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The present study investigated counseling expectations of Mexican American clients in relation to acculturation by conducting personal interviews with a convenient sample of ten Mexican American clients. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the information gathered through personal interviews was consolidated as well as presented verbatim-style, and to some extent, it was interpreted as deemed appropriate. The results of the data revealed that there were no great contrasts of expectations across the acculturation levels for this set of participants. There were indications that what was generally stated for one particular acculturation level also applied to other levels as well. An implication of this study was that knowledge of counseling expectations as well as how they affect the counseling process and whether these expectations are being met will provide the mental health community with necessary and useful information to enhance the continued development of effective interventions for the Mexican American client.

<p> Negative outcomes associated with poor money management and financial communication prompt research that provides fresh theoretical perspectives with the ultimate goal of providing concrete advice to both couples and practitioners. Contributing to scholarship regarding finances in committed relationships, the current study examined connections among relationship satisfaction, financial management, and financial communication. Results demonstrated positive associations between: (a) relationship satisfaction and financial management as well as (b) relationship satisfaction and financial communication. Further, utilizing Fitzpatrick&rsquo;s (1988) couple types, the investigation tested whether or not the typology explained differences in individuals&rsquo; and dyads&rsquo; relationship satisfaction, financial management, and financial communication. Regarding differences based on dyads&rsquo; types, <i>Independent</i> couples reported lower levels of relationship satisfaction than <i>Traditional/Independent, Independent/Separate</i>, and <i>Traditional</i> couples. As far as financial communication, <i>Independent</i> couples reported lower levels of communication than <i>Traditional</i> and <i> Traditional/Separate</i> couples. Second, concerning differences based on individuals&rsquo; couple types, <i>Traditionals</i> reported higher levels of satisfaction (low conflict and high stability) than <i> Separates</i> as well as higher levels of financial communication than <i> Independents. Separates</i> also reported higher levels of financial communication than <i>Independents</i>. Overall, findings of the study highlight the importance of productive financial management and communication in sustaining satisfying relationships. Finally, results indicate that couple types account for some differences in relationship satisfaction and financial communication; however, future research should continue to explore this phenomenon, particularly because of the profound impact of money on committed relationships. </p>

A total of 85 adults in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area who were providing care to an elderly relative or spouse in their households, completed a questionnaire which assessed satisfaction with life and family, functionality, demographic variables, and the impact of caregiving on their lives. Various statistical analyses showed nonsignificant differences between those subjects who cared for an elderly relative and those who cared for a spouse across variables of caregiving, life satisfaction, family satisfaction, and overall functionality. However, significant differences between spousal and parental caregivers were found when assessing the probability of institutionalization of the care-receiver. Compared to national sample norms, caregivers reported significantly lower family satisfaction scores and were significantly more dysfunctional in terms of cohesion, adaptability, and overall functionality. Life satisfaction was significantly related to functionality of the family, but family satisfaction was not significantly related to functionality. Implications from this study are discussed.

A study was made of the conversational patterns used by 24 children aged eighteen months to three years and their mothers. Tape recordings were made of the mothers and the children both in a free speech situation and while they were talking about a picture book. The mean length of utterance, frequency of usage of different types of utterance, and the way that these different types of utterances formed conversational units were examined, and related to the child's age, social class, sex, and whether the conversation was directed towards the picture book or was in a free situation. It was found that the child 1s mean length of utterance was related both to his age and to the situation. The patterns of utterances which made up the conversations were also related to both age and situation. It was also found that in the book situation the mother's and the children's speech became less complex and similar in form to the free speech of younger children and their mothers. The patterns of utterance types within conversational units was found to be very stereotyped with a small number of patterns repeated frequently. Computer sorting of these patterns showed that they did not often consist of more than two items, and higher order patterns consisted of repetitions of shorter frequently occurring patterns. The mother's speech was found to be related to their child's own level of complexity, but to be slightly in advance of the child's own competence. It was proposed that this kind of simplified speech would be a highly appropriate setting for language learning to take place.

<p> The United States is the leading country in the world with the highest concentration of incarceration of its people. At least more than half of those individuals who are incarcerated are parents to children under the age of 18 years old. Research identifies risk factors that children of incarcerated parents encounter, associated to their parent&rsquo;s incarceration, and suggests that regular visitation can serve as a protective factor to reduce these risk factors. Few studies report on the visitors&rsquo; perspective on their visitation experience or on prisons from different security levels. </p><p> This study takes a mixed-methods approach to fill in that gap. Using 72 self-reported surveys collected from caregivers who participated with Get on the Bus (GOTB) in 2011 and 2013 through 2017, this study provides a descriptive analysis of fixed-responses and thematic content analysis for open-ended responses. The prisons visited included three female and four male correctional institutions from different security levels in California. Using interviews of 11 individuals who participated with GOTB in 2017, this study provides a thematic content analysis of their responses. The prisons that they visited were San Quentin State Prison and FCI Dublin. Based on the participants&rsquo; responses, this study concludes that visitors are satisfied with their visitation experience with GOTB and favor these visits, as they promote parent and child reunification upon release of parent&rsquo;s incarceration.</p><p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2007. / Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 25, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0749. Adviser: Douglas H. Knapp.

This cross-cultural study investigates the interpersonal perception of parents and young people in Lebanon and Britain. The aims were (1) to compare the students' degree of accuracy in perceiving their parents' opinion with the actual opinions of the parents. Similarly, the parents' accuracy in perceiving their children's opinion is compared with the actual opinions of young people, (2) to assess the students' level of security and find its relationship to accurate prediction, (3) to compare the two generations, the two sexes, and the two cultural groups quantitatively and qualitatively in their attitudes to the various areas of opinion. Using two questionnaires, three different scores were obtained for each student: a security score, an accurate prediction score and an agreement score. The personal security of the student was measured by Ainsworths' Security-Insecurity test. The prediction and agreement scores were obtained using an opinion statement questionnaire administered to both parents and students. By varying the instructions for both groups and by the scoring procedure it was possible to go beyond a mere accuracy score. The findings were as follows: 1. Security and accurate prediction are highly correlated for the Lebanese women students but non-significant for the other three groups (especially after partialling out agreement). Results were explained within the contexts of the Middle Eastern culture and Riesman's theory of 'inner directed society'. 2. Agreement and accurate prediction are highly related only for the Lebanese men and British men students. Various explanations were discussed of which one was found within the theory of cognitive dissonance. 3. Accurate predictions of both parents and children correlate significantly, suggesting the reciprocal nature of accurate perception. A. Agreement and accurate prediction are highly related. The possible effects of 'Real' and 'Assumed' similarity are pointed out. 5. Broadly, the qualitative and quantitative comparison of both generations, sexes and cultures are, with a few exceptions, generally in accordance with expectations. These findings were discussed within the social structure of each culture.