Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the health insurance status and medical utilization and its related factors for foreigners at Kaohsiung-Pingtung area in Taiwan. Methods: The study used secondary data to attain the research purposes. Data from Bureau of National Health Insurance Kao-Ping Branch between 2004 to 2007 were used. A total of 119,100 cases were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was used to examine foreigners¡¦ health insurance and medical utilization. T -test was used to investigate the differences between medical utilization and personal characteristics, such as demography, nationality and insured payrolls. Regression analysis was applied. Logistic regression was employed to examine whether the foreigners used the services both from inpatients or outpatients. Multiple regressions were applied to predict the medical expenditures and times. Results: Most of cases were aged from 21 to 40, females, category 1 insured, low income, dangerous work and seeking medical care for pregnancy and maternity care. The results from logistic regression revealed that males had lower odds to use medical care (OR=0.636 CI: 0.616 to 0.657), outpatient care (OR=0.634 CI: 0.614 to 0.655) and inpatient care (OR=0.804 CI: 0.757 to 0.853) compared with females. Insured came from mainland have higher odds to use inpatient care (OR=1.184 CI: 1.124 to 1.246) compared with other countries. People had 2 to 3 insured years used higher medical care (OR=5.873 CI: 5.636 to 6.119) and outpatient care (OR=5.886 CI: 5.649 to 6.314) compared with those whose insured under 1 year. If insured period over 3 years, they would have 5 more times probabilities to inpatient care than whose time under 1 year (OR=5.017 CI: 4.664 to 5.398). Category 5, low-income insured, had more than 8 times probabilities to use inpatient services than category 1 who had stable work. Results from multiple linear regressions indicated longer insured period, came from mainland and catastrophic illnesses patients would have more outpatient and inpatient visiting times significantly. So did the medical expenditures. Conclusions: Gender, age, nationality, insurers¡¦ category, qualified, the insured payroll, catastrophic illness and occupational accidents were the determination of medical utilization among foreigners at Kaohsiung-Pingtung Area in Taiwan. Future researchers could use questionnaire to get more complete relevant factors and follow the medical utilization and health status of foreigners. To provide the policymakers facilitate the planning of public health interventions.

<p>We examine the effects of changed eligibility rules to disability pension by the 1979 Swedish pension reform on immigrant retirement behavior. The reform made disability pension in the form of basic pension available to a wider group of immigrants. By using the LINDA database in a “difference-in-difference” model we estimate the effects of the reform on the probability of retirement in the age group 40-64. We find a positive impact of the reform on immigrant retirement behavior among women. Our results also indicate that naturalization may have been a way to get access to disability pension for those who, before the reform, had no legal right to basic pension.</p>

Thesis (M.S.S.W.)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-198).

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2008.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--York University, 2000. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [132-134] of unnumbered sequence at the end). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ59166.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Simon Fraser University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 336-365). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD%5F0021/NQ37758.pdf.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor, 1995. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ30912.pdf.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-139).