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Resumo: Nas últimas décadas houve um aumento significativo na demanda de energia elétrica e térmica em diversos setores (industrial, residencial, serviços, dentre outros) devido a diversos fatores, tais como o aumento populacional e a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Com o aumento da população e das indústrias houve um aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos de diversas naturezas: resíduos domésticos, industriais, resíduos de serviço de saúde, dentre outros, que devem ser dispostos de forma segura. Existem diversas maneiras de disposição final segura para os resíduos sólidos, tais como aterros sanitários controlados, usinas de biodigestão e incineradores, soluções que não são independentes, tendo de ser integradas. Nesta pesquisa será apresentado um estudo de caso de um ciclo combinado integrado a um ciclo a vapor com incineradores para a cidade de São Paulo; a escolha do ciclo combinado integrado é aqui concebida como uma possível solução para elevar a produção de potência mecânica, normalmente baixa dos ciclos a vapor utilizados em associação com unidades de incineração. Os resultados revelam uma elevada produção de energia elétrica, com um preço de venda competitivo com tecnologias já existentes, como por exemplo, o ciclo combinado utilizando gás natural e usinas a vapor a carvão mineral, e tendo uma geração de cinzas que podem ser utilizadas na indústria ou serem dispostas como cobertura em aterros sanitários. Analisa-se também, neste trabalho, a vantagem advinda de uma diferença das emissões de dióxido de carbono equivalente que poderia ser comercializado / Abstract: Over the last decades, there was a significant rise of electrical and thermal energy demand in several sectors (industrial, residential, and others) caused by different factors, such as population growth and life-quality improvements. Along with the increasing population and industries, there was a raise in solid waste generation from different nature, domestic, industrial, healthcare waste, among others, that must be safely disposed. There are several ways of safe final disposal for solid waste such as controlled landfills, biodigestion and incineration power plants, solutions that are not independent, requiring integration. This study presents the case of a combined cycle integrated to a steam cycle with incinerators for the city of São Paulo; the choice of the combined integrated cycle is conceived here as a possible solution to increase the mechanical power production, usually low from the steam cycles used in association with incineration units. The results reveal a higher electrical energy production, with a competitive selling price among existing technology, for example, the combined cycle using natural gas and steam plants using mineral coal, generating ashes that can be used in industries or be used to cover landfills. This work also analyses the advantages that come from a difference in carbon dioxide production that could be commercialized / Orientador: Jose Antonio Perrella Balestieri / Coorientador: Rubens Alves Dias / Banca: Luiz Roberto Carrocci / Banca: Marcelo Rodrigues de Holanda / Mestre

<p>A computer technique for the optimization of thermal waste destruction systems for various design modes, with emphasis on satisfying the air pollution limitations is discussed. The approach considers the incineration of wastes by addition of fuels to permit the thermal destruction of waste materials which are potential pollutants. The computer optimizing package developed utilizes a modified form of a NASA chemical equilibrium program, the Pasquill-Gifford gas diffusion equation and an optimization routine. </p><p>The method employed incorporates the mathematical modeling of elementary incineration systems, with consideration of the practical aspects of the problem. The final computer design and assessment package is flexible and is developed in a way that permits upgrading and modification for realistic systems. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83). Also available via the Internet.

The main objective of this thesis was to design an incinerator which was fuelled by cow dung. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the designed incinerator can provide the heat needs of a medium size farm in the north of Iran. This project was conducted to study local energy sources accessible in a farm to cut the costs of fossil fuels in one hand and reduction of environmental impacts caused by use of those fuels in the other hand. The whole system was composed of heating elements inside the farm building and an incineration system to heat generation by combusting dry cow dung outside the farm building. The wet manure contained 40% moisture that should be dried by passing through two dryers in series before entering the incinerator. An appropriate water-tube boiler has been designed to boil water which condensed in a condenser so that the latent heat of steam has used for heating the building. A shell and tube heat exchanger has been designed for condensing the steam in the shell side and warming up water flow circulated through heating elements in the tube side. Therefore there are two water cycles one within the heat generation system and the other cycle through heating elements which are designed to exchange heat inside a condenser. About the dryers it is attempted to use recoverable heat of flue gas so that the heat required for the drying section is supplied by the stack of incinerator. As the result of the project, proposed system is evaluated in terms of heat balance and thermal efficiency. Calculation shows that the system is quite sufficient to supply heat needs of the farm and the theoretical thermal efficiency of the system is about 78%.

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No description available.

Wången is a trotting school located in Alsen region in Mid Sweden. Currently they keep almost 105 horses in their premises, which produce 2 400 m3 of stall waste per year.  Stall waste has always been a concern for those who keep animals, and though composting has been a viable solution to this problem for quite some time, it is no longer the only solution. Stall waste can be converted to energy and there are different techniques and approaches to do so.  In this study the writer compares the viability of two possible techniques (Biogas and heating plant) by collecting data from two existing biogas and heating plant providers for Wången trotting school. The results show that with almost same amount of investment on the reactors, a heating plant can meet 85% of Wången heating demand while Biogas plant could only meet 10 % of Wången’s heating consumption. On the other hand, as a result of nitrogen bound compound existence in horse manure, burning stall waste in the heating plant showed a more acidifying potential compared to the biogas plant. / Investigation for Wången trotting school

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64). Also available via the Internet.