Community and its ties to locality have been bothering sociologists and researchers since society has abandoned its traditional organization. Many of them considered positive and negative aspects of industrial and later modern society's influence on community sense and human relationships. This thesis will walk the reader through the influential writings on the topic of community, meaning of space and human relationships. Starting with the appreciation of traditional community, through worries about its disappearance, diminishing importance of local ties and ending with complete anonymity and individualization. The empirical part of this thesis brings up results of the research conducted in neighborhoods of Žiar nad Hronom, town in central Slovakia. Findings from the interviews were confronted with ideas of New Urbanism, basically confirming role of architecture design in neighbors' relationships. Intensity, frequency and quality of interaction among neighbors are thus influenced by factors of spatial design, length of residence and busyness of residents. Nature of the relationships among neighbors is far from ideal (as in traditional community) but people look for communities in wider sense, creating networks with people from other social circles than those bounded to a place.

Kurbelová, Jana: The individualization of teaching - the school reform of the thirties in the Czechoslovak Republic. Diploma work, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, Department of Pedagogy, 2013. 78 pages (include insets). The consultant of diploma work: doc. PhDr. Růžena Váňová, CSc. The diploma work is primarily focused on the school system reform in 1930s' in Czechoslovakia led by Václav Príhoda. It detaily elaborates a Príhoda's new method of teaching, especially the individual approach to a teacher- pupil relationship. The goal of this diploma work is to analyse the individual approach implementation in detail on a theoretical and practical level. In theory, it is a description and an analysis of the Příhoda's method of the unitary and internally differentiated education with a respect to pupil's individuality. The practical level is represented by conclusions coming from the experimental work focused on theoretical rules in praxis application, provided by reformational schools. The diploma work has a historical and didactic meaning. Key words individualization of teaching, individualization, collectivism, differentiation, self- education, Dalton plan, Vaclav Prihoda, school reform, experimental schools, 1918-1938

The thesis is divided in two parts. The first theoretical part defines the term cooperation and deals with the question of cooperation and individualism in school environment. It also reflects the documents where cooperation is explicitly mentioned. It shows the influence of school culture and climate on the development of cooperation, and it studies the climate of teacher-staff, and the role of the leadership in teachers' cooperation. The thesis further tries to map the reasons for refusing cooperation and define the environment that would encourage and support cooperation among teachers. At the same time, it identifies obstacles that prevent cooperation. It is aimed at mapping the areas and forms of cooperation used in school systems and various levels in which the teachers are wiling to cooperate. The practical part contains an exploratory study aimed at discovering the actual situation in teachers' cooperation in Primary/Lower Secondary Schools in the capital city Prague and a good practice examples that present options of cooperation among teachers in a Primary and Lower Secondary School in Prague 2.