Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-19T21:23:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JairMoisesDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 2752091 bytes, checksum: a67458e5ec53cdf5b5527dbdd456eea1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-21T12:44:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JairMoisesDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 2752091 bytes, checksum: a67458e5ec53cdf5b5527dbdd456eea1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JairMoisesDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 2752091 bytes, checksum: a67458e5ec53cdf5b5527dbdd456eea1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-02 / Daimons s?o obsess?es cognitivas inconscientes que dominam os pensamentos dos sujeitos. Eles s?o frutos de experi?ncias vividas, da educa??o escolar e familiar e dos traumas que marcam a hist?ria de vida das pessoas. Considerando a ci?ncia uma pr?tica humana, a constru??o das ideias cient?ficas n?o est? imune ?s interfer?ncias dos daimons. Da? porque problematizamos hoje o mito da neutralidade cient?fica. A ci?ncia ? fortemente implicada pelas marcas pessoais dos sujeitos. O desejo maior que moveu esta tese foi minha obsess?o de intuir os daimons de Charles Darwin, as marcas que o fizeram pensar o que pensou sobre a evolu??o das esp?cies. Para isso, lan?amos m?o da correspond?ncia trocada por ele durante toda a sua vida, disponibilizada pelos projetos: Darwin online e Darwin correspondence; dos cadernos de anota??es B, C, D, E, M e N e da obra A origem das esp?cies. N?o segui um m?todo r?gido. As estrat?gias de m?todo mudavam conforme informa??es novas exigiam um caminho novo. Revisitei minha hist?ria de vida, minhas experi?ncias pessoais e escolares, mediante um exerc?cio de exegese inspirado por Edgar Morin em Meus dem?nios, no intuito de compreender porque me tornei bi?logo e porque resolvi trabalhar com as ideias darwinianas. Por meio do material de pesquisa aludido, me foi poss?vel intuir, construir e formular tr?s daimons de Darwin. Primeiro, o daimon do materialismo oriundo do pensamento positivista que marcou a ?poca em que viveu. Foi com base nessa obsess?o pela quantidade de provas, e pela robustez de fatos capazes de explicar um dado fen?meno relacionado ? vida, que Darwin levantou fortes argumentos que corroboravam suas teorias transmutacionais das esp?cies. Dessa possess?o resultou o rigor que sempre o acompanhou. O segundo daimon, que denominei de desvios, direcionou os olhares de Darwin para as caracter?sticas desprezadas pelos naturalistas de sua ?poca, pois, para eles, n?o passavam de imperfei??es. Por?m, para Darwin, refletiam uma linguagem da natureza. Outros caminhos desviantes o acompanharam. A nega??o da exist?ncia de Deus e dos princ?pios que fundavam a f? anglicana foi essencial para a proposi??o da Sele??o Natural como uma linguagem da natureza desvinculada dos des?gnios divinos. O terceiro daimon chamei de migra??o conceitual e foi talvez o mais importante. Essa terceira obsess?o permitiu ampliar o entendimento da vida, das ideias e dos argumentos de outras ?reas da ci?ncia e dos saberes. Foi assim com a no??o de luta pela sobreviv?ncia, vinda das teorias econ?micas; da ideia de gradualidade e lentid?o da a??o das for?as que originam novas esp?cies, oriunda da Geologia, e do conceito de sele??o natural, proveniente dos saberes dos criadores de pombos, cavalos, c?es e agricultores. A a??o m?tua desses tr?s daimons permitiu a Darwin formular a teoria da transmuta??o das esp?cies e o fizeram pensar o que pensou. Quanto a mim, outra ci?ncia, mas tamb?m outro sujeito emergiu. Darwin e o Grecom foram o casulo que conduziram minha transforma??o em dire??o a uma Biologia da complexidade. / Daimons are cognitive unconscious obsessions which dominate the thoughts of the subjects. They are the fruit of life experiences, of school and family education and of the trauma which mark the life history of people. Considering science as a human practice, the construction of scientific ideas is not immune to daimons interference. That is the reason why, nowadays, we discuss the myth of scientific neutrality. The desire which motivated this thesis was my obsession to intuit Charles Darwin daimons, the marks which made him think what he thought about the evolution of the species. In this regard, we used the correspondence exchanged by him along his life, which was made available by the projects: Darwin Online and Darwin Correspondence; from notebooks B, C, D, E, M and N and from the work The origin of the species. I did not follow a strict method. The method strategies changed as new information demanded a new path. I revisited my history, my personal and school experiences, through an exegesis exercise inspired by Edgar Morin in My demons, in an attempt to understand why I became a biologist and why I decided to work with Darwinian ideas. Through the research material mentioned, it was possible for me to intuit, build and formulate three of Darwin?s daimons. First, the materialism daimon, derived from the positivist thought which marked the time he lived in. It was based on the obsession for the amount of proof and the strength of facts capable to explain a certain phenomenon related to life, that Darwin raised strong arguments which corroborate his transmutation of the species theories. From this obsession, derived the discipline which had always accompanied him. The second daimon, which I denominated deviation, directed Darwin?s views to the characteristics once despised by the naturalists from his time, because, for them, they were nothing but imperfections. However, to Darwin, they reflected nature?s language. Other deviant paths followed him. The denial of God?s existence and the principles which grounded the Anglican faith were essential to the proposition of Natural Selection as a language of nature detached from divine purposes. The third daimon which I called conceptual migration was, perhaps, the most important. This third obsession allowed to expand the understanding of life, of the ideas and of the arguments of other areas of science and knowledge. That is how it happened with the fight for survival, originated from economic theories; from the idea of gradualness and slowness of the action of strength which create new species, derived from Geology, and from the concept of natural selection, which come from dove, horses and dogs breeders as well as farmers. The mutual action of these three daimons allowed Darwin to formulate the transmutation of the species theory and made him think what he thought. As for me, another science but also another subject emerged. Darwin and the GRECOM were the cocoon which conducted my transformation towards the Biology of complexity.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T12:20:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HelidaSallesSantos_TESE.pdf: 6177162 bytes, checksum: 3e3935ed1c0efa5f16f7de60ceabc0ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-17T15:49:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HelidaSallesSantos_TESE.pdf: 6177162 bytes, checksum: 3e3935ed1c0efa5f16f7de60ceabc0ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T15:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HelidaSallesSantos_TESE.pdf: 6177162 bytes, checksum: 3e3935ed1c0efa5f16f7de60ceabc0ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de introduzir uma nova classe de medidas de inclus?o difusa entre conjuntos difusos. Esta nova abordagem foi baseada nas axiomatiza??es mais conhecidas com a vantagem de utilizar o m?todo de constru??o de tais medidas agregando os operadores de implica??o. Esses operadores satisfazem algumas propriedades que t?m sido amplamente investigadas na literatura, de forma que, por exemplo, a medida de inclus?o proposta por Goguen torna-se um caso particular da nossa proposta de medida de inclus?o. Apresentamos tamb?m diferentes m?todos de constru??o utilizando automorfismos e provamos que com tais medidas podemos construir n?o s? medidas de entropia, mas tamb?m dist?ncias, fun??es p?nalti e medidas de similaridade entre conjuntos difusos. / The idea of inclusion for fuzzy sets was firstly introduced by L. Zadeh in 1965 and since then many other studies proposed alternatives to indicate a degree to which a fuzzy set is included into another fuzzy set, called an inclusion degree or a subsethood measure. In this work we present a new class of fuzzy subsethood measures between fuzzy sets. We introduce a new definition of a fuzzy subsethood measure as an intersection of other axiomatizations by aggregating fuzzy implication operators. We also provide some construction methods to obtain these fuzzy subsethood measures. With our approach we recover some of the classical measures which have been discussed in the literature, as the one given by Goguen. We also show how we can use our developments to generate fuzzy entropies, fuzzy distances, penalty functions and similarity measures. Finally we study some fuzzy indexes generated from this new class of fuzzy subsethood measures.