This research explores the evolution of risk management practices, from traditional to enterprise risk management (ERM), in Iran's automotive industry. It also investigates the alignment of ERM and performance management, and their mutual impact. Academic and industry studies reveal that throughout recent decades there has been an increasing interest into ERM development and its alignment with performance management. However, despite the increase in ERM adoption over recent years, ERM is still in the early stages of implementation and requires further research and development. Moreover, a literature review revealed that the literature in respect of the alignment of ERM with performance management is limited and those existing are mostly of a visionary nature and lack practical implementation. Therefore, the gap identified through the literature review led to the development of a theoretical framework within this research, exploring the main organisational elements significant to the effective alignment of ERM and performance management and its implementation, which will provide practitioners and academics with practical guideline regarding such alignment. This research was completed through two empirical stages within the context of automotive industry. The primary data were collected and analysed through a mixed methods approach: 30 semi-structured interviewees were conducted with senior managers within the automotive industry (Qualitative). In the second stage, automotive industry professionals' responses were gathered from 101 survey questionnaires (Quantitative). The theoretical and empirical findings of this research confirm that in the recent decades, risk management has been evolving and transforming from its traditional approach to a strategic foundation, leading organisations towards competitive advantage and value creation. This research also indicates that aligning ERM with organisational performance management is critical in establishing a sustainable ERM and enhancing business performance over time. Based on the empirical findings of this research supported by theoretical findings, a lack of support from senior managers for effective ERM implementation and its alignment with performance management is considered as one of the significant challenges of sustainable ERM. In addition, a lack of ERM infrastructure and shareholders' poor understanding of ERM remains as challenging factors in aligning ERM with performance management. To the Researcher's best of knowledge, there is very limited literature into alignment of ERM and performance management in automotive industry. Therefore, this research's main contribution to the body of knowledge is the development of an effective framework for automotive industry, aligning ERM with organisational performance management, along with guidance for its implementation in practice. The key limitation associated with this research is that, due to complexity of ERM and its incorporation with other management functions and various organisational elements in the developed framework (Chapter 7, Section 7-1), it might be difficult somewhat to manage at the beginning of the framework adoption. It should be emphasised that the framework has been developed for those organisations that have a good understanding of ERM principles. So, this limitation might apply to those with inadequate knowledge of ERM. In addition, the developed aligning framework addresses the challenges and concerns of automotive industry organisations in aligning ERM with performance management. Applying this research in other sectors and industries provides the opportunity to investigate the potential changes and/or collaboration of certain elements of the framework based on the business area that the organisation operates in. The Researcher recommends further investigation into intangible organisational factors, such as how critical ERM culture could be effective in alignment of ERM with performance management. Moreover, the Researcher recommends that as ERM is growing quickly, future studies should continue to reveal and correlate new factors into the current framework. It is further recommended that future researchers could attempt to measure the benefits as well as the shortcomings associated with implementation of the aligning framework. This enables management with in organisations to improve the framework's advantage and to attempt to overcome its limitations.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1985. / Project commpleted in 1984. Degree awarded in 1985.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 90 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76).

M. Tech. Quantity Surveying (Structured) / Risk is a predominant phenomenon and an inherent challenge in the construction industry; the ability to control its occurrence minimises its impact on the operation of the industry and determines the profitability of the construction projects. This research was carried out to examine the project phases during which the construction industries in Swaziland carry out risk management, to identify and examine the methods, tools, procedures for and approaches to risk management. Furthermore, the research intended to identify the criteria for risk sharing amongst parties in the Swaziland Construction industries.

Effective fireground decision-making requires good situation awareness (SA) and appropriate selection from the information available to the incident commander. Individuals can display different information bias/scope in their view of the operational incident: either a liberal bias/scope towards accepting information as true with a risk of false alarm errors and/or a conservative bias/scope towards rejecting information with a risk of misses. Such decision - making bias/scope was examined over a series of five separate studies including operational fire fighters and incident commanders. The studies included a breathing apparatus (BA) exercise, two different table top operational incidents (domestic and commercial) and two exercises for flexible duty managers (FDM) in an assessable simulated fireground incident in 2012 and again in 2013. The studies were based on realistic incidents that both fire fighters and FDMs would be expected to respond to, in the final two studies each individual had to take over command and move towards a successful conclusion from an operational, environmental and social perspective. In all the studies, participants were required to answer true or false to a series of probe statements about the incident, which were analysed by a signal detection tool (QASA) to give a measure of actual situational awareness (ASA), perceived situational awareness (PSA) and bias/scope. The first exercise was a BA exercise undertaken to identify if bias was shown by FF’s when undertaking training, the data analysed by the QASA identified that most individuals displayed a high level of ASA about the incident, but also showed either a conservative bias/scope (with miss errors) or a liberal bias /scope (with false alarm errors). The results however also show that two individuals can appear to have similar ASA, but in fact still have very different bias/scope in regard to that knowledge. Once it was established that bias was identified this was developed using table top exercises as it allowed more participants and more control over undertaking the research within normal programmed training periods. The analysis of the two table top exercises showed ASA was high in both, but fire fighters perceived their PSA in a similar way if they had high confidence in one exercise they also had high confidence in the other exercise, or vice versa. However there was no significant correlation between the ASA scores and the PSA scores, with the pattern of bias/scope tendencies being differed across the two studies; with no significant correlation. In reviewing these results the identified difference in undertaking the 2 exercises was that in the second FF’s were familiar with the process and this allow a more relaxed approach, reducing pressure on the individual. While individuals showed bias patterns within the exercises undertaken, more pressurized exercises were identified to see if this bias was consistent for the individual when under pressure. Using the assessable incident commander exercises run by the FRS to test incident commander competence at a FDM level to undertake this. The exercises were used in 2012 and 2013 using the same individuals to compare their results, the outcome of these two simulated assessable fireground incident studies were; • for ASA: there was no significant correlation: r = -.120 and p= .623; • for PSA: there was a significant positive correlation: r =.577 and p = .012; • for bias/scope there was found a strongly positive significant correlation across the scores: r = .592 which is significant at the .008 level. The conclusion of the research is that individuals hold bias/scope tendencies and under pressure these tendencies are shown to be resting and will impact (condition) the individual’s decisions during periods of operational command during stressful conditions. The finding of bias/scope patterns is an important one that may have implications for understanding errors in incident ground decision - making. The finding of resting bias/scope patterns in FDM is an even more important one, which will have implications for understanding errors in incident ground decision - making and how we can help to reduce them. In semi structure interviews with FDMs who had undertaken the assessable exercises, they believed that knowing their bias was a first step to altering it to allow them to improve their decision making at pressurized incidents. Which supported the ultimate goal of the current research to further the understanding of bias/scope tendency, in order to support the training of effective fireground decision - making.

D. Tech. Civil Engineering / Construction contracts have provisional clauses to control financial risks, but studies have shown that cost overruns are still common, which require the inclusion of additional management techniques to improve cost estimates. The research investigated, analysed and identified the shortcomings that exist within the current mechanisms to manage financial risk. A new risk ranking model that can be used to eliminate construction cost overruns in South Africa was developed. The study sought the views from a variety of construction professionals, based on knowledge and experiences within their own organisations, to explore new mechanisms to limit the risk impact of persistent cost overruns.

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Thesis supervisor: B Ravikumar. Includes bibliographic references (p. 132-135).

To solve the conflict between limited fiscal funds and increasing demands to strengthen infrastructure construction, Public Private Partnership (PPP) was introduced by the Chinese government as an effective approach to make use of private investment to implement infrastructure projects. To provide services or facilities for public use, in PPP, participants pool their skills and resources while at the same time sharing the risks and rewards. The application of PPP could not only ease the government’s financial pressure, but also improve the efficiency of infrastructure construction and ensure the service quality of projects. Although PPP produces these benefits, the complexity and long-term features of PPP projects expose participants to more risks than in traditional projects. Therefore, risk management of participants is critical to the success of PPP projects. As an innovative procurement approach involves a variety of stakeholders over a long time span, it is necessary to investigate how to appraise and recognize PPP project success. In addition, although risk management has attracted much attention, few studies examine the detailed link between various dimensions of risk management and PPP project success. This research therefore intends to fill these two gaps. Compared with countries in the West, PPP was introduced into China relatively recently. A comparative study was employed in this research in order to understand the Chinese situation and to make use of the experience of other countries to critique PPP project performance in Mainland China. In this study, a two-pronged research program—comprising quantitative and qualitative approaches—was used to test and validate the tripartite theoretical model which was set up based on Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), Resource-based View (RBV) and Relational Exchange Theory (RET). In the quantitative study, questionnaire surveys were conducted concurrently in Mainland China and other places. Hierarchical Multiple Regression was used to explore the relationships posited in the research framework. To provide supportive and complementary evidence to the quantitative data, a case study of a PPP project in Mainland China was undertaken. Open-ended interviews and the thematic analysis technique were adopted in the case study. Taken together, the findings indicated that although the facets of risk management significantly affect project success, there are subtle different influences on different stakeholders’ benefits. For example, the uncertainty of social issues and economic issues will affect public partner’s benefits while the uncertainty of political & institutional issues, economic issues and project specific issues are directly influence private partner’s benefits. To maximize their own interests, different stakeholders should pay more attention to the influencing factors that are specifically associated with them. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that individual efforts on risk management also contribute to the benefits of other stakeholders as well as to the whole industry development. In addition, the comparative study suggests that public partners of PPP projects in Mainland China could refer to the risk management experience of public partners from other countries to make an appropriate risk management commitment and better manage risks. On the other hand, private partners of PPP projects in Mainland China need to pay more attention to the macro-control of the government so as to protect their rights and interests. / published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009. / ""Submitted to College of Business in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-117)