 2 – symbolic interaction in the LFD; and Theme 3 – personal attributes that enhance ILR. The data were collected from two convenience samples. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants in Sample 1, while questionnaires were used to collect data from Sample 2. In both cases, thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data. The major contribution of the study is the resulting theoretical framework of ILR, which comprises a theoretically based definition of ILR; a generic model of ILR; and current guidelines for fostering constructive ILR in knowledge-based contexts, with reference to the three systemic levels. The following definition was phrased based on the study: Constructive interpersonal leadership relations (ILR) in a knowledge-based organisational context is a dyadic process of symbolic communication between two expert leader/followers who mutually influence each other and share meaning to strengthen their relationship and to collaboratively transfer and apply knowledge to achieve organisational goals. In terms of the environment, it was found that organisational leaders should actively model and promote the following: a collaborative leadership concept, workplace spirituality, cultural inclusivity, and adaptation to advancing communication technologies. Regarding symbolic interaction in the LFD, the following communication practices were found to be central to constructive ILR: active listening, supporting followers as unique individuals, respectful communication, considering followers’ input, facilitating constructive redefinition of the other leader/follower’s self, role-taking (taking the perspective of the other leader/follower’s role), awareness of attribution, conflict management through non-threatening, respectful and preferably face-to-face discussion, facilitating a sense of meaning or purpose at work for the other leader/follower, and fostering constructive relationship properties such as trust. It was found that ILR may produce system outputs into the organisation that contribute to the organisational culture and climate, job performance, employee morale and engagement, and staff retention. Personal attributes were organised into personal values and competencies that support ILR. The most important personal values were identified as honesty, love or supportiveness, respect, relationships or engagement, trust, and professional excellence. Essential competencies were identified as listening skills, emotional communication competencies (particularly self-awareness, self-reflection and attending to others’ emotions), engagement skills, conflict management skills, and multicultural competency (including generational skills). / In hierdie kwalitatiewe studie word ’n teoretiese raamwerk voorgelê vir die verskynsel ‘interpersoonlike leierskapsverhoudings‘ (verwysende na beide die diadiese verhouding tussen twee leier/volgelinge en die leierskapskommunikasie wat in die diade plaasvind) in kennisgebaseerde organisatoriese kontekste. Die uitgangspunt is dat die interpersoonlike leier-volgeling-diade (LVD) vanuit ‘n sisteemteoretiese perspektief beskou kan word as ‘n sisteem wat uit twee sisteemdele (individue) bestaan. Hierdie individue word ‘leier/volgelinge‘ genoem om hulle wedersydse interafhanklikheid te beklemtoon; en om aan te toon dat hierdie rolle uitruilbaar mag wees, afhangende van die kennisbehoeftes in ’n gegewe situasie (met verwysing na die teorie van gedeelde leierskap). As ’n sisteem word die LVD ook deur die omringende omgewing of organisatoriese konteks beïnvloed. Die primêre fokus van hierdie studie is egter op interpersoonlike leierskapskommunikasie as simboliese interaksie tussen die leier/volgelinge in die LVD. Hierdie drie sistemiese vlakke word in hierdie studie deur die hooftemas in die studie verteenwoordig en ook as sulks in die voortvloeiende model uitgebeeld: Tema 1 – ’n organisatoriese omgewing wat konstruktiewe interpersoonlike leierskapsverhoudings (ILV) ondersteun; Tema 2 – simboliese interaksie in die LVD; en Tema 3 – persoonlike eienskappe wat ILV bevorder. Die teoretiese raamwerk van ILV bestaan uit die volgende: ’n teoreties gefundeerde definisie van ILV; ’n generiese model van ILV; en ’n raamwerk van huidige riglyne vir die kweek van konstruktiewe ILV in kennisgebaseerde kontekste, met verwysing na die drie sistemiese vlakke van omgewing, diade en individuele leier/volgelinge. Die volgende definisie is op grond van die navorsingsresultate geformuleer: Konstruktiewe interpersoonlike leierskapsverhoudings (ILV) in ’n kennisgebaseerde organisatoriese konteks is ’n diadiese proses van simboliese kommunikasie tussen twee kundige leier/volgelinge wat mekaar wedersyds beïnvloed en betekenis deel om hulle verhouding te versterk en kennis samewerkend oor te dra en aan te wend om organisatoriese doelwitte te bereik. In terme van die organisatoriese omgewing is bevind dat organisatoriese leiers, veral senior leiers, die volgende aktief moet modelleer en bevorder in die organisasie: ’n samewerkende leierskapskonsep, spiritualiteit in die werkplek, kulturele insluiting, en aanpassing by vooruitgang in kommunikasietegnologie. Met verwysing na simboliese interaksie in die LVD is die volgende praktyke bevind as sentraal tot konstruktiewe ILV: aktiewe luistergedrag, die ondersteuning van volgelinge as unieke individue, respekvolle kommunikasie, die inagneming van volgelinge se insette, die fasilitering van die konstruktiewe herdefiniëring van die ander leier/volgeling se self, rol-inneming (die inneem van die rolperspektief van die ander leier/volgeling), bewustheid van attribusie, die bestuur van konflik deur nie-bedreigende, respekvolle en – waar moontlik – aangesig-tot-aangesig bespreking, die fasilitering van ’n sin van doel of betekenis by die werk vir die ander leier/volgeling, en die kweek van konstruktiewe verhoudingseienskappe (vertroue, uitruilbare leier/volgeling-rolle en wedersydse invloed is geïdentifiseer as belangrik). Dit is ook bevind dat ILV sisteemuitsette in die organisasie mag genereer wat bydra tot die organisatoriese kultuur en klimaat, werkprestasie, werknemers se moreel en betrokkenheid, en personeelbehoud. Persoonlike eienskappe is verdeel in waardes en vaardighede wat ILV ondersteun. Die belangrikste waardes is geïdentifiseer as eerlikheid, liefde, respek, verhoudings, vertroue, en professionele uitnemendheid. Die volgende vaardighede is geïdentifiseer as noodsaaklik: luistervaardighede, emosionele kommunikasievaardighede (met spesifieke verwysing na selfbewussyn, selfrefleksie en aandag aan ander se emosies), betrekkingsvaardighede, konflikbestuursvaardighede, en multi-kulturele vaardighede (wat generasievaardighede insluit). Die date is ingesamel uit twee gerieflikheidsteekproewe. Indiepte-, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met Steekproef 1 (kundiges op gebiede verwant aan ILV in kennisgebaseerde kontekste), terwyl vraelyste gebruik is om data te verkry by Steekproef 2 (leier/volgelinge in kennisgebaseerde kontekste). Tematiese ontleding is in beide gevalle gebruik om die data te ontleed en te interpreteer. / Kha iyi ngudo ya u tandula ‘qualitative’, ndivho ya ṱhoḓisio yo vha u ṋetshedza mutheo wa thiyori kha sia ḽa vhushaka ha vhurangaphanḓa vhukati ha vhathu (zwine zwa amba vhushaka ha tshumisano vhukati ha vharangaphanḓa/vhatevheli vhavhili na vhudavhidzani kha vhurangaphanḓa vhune ha khou bvelela nga kha tshumisano yeneyo) kha nyimele ya tshiimiswa yo ḓitikaho nga nḓivho. Zwo sumbedziswa uri tshumisano ya murangaphanḓa-mutevheli vhukati ha vhathu (leader-follower dyad (LFD)) i nga lavheleswa u bva kha sia ḽa sisiṱeme ya thyori sa sisiṱeme ine ya vha na zwipiḓa zwivhili (vhathu). Vhathu avha vha vhidzwa ‘vharangaphanḓa/vhatevheli’ hu u itela u khwaṱhisedza u ḓitika havho nga muṅwe, na u sumbedza uri mishumo iyi i nga imelelana, zwo ḓitika nga ṱhoḓea dza nyimele yeneyo. (zwi tshi tevhedza vhatevheli vha vhurangaphanḓa uvho). Sisiṱeme ya tshumisano i ṱuṱuwedzwa nga nyimele yayo, nyimele ya tshiimiswa. Fhedziha zwa ndeme kha ngudo iyi ndi nga vhudavhidzani ha vhurangaphanḓa vhukati ha vhathu sa tshiga tsha tshumisano vhukati ha vharangaphanḓa/vhatevheli kha LFD. Maga aya mararu a sisisṱeme a imelelwa nga ṱhoho khulwane kha nḓila yo livhisaho kha ngudo iyi: Ṱhoho 1 – mupo/nyimele ya tshiimiswa i ṱuṱuwedzaho vhushaka ha vhurangaphanḓa vhu vhuedzaho vhukati ha vhathu (interpersonal leadership relations (ILR)); Ṱhoho 2 – Tshiga tsha tshumisano kha LFD; na Ṱhoho 3 – Vhuvha ha muthu vhune ha konisa ILR. Data yo kuvhanganywa u bva kha sambula dzine dza vha dza tsinisa. Mbudziso dzo ṱanḓavhuwaho, dzi sa langiho kufhindulele kha vhavhudziswa dzo itwa hu na vhadzheneli kha Sambula ya u thoma (1), ngeno khwesheya dzo shumiswa u kuvhanganya data kha Sambula 2. Kha nyimele dzoṱhe ho shumiswa ṱhaṱhuvho i re na vhushaka na ṱhoho u itela u ṱhaṱhuvha na u ṱalutshedza data. Zwine ngudo iyi ya vhuedza khazwo ndi mvelelo ya mutheo wa thyori wa ILR, ine ya vha na ṱhalutshedzo yo ḓitikaho nga thyori ya ILR, nḓila ya u angaredza ya ILR; na tsumbanḓila dza zwino u itela mbuelo ya ILR kha nyimele yo ḓitikaho nga nḓivho, zwo lavhelesa kha maga a sisiṱeme. Ṱhalutshedzo i tevhelaho yo vhekanywa zwi ḓitika nga ngudo: Vhushaka ha vhurangaphanḓa Vhuvhedzaho vhukati ha vhathu (ILR) kha nyimele ya tshiimiswa yo ḓitikaho nga nḓivho ndi maitele a tshumisano ya tshiga tsha vhudavhidzani vhukati ha vharangaphanḓa/vhatevheli vha re na nḓivho vhane vha ṱuṱuwedzana na u kovhekana zwine zwa amba u itela u khwaṱhisa vhushaka havho khathihi na u fhirisa na u shumisa nḓivho u itela u zwikelela zwipikwa zwa tshiimiswa. Zwi tshi ya nga nyimele, zwo wanala uri vharangaphanḓa vha tshiimiswa vha tea u vhumba na u ṱuṱuwedza zwi tevhelaho: muhumbulo wa tshumisano kha vhurangaphanḓa, zwa tshimuya mushumoni, u katela zwa mvelele, na u ṱanganedza u shumiswa ha thekhinoḽodzhi ya vhudavhidzani. Maelana na tshumisano nga tshiga kha LFD, maitele a vhudavhidzani a tevhelaho a wanala a one a ndeme kha ILR ire na mbuelo: u thetshelesa nga vhuronwane, u tikedza vhatevheli hu na kupfesesele kwa uri vhathu vho fhambana, vhudavhidzani ha ṱhonifho, u dzhiela nṱha mihumbulo ya vhatevheli, u ṱuṱuwedza u ṱhalutshedza nga nḓila yo fhambanaho i vhuedzaho ya vhaṅwe vharangaphanḓa/vhatevheli vha shumaho u ya nga vhone vhaṋe, u dzhia dzhenelela (u vhona nga nḓila ine vhaṅwe vharangaphanḓa/vhatevheli vha vona ngayo), u tangnedza nḓivho, ndaulo ya phambano nga kha nyambedzano i sa shushedziho, ya ṱhonifho, nga maanḓa nga nyambedzano vhathu vho livhana zwifhaṱuwo, u ṱuṱuwedza nḓivho ya ṱhalutshedzo kana ndivho ya mushumo kha vhaṅwe vharangaphanḓa/vhatevheli, u ṱuṱuwedza zwithu zwi fhaṱaho vhushaka vhu vhuedzaho u fana na u fulufhedzana. Zwo tumbulwa uri ILR i bveledza sisiṱeme ya mvelelo u vha tshiimiswa tshine tsha dzhenelela kha mvelele na vhuḓipfi, kushumele kwa mushumo, u ṱuṱuwedzea na u dzhenelela ha vhashumi, nauri vhashumi vha sa ṱuwe. U ṱanganedzea ha muthu zwo vheekanywa zwi tshi ya nga mikhwa ya muthu ene muṋe na vhukoni zwine zwa tikedza ILR. Mikhwa ya muthu ya ndemesa yo topolwa sa u fulufhedzea, lufuno, ṱhonifho kana u dzhenelela, fulufhelo, na vhukoni kha zwa phurofeshinaḽa. Vhukoni ha ndeme ho sumbedzwa sa vhukoni ha u thetshelesa, vhukoni ha vhudavhidzani ha muhumbulo (nga maanḓa u ḓiḓivha, u ḓilingulula/sedzulusa na u dzhiela nzhele vhuḓipfi ha vhaṅwe vhathu), vhukoni ha u dzhenelela, vhukoni ha ndaulo ya phambano, na vhukoni ha u dzhenelela kha mvelele nnzhi (zwi tshi katela vhukoni ha zwa murafho). / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)