Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tasmania, 2003. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 11, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 373-393).

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Griffith University, 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Oct. 13, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-206).

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. / Appendix includes reproductions of papers and manuscripts co-written with other authors; abstract of one paper also in Spanish. Includes bibliographical references. Issued also electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix of papers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:20:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-13. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:24:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858310.pdf: 845115 bytes, checksum: 5ec5166e1b27f0663340b13817b13b43 (MD5) / O uso inadequado de herbicidas como o triclopyr pode gerar resíduos no solo e na água que podem colocar em risco o equilíbrio do meio ambiente. Para compreender os efeitos deste herbicida no meio ambiente, o presente tem como objetivo classificar o triclopyr pela sua toxicidade aguda para cinco espécies aquáticas, selecionar espécies não alvo para o monitoramento ambiental desta molécula com base em três classificações de risco de intoxicação ambiental, selecionar plantas indicadores da presença de resíduos do herbicida no solo e se ele é seguro para ser utilizado no controle de macrófitas. Para a toxicidade aguda de organismos não alvos, foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda com o mato grosso (Hypessobrycon eques), caramujo (Pomacea canaliculata), Azolla caroliniana, Lemna minor e Daphnia magna. O risco de intoxicação ambiental foi classificado de acordo com três classificações, que foi calculado pela divisão entre o valor da concentração ambiental estimada (mg L-1) e pela CL50 ou CE50 (mg L -1) para cada organismo não alvo. Para a sua presença no solo foram realizados ensaios em sala aclimatada com as espécies pepino (Cucumis sativus), tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) e rabanete (Raphanus sativus) nas concentrações de 0,0; 0,5 1,0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg L-1, a avaliação da fitotoxicidade das plantas foram realizadas no 3º, 7º, 11º e 14º dia após aplicação e no 14º dia foi realizada a avaliação da altura das plantas e matéria seca total. A avaliação da eficácia do triclopyr foi realizada em casa de vegetação, as doses utilizadas foram 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 L ha-1, as espécies utilizadas foram Myriofyllum aquaticum, Nymphoide indica e Limnobium laevigatum. A Cl50 e CE50, 48h para o triclopyr foi de 0,61 e 0,62 mg L-1 para H. eques e D. magna respectivamente, para P. canaliculata, A. caroliniana e L. minor a CE50, 7 dias foram de 4,67; 10,52 e 6,95 mg L-1, respectivamente... / Improper use of herbicides such as triclopyr may generate residues in soil and water that can endanger the balance of the environment. To understand the effects of this herbicide in the environment, this aims to classify the triclopyr for its acute toxicity to five aquatic species, select non-target species for the environmental monitoring of this molecule based on three environmental poisoning risk ratings, select plants indicators of the presence of herbicide residues in the soil and if it is safe to be used for controlling weeds. For acute toxicity to non-target organisms were conducted acute toxicity tests with the Mato Grosso (Hyphessobycon eques), snail (Pomacea canaliculata), Azolla caroliniana, Lemna minor and Daphnia magna. The risk of environmental poisoning has been classified according to three classifications, which was calculated by dividing the value of the estimated environmental concentration (mg L-1) and the CL50 or CE50 (mg L -1) for each non-target organism. For their presence in the soil tests were conducted at room acclimatized to the species Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and radish (Raphanus sativus) at concentrations of 0.0; 0.5 1.0; 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 mg L-1, the evaluation of the phytotoxicity of the plants were carried out on the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 14th day after application and after 14 days an assessment was made of plant height and total dry matter. Assessing the effectiveness of triclopyr was conducted in a greenhouse, the doses used were 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 L ha-1, and species used were Myriofyllum aquaticum, Nymphoide indica and Limnobium laevigatum. The CL50 and CE50 for 48h triclopyr was 0.61 and 0.62 mg L-1 for H. eques and D. magna respectively, P. canaliculata, A. caroliniana and L. minor CE50, 7 days were 4.67; 10.52 and 6.95 mg L-1, respectively, ranking as moderately toxic to L. minor, A. caroliniana and P. canaliculata as high or highly toxic to H. eques ...

Orientador: Viviane Moschini Carlos / Coorientador: Marcelo Luiz Martins Pompêo / Resumo: Vivemos atualmente, um cenário de crise hídrica mundial. Tal crise inclui tanto aspectos quantitativos quanto qualitativos ameaçando a segurança hídrica das sociedades humanas e os ecossistemas do planeta Terra. No Brasil, a região hidrográfica do Paraná destaca-se como região com maior densidade populacional, desenvolvimento econômico e industrial do país sendo, portanto, a região com maior demanda pelo recurso. No Estado de São Paulo desenha-se uma situação de crise hídrica agravada em ambos os aspectos. Do ponto de vista qualitativo, a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo destaca-se como aquela cujos mananciais encontram-se em situação mais impactada. O Sistema Cantareira, composto por um conjunto de cinco reservatórios é um dos principais sistemas fornecedores de água para esta região de intensas demandas e geradora de grandes impactos ambientais. A poluição de ambientes aquáticos por metais e metaloides é um problema mundial e frequentemente associado aos impactos gerados por regiões urbanas e industrializadas. Um agravante deste tipo de poluição, é o fato de os metais e metaloides não serem metabolizados pela biota, de forma que estes elementos tendem a se acumular, especialmente nos sedimentos, ao longo do tempo, com possibilidade de poluição das águas e dos organismos que habitam os ecossistemas aquáticos. Neste estudo, foram levantados dados referentes a qualidade da água e dos sedimentos de três reservatórios pertencentes ao Sistema Cantareira (Jaguari e Jacareí sendo ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A global water crisis is in course. This crisis include quantitative and qualitative aspects and it threatens the water security of human societies and of the Earth's ecosystems. In Brazil, the Paraná hydrographic region is the one with highest population density, economic and industrial development. As consequence, it is the hydrographic region in Brazil that demands highest amounts of water. São Paulo state is suffering the effects of the hydrological crisis. Qualitatively, the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo includes some of the most impaired aquatic environments. The Cantareira Complex is formed by five reservoirs. It is one of the main water suppliers of the region, which has high water demand and produces intensive environmental impairments. The pollution of aquatic environments by metals and metalloids is a worldwide problem and it is frequently related to the impairments generated in urban and industrialized regions. A problem related with this type of pollution is the fact that metals and metalloids are not metabolized by biota. As consequence, these chemicals have the tendency to accumulate through the time in the environment, especially in the sediments. Therefore, the pollution of the sediments can favor water pollution and the contamination of organisms living in aquatic ecosystems. In the present research, data referring to water and sediment quality from three reservoirs from Cantareira Complex (Jaguari and Jacareí were considered as a whole) were obtained. Po... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Dagoberto Martins / Coorientador: Robinson Antonio Pitelli / Banca: Silvano Bianco / Banca: Fernando Tadeu de Carvalho / Banca: Ricardo Victória Filho / Banca: Marcos Antonio Kuva / Resumo: O uso inadequado de herbicidas como o triclopyr pode gerar resíduos no solo e na água que podem colocar em risco o equilíbrio do meio ambiente. Para compreender os efeitos deste herbicida no meio ambiente, o presente tem como objetivo classificar o triclopyr pela sua toxicidade aguda para cinco espécies aquáticas, selecionar espécies não alvo para o monitoramento ambiental desta molécula com base em três classificações de risco de intoxicação ambiental, selecionar plantas indicadores da presença de resíduos do herbicida no solo e se ele é seguro para ser utilizado no controle de macrófitas. Para a toxicidade aguda de organismos não alvos, foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda com o mato grosso (Hypessobrycon eques), caramujo (Pomacea canaliculata), Azolla caroliniana, Lemna minor e Daphnia magna. O risco de intoxicação ambiental foi classificado de acordo com três classificações, que foi calculado pela divisão entre o valor da concentração ambiental estimada (mg L-1) e pela CL50 ou CE50 (mg L -1) para cada organismo não alvo. Para a sua presença no solo foram realizados ensaios em sala aclimatada com as espécies pepino (Cucumis sativus), tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) e rabanete (Raphanus sativus) nas concentrações de 0,0; 0,5 1,0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg L-1, a avaliação da fitotoxicidade das plantas foram realizadas no 3º, 7º, 11º e 14º dia após aplicação e no 14º dia foi realizada a avaliação da altura das plantas e matéria seca total. A avaliação da eficácia do triclopyr foi realizada em casa de vegetação, as doses utilizadas foram 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 L ha-1, as espécies utilizadas foram Myriofyllum aquaticum, Nymphoide indica e Limnobium laevigatum. A Cl50 e CE50, 48h para o triclopyr foi de 0,61 e 0,62 mg L-1 para H. eques e D. magna respectivamente, para P. canaliculata, A. caroliniana e L. minor a CE50, 7 dias foram de 4,67; 10,52 e 6,95 mg L-1, respectivamente... / Abstract: Improper use of herbicides such as triclopyr may generate residues in soil and water that can endanger the balance of the environment. To understand the effects of this herbicide in the environment, this aims to classify the triclopyr for its acute toxicity to five aquatic species, select non-target species for the environmental monitoring of this molecule based on three environmental poisoning risk ratings, select plants indicators of the presence of herbicide residues in the soil and if it is safe to be used for controlling weeds. For acute toxicity to non-target organisms were conducted acute toxicity tests with the Mato Grosso (Hyphessobycon eques), snail (Pomacea canaliculata), Azolla caroliniana, Lemna minor and Daphnia magna. The risk of environmental poisoning has been classified according to three classifications, which was calculated by dividing the value of the estimated environmental concentration (mg L-1) and the CL50 or CE50 (mg L -1) for each non-target organism. For their presence in the soil tests were conducted at room acclimatized to the species Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and radish (Raphanus sativus) at concentrations of 0.0; 0.5 1.0; 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 mg L-1, the evaluation of the phytotoxicity of the plants were carried out on the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 14th day after application and after 14 days an assessment was made of plant height and total dry matter. Assessing the effectiveness of triclopyr was conducted in a greenhouse, the doses used were 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 L ha-1, and species used were Myriofyllum aquaticum, Nymphoide indica and Limnobium laevigatum. The CL50 and CE50 for 48h triclopyr was 0.61 and 0.62 mg L-1 for H. eques and D. magna respectively, P. canaliculata, A. caroliniana and L. minor CE50, 7 days were 4.67; 10.52 and 6.95 mg L-1, respectively, ranking as moderately toxic to L. minor, A. caroliniana and P. canaliculata as high or highly toxic to H. eques ... / Doutor

Prof. A. Avent-Oldewage

M.Sc. / Biomarkers are responses in living organisms that signify exposure to harmful substances. The use of biomarkers enables researchers to detect toxicity at suborganismal level. It can thus be used as an early warning of chronic pollution. This project employs biomarkers in preliminary field research to assess aquatic ecosystem health. The indigenous freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus and Labeo umbratus are used as test organisms. Mature fish are collected at polluted and unpolluted sites. Blood, brain- and liver tissue is removed and analysed. Laboratory evaluation involves the exposure of juvenile Oreochromis mossambicus to a variety of toxic chemicals in a static system to determine biomarker responses. The biomarkers investigated include acetylcholinesterase, which is inhibited by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides and pyruvate kinase, which is a ratelimiting enzyme of glycolysis. Lactate dehydrogenase is used as biomarker for muscle tissue damage and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key regulatory enzyme of the pentose-phosphate shunt. Osmotic anion and cation concentrations are measured to determine stress on the regulation of water- and osmotic balance. Although results from the field study is variable, some biomarkers show potential to be included in a suite of biomarkers for biomonitoring, together with other biological, physical and chemical measures. Applying techniques to assess a suite of biomarkers in key organisms, produces a more accurate reflection of ecosystem health. Exposure studies with juvenile fish produced extremely variable and unreliable results. Many repetitions of each exposure will be necessary to determine significant deviations in biomarker responses from the normal range.

Benthic algal species receive elevated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability as anthropogenic activities increase the loading of nutrients into coastal waters. Pelagic species could also be responding to this nutrient enrichment. This study compared the tissue nutrient content and productivity of three benthic and two pelagic species of Sargassum. We hypothesized that the benthic species would have a higher tissue nutrient content and productivity than the pelagic species and the pelagic species would have a higher tissue nutrient content and productivity than historic data. The tissue nutrient content and net productivity of the benthic and pelagic species were not significantly different indicating that the pelagic species are receiving high levels of nutrient availability comparable to that of the benthic species. Pelagic species in the current study exhibited significantly higher N:P ratios and net productivity than the historic data, suggesting a shift from N to P limitation and increased productivity. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection