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Evaluating the social impacts of engineered products, or effects products have on the daily lives of individuals, is critical to ensuring that products are having positive impacts while avoiding negative impacts and to learning how to improve product designs for a more positive social impact. One approach to quantifying a product's social impact is to use social impact indicators that combine user data in a meaningful way to give insight into the current social condition of an individual or population. However, determining social impact indicators relative to engineered products and individuals in developing countries can be difficult when there is a large geographical distance between the users of a product and those designing them and since many conventional methods of user data collection require direct human interaction with or observation of users of a product. This means user data may only be collected at a single instance in time and infrequently due to the large human resources and cost associated with obtaining them. Alternatively, internet-connected, remote data collection devices paired with deep learning models can provide an effective way to use in-situ sensors to collect data required to calculate social impact indicators remotely, continuously, and less expensively than other methods. This research has identified key principles that can enable researchers, designers, and practitioners to avoid pitfalls and challenges that could be encountered at various stages of the process of using remote sensor devices and deep learning to evaluate social impact indicators of products in developing countries. Chapter 2 introduces a framework that outlines how low-fidelity user data often obtainable using remote sensors or digital technology can be collected and correlated with high-fidelity, infrequently collected user data to enable continuous, remote monitoring of engineered products using deep learning. An example application of this framework demonstrates how it can be used to collect data for calculating several social impact indicators related to water hand pumps in Uganda during a 4 day study. Chapter 3 builds on the framework established in Chapter 2 to provide principles for enabling insights when engaging in long-term deployment of using in-situ sensors and deep learning to monitor the social impact indicators of products in developing countries. These principles were identified while using this approach to monitor the social impact indicators of a water hand pump in Uganda over a 5 month data collection period. Chapter 4 provides principles for successfully developing remote data collection devices used to collect user data for determining social impact indicators. A design tool called the "Social Impact Sensor Canvas" is provided to guide device development along with a discussion of the key decisions, critical questions, common options, and considerations that should be addressed during each stage of device development to increase the likelihood of success. Lastly, Chapter 5 discusses the conclusions made possible through this research along with proposed future work.

Textile-reinforced concrete is a promising, innovative, and sustainable alternative to conventional reinforced concrete. Due to their high specific mechanical and excellent chemical properties, textile reinforcements, usually based on carbon fibers, have great potential for resource-efficient, lean, and long-term stable construction methods. Furthermore, they enable a cost-effective strengthening of existing building structures. However, the resistance to short-term dynamic loads, such as earthquakes, rockfalls, or car accidents, is low and can lead to devastating damage in extreme cases. In this thesis, impact-resistant textile reinforcements are developed and tested. The focus is on the concrete structure's impact-facing and impact-rear sides. A multi-scale approach is being pursued to evaluate suitable materials and test methods. This approach is used to research material properties and findings at the yarn, textile, composite, and structural scale. To achieve an improved understanding and to gain deep insight information of textile behavior under impact conditions and impact-induced wave propagation, textile-based strain sensors are developed and used in a network configuration. The acquisition of sensor data and optical analyses of high-speed images present extensive evaluations of impact propagation and strain distribution within the strengthening layer.:1 Introduction 2 State of the art 2.1 Key considerations for strain rate-dependent phenomena 2.1.1 Strain rate dependence 2.1.2 Definition of the strain rate scale 2.1.3 Types of impact 2.1.4 Wave propagation 2.2 High performance fiber materials for textile reinforced concrete 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Evaluation of suitable fiber materials 2.2.3 Carbon fiber 2.2.4 Steel fibers 2.3 Strain sensing sensor systems 2.3.1 Structural health monitoring 2.3.2 Sensor principles 2.3.3 Preferred sensor principle for the application in TRC 2.4 Textile reinforcement and yarn processing 2.4.1 Weaving 2.4.2 Multiaxial warp-knitting 2.4.3 Tailored-fiber placement 2.4.4 Braiding 2.5 Cement-based Composites 2.5.1 Overview 2.5.2 Steel reinforced concrete 2.5.3 Fiber reinforced concrete 2.5.4 Textile reinforced concrete 2.5.5 Hybrid reinforced concrete 2.6 Derived research gaps 3 Materials under investigation 3.1 Fiber and yarn materials 3.1.1 Materials used for reinforcement 3.1.2 Materials used for textile-based strain sensors 3.1.3 Textile reinforcement 3.2 Impregnation and matrices materials 3.2.1 Polymeric dispersion 3.2.2 Epoxy resin 3.2.3 Cementitious matrices 4 Development of a sensor network for impact scenarios 4.1 Requirements 4.2 Sensor design and network 4.3 Preferred solution 4.4 Measurement technology 5 Development of impact-resistant textile reinforcements for concrete structures 5.1 Definition of the research objective and boundary conditions 5.2 Textile reinforcement on the impact-facing side 5.2.1 Requirements 5.2.2 Conceptual design inspired by nature 5.2.3 Structural design and binding development of the textile reinforcement 5.2.4 Manufacturing process 5.3 Textile reinforcement on the impact-rear side 5.3.1 Requirements 5.3.2 Development process 5.3.3 Manufacturing process 6 Electromechanical characterization on the yarn scale 6.1 Experimental program 6.2 Stage I Fiber scale 6.2.1 Electrical resistance and electromechanical behavior under quasi-static tension 6.3 Stage II Composite scale without textile 6.3.1 Combined tension-compression tests 6.4 Stage III Composite scale with textile 6.4.1 Manufacturing of CFRP specimen with in-situ sensors 6.4.2 Testing procedure and strain measurement methods 6.4.3 Results 6.5 Summary 7 Material behavior on the composite scale 7.1 Quasi-static and impact bending behavior of TRC 7.1.1 Research objective 7.1.2 Textile reinforcement 7.1.3 Specimen manufacturing 7.1.4 Test setup 7.1.5 Results 7.1.6 Conclusion 7.2 Quasi-static tensile behavior of TRC with modified CF-NCF 7.2.1 Research objective 7.2.2 Specimen manufacturing and testing setup 7.2.3 Results 7.2.4 Conclusion 8 Material behavior on the structural scale 8.1 Design of the drop tower facility 8.2 Cementitious composite strengthening layers for the impact-facing side 8.2.1 Functionalized CW3DT reinforcement 8.2.2 Specimen manufacturing and testing parameters 8.2.3 Results 8.2.4 Conclusion 8.3 Cementitious composite strengthening layers for the impact-rear side 8.3.1 Specimen manufacturing and testing parameters 8.3.2 Results 8.3.3 Summarized discussion of the findings 9 Summary and outlook 9.1 Summary of the research work 9.2 Conclusions 9.3 Outlook Bibliography List of Figures List of Tables A Weaving pattern of the CW3DT / Textilverstärkter Beton ist eine vielversprechende, innovative und nachhaltige Alternative zum herkömmlichen Stahlbeton. Aufgrund ihrer hohen spezifischen mechanischen und ausgezeichneten chemischen Eigenschaften besitzen textile Bewehrungen, meist auf Carbonfaserbasis, ein großes Potenzial für ressourceneffiziente, schlanke und langzeitstabile Bauweisen. Bestehende Baustrukturen können dadurch nachträglich verstärkt werden. Allerdings ist die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber kurzzeitdynamischer Beanspruchung, wie Erdbeben, Steinschlag oder Autounfälle, gering und kann im Extremfall zu verheerenden Schäden führen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden impaktresistente textile Verstärkungsschichten entwickelt und erprobt. Dabei liegt der Fokus sowohl auf der impaktzugewandten als auch auf der impaktabgewandten Strukturseite. Um geeignete Materialien und Prüfmethoden zu evaluieren, wird ein Mehrskalenansatz verfolgt. Dieser Ansatz dient zur Erforschung von Materialeigenschaften und Erkenntnissen auf der Garn\nobreakdash-, Textil-, Verbund- und Strukturebene. Zur Erreichung eines verbesserten Verständnisses des textilen Verhaltens unter Impaktbedingungen sowie der impaktinduzierten Wellenausbreitung, werden textilbasierte Dehnungssensoren entwickelt und in einem Netzwerk eingesetzt. Durch die Erfassung von Sensordaten und optischen Analysen von Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen werden umfangreiche Auswertungen zur Impaktausbreitung und Dehnungsverteilung innerhalb der textilen Betonverstärkungsschicht durchgeführt und präsentiert.:1 Introduction 2 State of the art 2.1 Key considerations for strain rate-dependent phenomena 2.1.1 Strain rate dependence 2.1.2 Definition of the strain rate scale 2.1.3 Types of impact 2.1.4 Wave propagation 2.2 High performance fiber materials for textile reinforced concrete 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Evaluation of suitable fiber materials 2.2.3 Carbon fiber 2.2.4 Steel fibers 2.3 Strain sensing sensor systems 2.3.1 Structural health monitoring 2.3.2 Sensor principles 2.3.3 Preferred sensor principle for the application in TRC 2.4 Textile reinforcement and yarn processing 2.4.1 Weaving 2.4.2 Multiaxial warp-knitting 2.4.3 Tailored-fiber placement 2.4.4 Braiding 2.5 Cement-based Composites 2.5.1 Overview 2.5.2 Steel reinforced concrete 2.5.3 Fiber reinforced concrete 2.5.4 Textile reinforced concrete 2.5.5 Hybrid reinforced concrete 2.6 Derived research gaps 3 Materials under investigation 3.1 Fiber and yarn materials 3.1.1 Materials used for reinforcement 3.1.2 Materials used for textile-based strain sensors 3.1.3 Textile reinforcement 3.2 Impregnation and matrices materials 3.2.1 Polymeric dispersion 3.2.2 Epoxy resin 3.2.3 Cementitious matrices 4 Development of a sensor network for impact scenarios 4.1 Requirements 4.2 Sensor design and network 4.3 Preferred solution 4.4 Measurement technology 5 Development of impact-resistant textile reinforcements for concrete structures 5.1 Definition of the research objective and boundary conditions 5.2 Textile reinforcement on the impact-facing side 5.2.1 Requirements 5.2.2 Conceptual design inspired by nature 5.2.3 Structural design and binding development of the textile reinforcement 5.2.4 Manufacturing process 5.3 Textile reinforcement on the impact-rear side 5.3.1 Requirements 5.3.2 Development process 5.3.3 Manufacturing process 6 Electromechanical characterization on the yarn scale 6.1 Experimental program 6.2 Stage I Fiber scale 6.2.1 Electrical resistance and electromechanical behavior under quasi-static tension 6.3 Stage II Composite scale without textile 6.3.1 Combined tension-compression tests 6.4 Stage III Composite scale with textile 6.4.1 Manufacturing of CFRP specimen with in-situ sensors 6.4.2 Testing procedure and strain measurement methods 6.4.3 Results 6.5 Summary 7 Material behavior on the composite scale 7.1 Quasi-static and impact bending behavior of TRC 7.1.1 Research objective 7.1.2 Textile reinforcement 7.1.3 Specimen manufacturing 7.1.4 Test setup 7.1.5 Results 7.1.6 Conclusion 7.2 Quasi-static tensile behavior of TRC with modified CF-NCF 7.2.1 Research objective 7.2.2 Specimen manufacturing and testing setup 7.2.3 Results 7.2.4 Conclusion 8 Material behavior on the structural scale 8.1 Design of the drop tower facility 8.2 Cementitious composite strengthening layers for the impact-facing side 8.2.1 Functionalized CW3DT reinforcement 8.2.2 Specimen manufacturing and testing parameters 8.2.3 Results 8.2.4 Conclusion 8.3 Cementitious composite strengthening layers for the impact-rear side 8.3.1 Specimen manufacturing and testing parameters 8.3.2 Results 8.3.3 Summarized discussion of the findings 9 Summary and outlook 9.1 Summary of the research work 9.2 Conclusions 9.3 Outlook Bibliography List of Figures List of Tables A Weaving pattern of the CW3DT