Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008. / Title from file title page. Brian J. Dew, committee chair; Kris Varjas, Barbara Gormley, Catherine Cadenhead, Leslie Jackson, committee members. Electronic text (169 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-139).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 419-488). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The number of women incarcerated in Canadian federal penitentiaries and segregation units has steadily increased over the last decade. Out of the total admissions to segregation, Indigenous women are over-represented, accounting for 31% of the cases (Office of the Correctional Investigator, 2015). To address issues of inequity and social injustice exemplified through the over-representation of women, especially Indigenous women, in segregation, this thesis provides an Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) which examines the experience of federally sentenced women as documented in reports published by the Office of the Correctional Investigator and statements published by the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association. I explore the gendered and racialized ways in which the CSC interprets the behaviours, attitudes, and even personalities of the women they place in segregation. Through examining mental health, gender and culturally responsive policy within the context of risk/need management, I conclude that the CSC does not protect marginalized women via policy, but rather converts the needs of marginalized groups into risks to be managed. Through omitting any mention of the intersecting social locations that shape women’s experiences, the CSC perpetuates a ‘one-size-fits-all’ understanding that fails to disrupt the stigmatization and over surveillance of ‘unfeminine’ and racialized women. I identify and examine alternative policy responses and solutions by developing a strategic plan specifically aimed at producing the social and structural changes necessary to reduce inequities and promote social justice. The steps in the strategic plan reflect current priorities of the government, CSC, academics, and legal/medical professionals.

No description available.

Juvenile crime and juvenile criminals are the focus of one key area of society. Criminal acts are commited by youth especially in big towns and cities and they are accompanied by increasing manifestations of aggression. The number of juvenile crimes commited under the influence of narcotics and psychotropic substances continues to rise. There was an important moment when a specific law, no. 218/2003 Sb. Which regards the responsibility of juveniles for unlawful acts and also the judicial system concerning youth, was enacted. Juveniles perceive imprisonment on a significantly worse scale than adults do. Therefore, it is quite possible to influence juveniles in a more positive way by means of a suitable penological and pedagogical approach. Placing juveniles under arrest, their eventual conviction and their eventual imprisonment and confinement is the last solution. This thesis focuses on the research of how juveniles perceive their arrest as they within the Czech prison system. The data was gained by means of the qualitative research method with the use of a half-standardized interview. These interviews took place with ten men, who spent time under arrest as juveniles or young adults (up to 26 years of age). The goal of the diploma thesis was to map the situation of the arrest solution problems due to juvenile criminal activities, to answer some research questions and to eventually offer an optimized solution. These goals have been reached. The findings of this thesis can be beneficial for everybody who deals with the problems of juvenile crime and juvenile criminals. The recorded interviews, which describe the cause, the progress and the results of crime and criminals, as well as the execution of the arrests are of particular importance.

The subject of this thesis is criminal justice policy. It focusses on diversion, that is, alternatives to the court system. I argue that the current criminal justice system, which is rooted in retributive principles, has shortfalls which are of such a degree that it makes sense to consider alternatives. A new movement in criminal justice policy, restorative justice, reflects a theory that may provide a framework for new programs. Restorative justice is based on principles that are fundamentally different from retributive ideology and the translation of these ideas results in dramatically different programs. In my thesis I delineate the differences between restorative and retributive principles. The retributive system leads to dissatisfaction among the stakeholders in the criminal process. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate whether implementation of restorative justice principles could lead to more satisfaction and a higher quality of justice. The restorative justice theory has a strong rhetoric, as will be made clear. The implementation of restorative programs, however, does not develop quickly. There are several reasons for the slowness, including the reluctance of criminal justice officials to give new initiatives a chance to develop and to co-operate in their development. I describe three restorative programs that divert criminal cases from the court system, they are: mediation, dading, and family group conferences. On the basis of these programs I make clear which are the strengths and the possible weaknesses of restorative justice. The comparison of different programs from different countries, provides a useful insight in the dynamics of restorative justice in practice. International research and comparison will lead to understanding in how to design a suitable and valuable process. My conclusion is that a truly restorative system is neither a realistic, nor a wished situation. For a variety of cases, though, restorative programs provide a better locus for resolving the problems involved in crime, than the court process does. I therefore advise that the development of restorative programs must go on. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

Les réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement ont connu un essor fulgurant un peu partout dans le monde (à l’exception de certains pays comme le Mali, qui ne connaît qu’une seule peine alternative à l’emprisonnement stricto sensu « la peine de travail d’intérêt général »), en particulier en France et au Québec entre les années soixante-dix et deux mille. Ces réformes ont notamment mené à la création de diverses peines ou mesures qualifiées d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement ou d’alternatives à l’incarcération ou de peines de substitution à l’emprisonnement, etc. À titre d’exemple, en France et au Québec, nous pouvons mentionner la création de diverses peines de substitution à l’emprisonnement telles que les peines affectant le permis de conduire, le jour-amende, la confiscation, la peine de probation, etc. Cela dit, les différentes réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement menées par les autorités des pays susmentionnés ont-elles permis de lutter contre la surpopulation carcérale et la récidive ? La recherche est scindée en deux parties : la première est consacrée à la relative efficacité des réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement, due principalement à l’ambivalence des politiques pénales des autorités françaises, maliennes et québécoises, mais aussi à une surpopulation carcérale explosive et à l’augmentation du taux de récidive des condamnés à des alternatives à l’emprisonnement ; la seconde partie est axée sur l’exigence d’autonomisation des alternatives à l’emprisonnement pour lutter efficacement contre la récidive et la surpopulation carcérale / Criminal reforms in alternatives to imprisonment have boomed around the world (with the exception of some countries like Mali, which has only one alternative sentence to imprisonment in the strict sense of the term "The sentence of community service"), particularly in France and Quebec between the 1970s and 2000s. These reforms have led to the creation of various punishments or measures classified as alternatives to imprisonment or alternatives to incarceration, etc. For example, in France and Quebec, we can mention the creation of various alternatives to imprisonment such as the penalties affecting the driving license, the day-fine, the confiscation, the sentence of probation, etc. That said, have the various penal reforms in the field of alternatives to imprisonment carried out by the authorities of the above-mentioned countries helped to combat prison overcrowding and recidivism? The research is divided into two parts: the first is devoted to the relative effectiveness of penal reforms in terms of alternatives to imprisonment, mainly due to the ambivalence of the penal policies of the French, Malian and Quebec authorities, but also to a explosive prison overcrowding and the increase in the recidivism rate of those sentenced to alternatives to imprisonment; the second part focuses on the need to empower alternatives to imprisonment to effectively combat recidivism and prison overcrowding

- Selected Questions of Unconditional Imprisonment The presented diploma thesis dealing with current issues of unconditional imprisonment is led by an effort to analyze problems that are conncted with the imprisonment and to outline possible solutions. The introduction is devoted to the concept of punishment and its purpose. In order to better understanding the current concept of unconditional imprisonment, the second part briefly discusses the historical development of this punishment and the origin of penological systems. This section also includes legislative regulation at both international and national level. The third part examines the unconditional imprisonment in terms of length, while the author concludes that the greatest risk of negative effects is linked to both very short sentences and penalties of over 10 years. The pivotal part of the thesis is the fourth part, which deals with selected actual issues, which must be discussed in connection with the unconditional imprisonment. The author calls for the priority to be given to the problems of prison overcrowding, because without the solution of this problem it is not possible to face other negative phenomenons and effort to reform convicts are often void. The author sees the solution partly in the construction of new prison facilities....