WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a novel tumor suppressor gene discovered few years ago. Many researches indicate that expression of WWOX is reduced in a variety of cancers including heptocellular carcinoma (HCC). A recent report suggests that WWOX is implicated in Wnt/£]-catenin pathway which is frequently affected in HCC. In this study, we used immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to analyze the expression of WWOX and Wnt/£]-catenin pathway components in HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Our result showed that WWOX was significantly downregulated in poor differentiated HCC. In addition, downregulation of WWOX was significantly correlated with cytoplasmic £]-catenin expression. We also found that TCF4 was strongly expressed in HCC tissues and the expression was associated with tumor grade and stage. Consequently, our result implied that downregulation of WWOX in HCC might lead to accumulation of £]-catenin in the cytoplasm and the subsequent activation of Wnt/£]-catenin signaling pathway.

In couples diagnosed with unexplained infertility, the woman has normal ovulatory cycles and no organic pathology, and the man has normal semen. The period during which the implantation of an embryo can occur is defined as the window of implantation (WOI). For infertile women, disturbances in the endometrium maturation are hypothesized to impair the uterine receptivity for embryo implantaition. However, there are still no methods found to predict endometrial receptivity. Hemoglobin related-proteins hypothesized to be involved in embryo implantation have been found in the endometrium in both fertile and infertile women. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in the expression of hemoglobin-related proteins, hemoglobin-α, cytoglobin, fetal hemoglobin and haptoglobin in the endometrium of fertile and infertile women. Immunohistchemical staining was used. Haptoglobin showed negative expression in glands, luminal epithelium and strong expression in stroma for both gruops. The expression of the hemoglobin-related proteins, hemoglobin-α, cytoglobin, fetal hemoglobin intensity were stronger in fertile than infertile women. More studies are required to find other factors that may have an effect on fertility.

Prostata-adenocarcinom är den vanligaste cancerformen hos män. Anti-PSA och anti-P501S är frekvent använda antikroppar för diagnostisering av prostata-adenocarcinom i vävnadsbiopsier, men kan ha svag eller negativ infärgning av antigenen. Antikroppen anti-NKX3.1 har visat sig ha en högre sensitivitet och starkare infärgning än anti-PSA och anti-P501S vid prostata-adenocarcinom. Det rekommenderas att använda anti-NKX3.1 tillsammans med anti-PSA och/eller anti-P501S för att diagnostisera metastaserande prostata-adenocarcinom. Studiens syfte var att utvärdera och implementera antikroppen anti-NKX3.1 för diagnostisering av metastaserande prostata-adenocarcinom. Positiva vävnadskontroller (prostatavävnad och testisvävnad) och negativ vävnadskontroll (appendix) färgades med anti-NKX3.1 i Roche Ventana Benchmark ULTRA med immunohistokemisk färgning. Förbehandlingarna CC1 mild, CC1 standard och Proteas 1 samt visualiseringskiten OptiView samt UltraView jämfördes. Spädningen optimerades från 1:50-1:200. Vävnadssnitten graderades sedan från 1 (ingen infärgning)-6 (starkast infärgning). Visualiseringskitet OptiView samt förbehandlingen CC1 standard gav den starkaste infärgningen med anti-NKX3.1 och valdes som det optimala visualiseringskitet respektive förbehandlingen. Med tanke på materialkostnad och smidighet valdes spädningen 1:100 som den optimala spädningen. / Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common form of cancer in men. Anti-PSA and anti-P501S are frequently used antibodies for diagnosing of prostate adenocarcinoma in tissue biopsies but may show weak or negative staining of the antigens. Antibody anti-NKX3.1 has been shown to have a higher sensitivity and stronger staining then anti-PSA and anti-P501S in prostate adenocarcinoma. It is recommended to use anti-NKX3.1 along with anti-PSA and/or anti-P501S to diagnose metastases of prostate adenocarcinoma. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and implement the antibody anti-NKX3.1 for diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Positive tissue controls (prostate and testis) and negative tissue control (appendix) were stained with anti-NKX3.1 immunohistochemical staining in Roche Ventana Benchmark ULTRA machine. The pre-treatments CC1 mild, CC1 standard and Protease 1 and the visualization kits OptiView and UltraView were compared. The dilution was optimized from 1:50-1:200. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue was graded from 1 (no staining) - 6 (strongest staining). Visualization kit OptiView and pre-treatment CC1 standard gave the strongest staining with anti-NKX3.1 and were chosen as the optimal visualization kit and pre-treatment. Considering the material cost and flexibility, the 1:100 dilution was chosen as the optimal dilution.