This thesis in the result of more than two and a half years study in Malaysia between 1969 and the end of 1973, although most of., tho work that in most directly concerned with the thesis title was carried out in Malaysia in the first half of 1973. The research was supported by a grant from the Social Science Research Council and this grant onabled me to work flail-tino on the project between January 1973 and the end of February 1974. '" This thesis is prst of the final report to the SSRC and copies also havo been sent to the following organisations in Malaysia: The Economic Planning Unit, Kuala Lumpur; Tho Ministry of Trade and Industry, Kuala Lunpur; The University of Malaya (Faculty of Economics and Administration), Kuala Lumpur; Bank Negara (Central Bank), Kuala Lumpur; Tho Treasury, Kuala Lumpur. Innuraerablo people in the above organisations and elsewhere have assisted in tho research; but my special thanks go to V. T. Subromaniaa and B. Rajcoonar (who both worked as research assistants)-, to Zainal Aznw and Pathraanabbn in the EPU; to Malok Marican and many others in the Treasury; to, David Li©, and others in the University of Malaya; to Musa Hitan (Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Trade and Industry); to Professor Mackintosh, my supervisor in the School of Development Studios of the University of East Anglia; to Charles Flli. ott and John, Thoburn (also at UEA); to Professor Max Cordon and K. P. Teh at Oxford; and, above all, to Liz, my wife, who prevented ae from thinking that the research would change the world. The thocis is split into sovon chapters. The first two chapters give an'economic and political history of Malaysia and describe why and how tho incentives to industrialisation were introduced. These give tiro background to and describe the emphasis given to industrialisation in Malaysia. The next three chapters (Chapters, 39 4 and 5) attempt to trace the effects of the incentives used to promote industrialisation in Malaysia. In Chapter 3 particular emphasis is given to the incontives offered in the form of tariffs, quotas and other forms of protection, the reasons for the protection, and the relationship between the level of protection, profits and the market structure in '. ho various industries. The effects of the incentives (again particularly protection) on income distribution through prices, employment and the level of wages is considered in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 attempts to consider the social costs and benefits of protection more generally, and to look at the impact of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector. Chapter 6 of the thesis looks at the development and prospects of the primary products sector and, finally, Chapter 7 gives a su ary of the main points in Chapters 2 through to 6 and drawn some conclusions from the research. There aro a number of appendices, mostly consisting of the details of the case studies of the industries. The main results of those case studies are contained in Chapters 3 and 5 but they are likely to be particularly useful to those people who have an interest in a specific, industry or to those who want to do further research along those lines, or to make corrections to mine. They are therefore included. Those readers who would like to obtain quickly an impression of the coin findings of the research are advised to road Chapter 7 before the other chapters. But before the nitty-gritty of the report, a few remarks should be made about terns and titles used, Firstly, there may be some confusion about the torus Malaysia, Malay, and Malaya, and about the use of the word Tracoº in the context of Malaysia. Malaysia is used to refor. to the Federation of Peninsular Malaysia (which itself was referred toi until recently, as West Malaysia, but which is now officially referred to as Peninsular Malaysia) and East Malaysia (consisting of the states of Sabah and Sarawak). Peninsular Malaysia is the same geographic area as the Federation of Malaya which oxieted between 1948"and 1963, and consists of the eleven States of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negri Soubilan, Pahang, Ponang/Provinco Wellesley (referred to from hereon simply as Penang State), Perak, Perlin, Selangor and Trengganu. The maps on pages ev) and(v) should help to clarify the meaning of these torus, as should Chapter 1. The meaning of the terms Malay and race are more diffiQult to specify precisely. By constitutional and legal definition, Malays are and must be Muslims; they are the traditional subjocts. of the, Sultan and the people whose native language is Malay (p. 13, Means, 1970). For the Malays; to abandon Islam means the loss of all legal and political privileges afforded to them on the basis of their claim of being the 'indigenous' people (p. 17, Means, 1970). Because of this claim, Malays commonly refer to themselves as the Buniputera or 1sons of the soils. In Most official publications of the Government of Malaysia, ., Malaysians of Indian, Chinese and Malay origin are referred to as traces and this practice is followed in this thesis, although tethnic groups' would be a lose inaccurate reference.In this report Malaysians are gonorally roforrod to by dropping the torm Encik or Mr., though 'higher' titles are included to conform with cooion usage in Malaysia. tDatot is a non-horeditary title conferred by a state or by the Head of State and, since 1966, the federal title, Dato, has boon changed to 'Tan Sri' to distinguish it fron the title conferred by the state. 'Tun' is a, title which ranks higher than Dato and is conferred by the Head of State. The spoiling of Malay words and place names as far as possible conforms with the official spoiling as at the dato of writing (September 1974). The most cormon spelling of personal names is usod. Official statistics in Malaysia define manufacturing in accordance with the Standard Industrial Classification adopted by the United Nations in 1958- The torts 'industry' is used hero to refer to the 4-digit Malaysian Industrial Classification (itIC). The whole of manufacturing is referred to ras tho Ix ufacturing sector', and tho 2-digit cla. sification is referred to as a sub-sector. For oxaapl©, , 40 is the Manufacture of Rubber Products sub-sector, and classification 4021 refers to the industry manufacturing tyros and tubes. Other torus are defined as they are usod unless there is thought little likelihood of any misunderstanding. Again to conforci with official usage, the Malaysian currency is referred to as the ringgit, but is abbreviated to ,. If US dollars are referred to they are abbreviated to US , %. In the tables pillions of units are denoted as in. All references are given briefly in the text by author and year and are given in detail in alphabetical order at the end of Chapter 7.

The objective of this study was to determine the use of financial incentives in the manufacturing industry of British Columbia as applied specifically to middle-management personnel. Many unproven statements have been made in the past regarding the use of financial incentives. It has been assumed that incentives were often offered for the purpose of pleasing the employee rather than encouraging improved performance. It has also been assumed that the application of financial incentives in British Columbia industry was less extensive than in United States industry. In addition few of the aspects of other successful incentive plans appeared to be evident among the plans in operation in British Columbia. This study was undertaken to dispel misconceptions and to confirm conditions thought to exist in British Columbia industry respecting the use of financial incentives for middle-management employees. A systematic random sample was drawn from a large group of manufacturers composed of small and large companies engaged in a variety of manufacturing operations located throughout British Columbia. The companies sampled were requested to provide information on their actual use of, experience with, and opinions about various types of financial incentives. The results of the survey indicated that in British Columbia manufacturing industry, as much interest was shown in providing financial incentives for middle management as in offering incentives to top management and to first-line supervisors. In some companies the use of financial incentives for middle management seemed to be encouraged if the company had had previous experience with incentive pay methods among office and production worker groups. Medium-sized companies exhibited more interest in providing financial incentives for middle management than did small- or large-sized concerns. In medium-sized companies it appeared that financial incentives were being used for middle management in an attempt to offset small proportionate increases in basic salaries for this management group compared to recent pay increases for other groups of employees. No company indicated an interest in making large-sized incentive awards which might provide effective motivation of employees. Results from the survey suggested that many firms relied unduly on the granting of salary increases to have a continuing incentive value in encouraging improved employee performance over an extended period. The use of financial incentives for management groups in British Columbia industry seemed to be nominal; they were offered more for the purpose of pleasing the employee with a distribution of a portion of the firm’s profits or with a Christmas bonus than for encouraging specific effort and improved performance valuable to the company. The application of financial incentives in British Columbia industry for all employee groups in management appeared to be less intensive and specifically less satisfactory than some long-established incentive plans in American industry. Few, if any, of the tenets of effective financial incentives exhibited by many of these successful plans were evident among the plans operated in British Columbia. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Recent governmental enquiries into the Canadian Pharmaceutical industry have recommended that the level of marketing costs incurred by individual firms be reduced, so that the cost of medication may in turn be reduced. The object of this study is to seek out and apply quantitative techniques that objectively measure the effectiveness of various pharmaceutical firms' marketing departments. This is subsequently related to the firms' marketing policies and the costs of their implementation. The effectiveness of six pharmaceutical firms' marketing departments was determined by two methods: (1) a ratio measure of each firm's rate of return to the level of its marketing costs; and (2) a productivity measure that permits the calculation of relative efficiencies. It was determined that the general quantitative results were consistent for either method of calculation. In addition, not only was there a wide degree of variance between the individual firm's marketing effectiveness, but it appears that firms who adopted an indirect distribution policy and a mass selling promotional policy had a more efficient marketing department. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University

The fourth industrial revolution is the extension of the third digitization revolution in terms of integrating computers and software to transform manufacturing to become green, customizable, on demand, and as a service. In the work done below, we elaborate on the information and communication technology architecture enabling this revolutionary transformation. We show the way to move forward with technology from as low level as sensors and all the way up till we reach services and customization. All this work is done under the roof of a learning factory establishment, which yields the way for not only knowledge transfer and hands-on experience, but also research and development in collaboration with market-leading software, hardware, communication, and manufacturing companies. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2999-01-01

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2999-01-01

No description available.

by Wong Ka-pang. / Bibliography : leaves 90-91 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.