Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T18:18:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE SOFIA SOUSA SALES.pdf: 1314406 bytes, checksum: cf0a23c2cfdc8d768fd9d2a3edfd3773 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-11 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the flagellar fraction of Leishmania (L) amazonensis and BCG in dogs from endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Initially a study was conducted on an epidemiological survey in order to determine the frequency of antibodies against Leishmania in dogs of both sexes, with aged above six months and their correlation with clinical variables such as : hypertrophy of popliteal lymph nodes, skin lesions , onychogryphosis, cachexia and ocular lesions. A total of 341 dogs were used in this study. The serum of these animals was submitted to ELISA/S7 ® test. The serological results shwoed that 173 (50.73%) were positive and 135 (39.59%) were negative for anti-Leishmania antibodies. Among Seropositive animals was observed that 79 (45.66%) presented lymph node hypertrophy, 25 (14.45%) skin lesions, 23 (13.29%) onychogryphosis, 22 (12.72%) cachexia and 11 (6.36%) with the presence of ocular lesions. To evaluate the protective effect of flagellar fraction and BCG were evaluated 90 seronegative animals divided in three groups of 30animals: Group I - animals immunized with flagellar fraction doses of BCG and Group II - animals immunized with BCG and Group III - control animals inoculated with PBS. After immunization the animals remained in the endemic area and they were followed up during 14 months. For immunohistochemical analysis just 06 dogs of each group were selected randomly. However, all dogs were negative for the presence of anti-Leishmania, the immunohistochemical analysis showed amastigotes of Leishmania in the skin of 2 animals, one belonging to the Group II (5 parasites / field) and another belonging to the Group III (18 parasites / field ). The animals of group I (immunized with BCG and flagellar fraction) did not present parasites in the skin. In conclusion this study reinforce the same results obtained in murine model that immunization with flagellar fraction of L. amazonensis in combination with BCG is able to protect dogs analyzed, and the immunohistochemistry was more efficient in the diagnosis of CVL in this study. / O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade protetora da fração flagelar de Leishmania (L) amazonensis sob imunomodulação do BCG em cães provenientes de área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) por meio da avaliação sorológica, histológica e imunohistoquímica. A priori foi realizado um estudo do tipo inquérito, sobre a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania em cães macho e fêmea, com idade igual ou superior a seis meses e sua correlação com as variáveis clínicas: hipertrofia de linfonodos poplíteos, alterações cutâneas, onicogrifose, caquexia e lesões oculares. Os cães foram analisados sorologicamente, através do teste de ELISA/S7®, utilizando-se amostras de sangue periférico num total de 341 amostras analisadas. Desse total, 173 (50,73%) foram soropositivos e 135 (39,59%) foram soronegativos para anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Dos animais com sorologia positiva observou-se 79 (45,66%) com hipertrofia de linfonodos, 25 (14,45%) com alterações cutâneas, 23 (13,29%) com onicogrifose, 22 (12,72%) com caquexia e 11 (6,36%) com presença de lesões oculares. Para avaliar a capacidade protetora da fração flagelar imunomodulada pelo BCG, foram avaliados 90 animais com sorologia negativa para LVC, divididos em três grupos de 30 animais: Grupo I animais imunizados com doses de fração flagelar e BCG; Grupo II animais imunizados apenas com BCG e o Grupo III animais controles inoculados com PBS. Após a imunização os animais foram deixados em área endêmica e acompanhados por 14 meses. Na etapa seguinte, 06 cães de cada grupo, escolhidos aleatoriamente, tiveram sangue e fragmentos de pele da ponta da orelha coletados para posterior realização de sorologia anti-Leishmania, imunohistoquímica, imprinting e histologia. A avaliação dos resultados mostrou que todas as amostras coletadas foram negativas para a presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Já a análise imunohistoquímica evidenciou formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp na pele de 2 animais, um pertencente ao Grupo II (5 parasitos/campo) e outro pertencente ao Grupo III (18 parasitos/campo). Os animais do grupo I (imunizados com fração flagelar e BCG) não apresentaram positividade em nenhuma das análises. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a imunização com fração flagelar de L. amazonensis em associação com BCG foi capaz de proteger os cães analisados e que a técnica de imunohistoquímica mostrou-se mais eficiente no diagnóstico da LVC no presente estudo.

Introduktion: Ameloblastom (AB), adenomatoid odontogen tumör (AOT), ameloblastiskt fibrom (AF) och odontogent fibrom (OF) är odontogena tumörer som innehåller epiteliala komponenter. Frekvensen av recidiv hos dessa varierar från låg förekomst till relativt hög förekomst. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om Ki-67, p53 och BRAF kan användas som prognostiska markörer i recidivmönstret hos dessa tumörer.Material och metod: Studien genomfördes genom immunohistokemi med monoklonala antikroppar av Ki-67, p53 och BRAF på respektive tumör. Tumörerna hämtades från avdelningen för Oral patologi på Malmö högskola. En statistisk analys utfördes med hjälp av Kruskal-Wallis envägs-ANOVA.Resultat: I de tio AB-fallen kunde en hög proliferation och en hög prevalens av muterade p53 ses. I de sju fallen av AOT kunde en måttligt hög proliferation och en generellt hög prevalens av muterade p53, jämförbara med värden för AB, ses. De sju fallen med AF och de fem fallen med OF visade båda en låg proliferation och en låg förekomst av muterade p53. Skillnaden mellan gruppen AB och AOT och gruppen AF och OF visade en signifikant högre infärgningsintensitet för både Ki-67 (p<0.001) och p53(p=0.001) för gruppen med AB och AOT.Konklusion: Proliferations index med Ki-67 och förekomst av p53-mutationer kan användas som en prognostisk markör för recidiv hos AB och AOT. Det är å andra sidan inte tillämpbart för AF och OF. / Introduction: Ameloblastoma (AB), adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT), ameloblastic fibroma (AF) and odontogenic fibroma (OF) are all odontogenic tumours with an epithelial component. The recurrence rate for these odontogenic tumours varies from low frequencies to quite high frequencies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of Ki-67, p53 and BRAF and the possibility of these antibodies acting as prognostic markers in the recurrence pattern of odontogenic tumours.Material and method: An immunohistochemical study using Ki67, p53 and BRAF monoclonal antibodies was performed on 29 paraffin blocks from the respective tumours obtained at the department of Oral Pathology in the Faculty of Odontology at Malmö University. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA.Results: In the series of ten AB cases high proliferation activity and a high prevalence of p53 mutations was observated. In the seven AOT cases a moderately high proliferative activity as well as a generally high prevalence of p53 mutation, comparable to AB, was observed. The seven cases of AF and the five cases of OF demonstrated a low proliferative activity and a low prevalence of p53 mutation. The difference between AB and AOT versus AF and OF as two separate groups, showed a significantly higher staining intensity for both Ki-67 (p < 0.001) and p53 (p = 0.001) in AB and AOT as a group.Conclusion: Ki-67 proliferation index and p53-mutation status can be considered to be a prognostic marker for AB and AOT recurrence. This is, however, not applicable to AF and OF.