Automation plays an important role when dealing with changes caused by globalization. The introduction of industrial robots is widely seen as an effective strategy against rising competition and outsourcing to low-cost countries. With the launch of amongst other the “Industrie 4.0” initiative, automation has been put into focus more than ever before and it is seen as the future way of production. Although the investment decisions for industrial robots are quite complex, the final purchasing decision is often only based on the initial offering. Procurement decisions based only the initial price are often poor decisions since they do not consider the hidden costs such as maintenance costs or energy consumption. A far better alternative is to calculate the total cost of ownership (TCO) of industrial robots and use this as the fundament in the decision making process. The TCO incorporates all costs from acquisition to the disposal of the industrial robot cell.   The study develops, based on a TCO and total value of ownership (TVO) model for industrial robots, an operational template, which can be used in the sales process. By applying the case study research methodology, the model is developed based on a literature review as well as on expert knowledge from employees of Yaskawa Nordic AB (YNR). Qualitative and quantitate data is gathered at two customer companies and the most crucial factors are identified in order to create a simple, operational template. As most important factors, operators’ wages, spare parts and energy consumptions have been identified. However, while the development of a general model is accomplished in a satisfying way, the realization of the template is hindered due to too few available data. The study shows that many companies cannot control the costs, which are created by their automation equipment. This leads to the conclusion that with further implementation of tools for “Industrie 4.0” the model and template can be revised allowing far more precise TCO/TVO calculations.

Robotar är en självklar del av modern automation och produktion. Användningsområdenaär många och innefattar bland annat repetitiva arbetsuppgifter ochuppgifter som kan vara hälsofarliga för oss människor, så som t.ex. målning,punktsvetsning och materialhantering. Ett problem inom robotik är att noggrant skatta position och orientering för robotensverktyg. Detta examensarbete syftar till att ta fram metoder för dennaskattning baserad på mätningar från en Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sommonteras vid robotens verktyg. En IMU är en kombinationsenhet som består av flera sensorer, vanligtvis accelerometeroch gyroskop. Enheten mäter då acceleration och rotationshastighetbaserat på kroppars tröghet. Examensarbetet presenterar tre metoder för att skatta position och orienteringav robotens verktyg. En skattningsmetod endast är baserad på mätningar frånIMU:n, död räkning, samt två filter där även robotkinematiken tillsammans meduppmätta motorvinklar används, extended Kalmanfilter (EKF) och komplementärfilter(CF). Resultat för skattningsmetoderna visas för experimentell data från en högpresterandeIMU tillsammans med en industrirobot med sex frihetsgrader. / Industrial robots have a well established part within modern automation and production.The uses for robots are many and include e.g. repetitive tasks, painting, spot welding and material handling. One problem in robotics is to sufficiently well estimate the position and orientation for the end effector of the robot. This thesis aims to present estimationmethods based on data from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) mounted onthe end effector of the robot. An IMU is a combination unit typically containing accelerometers and gyroscopes.The unit measures acceleration and rotational speed based on the inertia of bodies. The thesis presents three methods for position and orientation estimation. One based exclusively on IMU data, dead reckoning, and two filters based on IMUdata in combination with robot kinematics and motor angles, extended Kalmanfilter (EKF) and complementary filter (CF). Results for the estimation methods are shown based on experimental data froma high-performance IMU and a industrial robot with six degrees of freedom.

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Determinadas peças cilíndricas internas exigem inspeção via súbito por dificuldades inerentes à peça ou de acesso a essas dimensões. O trabalho com esse tipo de instrumento exige operador especializado e em geral são medições demoradas e com alto nível de incerteza potencializada quando se trata de produção de médios e grandes lotes. Sabe-se que a medição acurada com baixos níveis de incerteza associada a tempos econômicos de inspeção são decisivos para o aumento da qualidade e produtividade da empresa, já que o conhecimento das dimensões é essencial para assegurar, que os componentes produzidos através dos diversos processos de manufatura estejam dentro das especificações. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de um sistema automatizado para a medição de diâmetros internos que simule a medição via comparador de diâmetros. Um robô industrial foi empregado como manipulador de transdutores de deslocamento do tipo LVDT e, substitui o operador humano. Para a realização das medidas, foi desenvolvido um programa computacional em linguagem Delphi, o que proporcionou a comunicação entre o microcomputador, LVDT e o sistema de controle do robô através de uma placa de aquisição do tipo AD/DA. Os valores medidos foram comparados com padrões metrológicos pertinentes. Os resultados foram efetivos e comprovaram a eficácia do sistema de medição proposto tanto técnica como economicamente. / Certain internal cylindrical surfaces require diameter inspection by means of bore gauges due to either shape-inherent difficulties or poor access to the measuring point. Measurements with such instruments, which call for skilled operator, are generally long and may present high uncertainty levels when inspecting mid-size or large part batches. Accurate measurements with low associated uncertainty and cost-effective inspection time are decisive to quality and productivity improvement, since dimensional information is essential to ensure that parts produced by several manufacturing processes lie within specifications. This work aims to present the development of an automated and dedicated diameter measuring system that simulates bore gauge inspection. An industrial robot, which was employed to manipulate inductive type displacement probes, replaces the human operator. In order to achieve measurements, a Delphi language object-oriented algorithm was developed to provide communication among displacement probes, a microcomputer and the robot control system, by means of an AD/DA acquisition board. Measured values were compared to pertinent metrological standards. The results were consistent and demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed measuring system, both technically and economically.

A production industry with many robots working 24 hours a day, 7 days a week consumes a lot of energy. Industries aim to reduce the energy consumed per machine so as to support their financial budgets and also to be a more sustainable, energy efficient entity. Energy models can be used to predict the energy consumed by robot(s) for optimising the input parameters which determine robot motion and task execution. This work presents an ener-gy model to predict the energy consumption of 2D belt robots used for press line tending. Based on the components' specifications and the trajectory, an estimation of the energy consumption is computed. As part of this work, the proposed energy model is formulated, implemented in MATLAB and experimentally validated. The energy model is further used to investigate the effect of tool weight on energy consumption which includes predicting potential energy reductions achieved by reducing the weight of the gripper tools. Further, investigation of potential energy savings which can be achieved when mechanical brakes are used when the robot is idle is also presented. This illustrates the purpose and usefulness of the proposed energy model.

This diploma thesis deals with the implementation of the KeMotion control system of KEBA company for industrial robot KUKA KR 15/2. It gets to work original robot's drives KUKA with this new system. There was a communication network built up to operate the system itself. It was created between driving system component. Next step was a creation of the connection between control case and a new control system especially robot link up feedback. Later on there was a control programme for PLC created and adjusted including configuration of drives and converter. There was a need to find out the resolver parametr to this settings That one is used to the indirect measurement.

Diploma thesis refers about design of vision system for industrial robot.

This thesis deals with the cutting of flat shapes of polystyrene by industrial robot using Robotmaster. There are some variants of the shaped components that can create by using Robotmaster. The task of the work is also a demonstration task in the realization of use a resistance wire as a tool and polystyrene boards as a workpiece material.

Diploma thesis is focused on the solution of synchronization of the robot motion with a moving conveyor belt. It informs about basic principles and possibilities of using similar applications. It describes individual elements used in the application, their importance and function. It provides an overview of proposed program codes for the programmable logic controller, the smart camera and the robot. The result is the creation of a functional illustrative application with KUKA robot.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the use of original drive on the older industrial robot KUKA KR 15/2 with a new control system from KEBA. An original control system is removed from robot controller KR C1 and replaced by KeMotion system, which is in this thesis completely described. It is necessary to choose an appropriate way of connection between electric drives of industrial robot and KeMotion control system and finally realize it by practical way. Based on communication with the control system, these engines had been assessed as appropriate. There is also a section created to the description of the control software and its implementation on KUKA robot and to creating of visualization of model.