Historic market volatility has made risk management decisions by firms in the agricultural supply chain more challenging. Market risk measurement methods, such as Value-at-Risk, were developed in the financial industry to objectively measure, and thus better comprehend, market risk's effect on positions. This thesis gives a thorough background of the issues involved with risk measurement. Different scenarios were then used to demonstrate how the risk measurement method can be applied to the agricultural processing margin. In this thesis, the flour milling margin was used to demonstrate how a firm can incorporate sophisticated risk analytics into its risk management decision making process. Multiple scenarios were developed to account for different situations faced by flour millers. Ocean freight, exchange rate risk, futures price risk, basis risk and flour price risk are all included to provide examples of how market risk measurement can be beneficial to industry participants.

A Research Report proposal submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science (Building) Project Management in Construction. Johannesburg 2015 / The construction industry is one of the major industries in the world and has one of the poorest records in Occupation Health and Safety. In developing countries with improved political and economic stability in recent years, infrastructure developments have significantly increased which has implications for the industry to deliver projects safely. Many designers’ in the construction industry in developed countries believe that contractors have knowledge to offer concerning safety as they have the experiences from different projects and can pin point potentially hazardous risks in the design phase of the project and consequently improve on the Health and Safety and Safety Performance of a project. This research aimed to discover what designers’ in the South African construction industry perceived about the use of ECI in the industry and its effect on the safety performance on construction sites. A review of the literature showed that the designers in the construction industry had various perceptions towards trust and commitment of the contractor towards safety and liability issues among other concerns. Twenty-nine questions were identified, which formed the basis of the quantitative analysis that was undertaken. Five hundred architects, engineers and project managers were identified from the Gauteng Province of South Africa and a questionnaire survey emailed to them. A census sample was used in this research and despite the low response rate (9%) from the participants; the data collected was seen as representative of the population. Analysis of the data collected from this survey revealed that designers believe that the use of ECI in the construction industry may improve the safety performance of the project as well as including contractors earlier in the design phase may be beneficial in enhancing safety during construction. The research also revealed that the designers believe that contractors have knowledge to offer in designing for safety as well as identifying potentially hazardous risks that may elude the designers during the design phase. From the data collected, a number of recommendations were developed to promote the use of ECI in developing countries including a review of policies and guidelines in the construction regulations so as to boost the use of ECI and consequently reduce the number of accidents and fatalities in the industry and as well as improve the overall safety performance of construction sites in South Africa. The overall finding of this research show that the designers in the South African construction industry have a positive attitude towards the use of ECI in the construction industry and are ready to implement it mainly due to the fact that it has a positive impact on the health and safety of workers as well as the overall safety performance of construction sites.

M.Ing. / The research is based on the complexity of project management and risk management fields and how applying each field on its own can be problematic. This poses an everyday challenge to project managers when implemented simultaneously and such a problem predominantly exists in the engineering construction field.The challenge faced by project managers is approached throughout the research study by introducing a commonly used six order matrix framework with a high success rate in analysing and dissecting complex fields into small fragments. The framework is known as the Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture. However this is only done once a thorough literature review of both project and risk management as well as the limitations of the Zachman Framework have been well documented.Once the Zachman Framework for Construction adaptation is complete, it is then applied to an inner city construction case study. The results of the case study are used to determine if throughout the project lifecycle it has been possible to analyse and implement all project and risk management requirements simultaneously with little or no correction of project constraints.Using a developed integrated risk management tool which graphically tracks aggregate risk( s) in cost and time together with the Zachman Framework for Construction, the case study results reveal that it is possible to increase the ability to simultaneously manage risk and normal activities by concluding that the project constraints (i.e. cost) are accurately estimated and accomplished. In conclusion the research study,discussion and recommendations are made in order to implement all cells within the Zachman Framework for Construction therefore increasing the success of any project and risk management construction field.

Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T14:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arruda_LuizAntoniode_M.pdf: 4116724 bytes, checksum: 34f4e122a919d945ff387e1db04f6669 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: As empresas, em busca de redução de custo e melhoria da eficiência, tornam as suas cadeias de suprimentos mais globalizadas e complexas. Com isso, um evento que ocorre em uma parte do mundo pode afetar uma empresa situada do outro lado. Como consequência, o grau de exposição ao risco aumenta na mesma proporção da globalização. Assim, o gerenciamento de risco tornou-se um instrumento para as empresas identificarem, avaliarem e tratarem os riscos, permitindo tomar ações para mitigá-los. O setor farmacêutico brasileiro foi selecionado por ser um setor com uma forte cultura de qualidade e preocupação com a segurança dos seus produtos. Pois sabe das graves consequências das falhas de seus produtos. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar a percepção da probabilidade de ocorrência de uma relação de eventos de risco e a percepção de risco na cadeia de suprimentos da indústria farmacêutica, na visão dos gestores de logística. Também identificar qual é o propósito do gerenciamento do risco na cadeia de suprimentos, quais são os princípios aceitos e/ou aplicáveis para a mitigação dos riscos e quem são os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento de risco na empresa. Utiliza-se um questionário para coletar a percepção da probabilidade de ocorrência dos eventos de risco e outro questionário para coletar a percepção de risco na cadeia de suprimentos. Também identificar qual é o propósito do gerenciamento de risco, quais são os princípios aceitos e/ou aplicáveis e quem são os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento de risco nas empresas. As respostas serão analisadas de forma geral e pelo grupo de tamanho do faturamento das empresas, usando o percentual da frequência das respostas e os resultados apresentados em gráficos e tabelas / Abstract: As companies seek to reduce costs and improve efficiency, they make their supply chain more global and complex. As a result, an event that takes place in one part of the world can adversely affect a company located elsewhere. Additionally, the degree of exposure to a risk increases at the same rate as globalization. Risk management has become a tool used by many companies to identify, assess and address risk events, and take appropriate actions to mitigate them. The Brazilian pharmaceutical industry has been selected because it is a sector with a strong quality culture and concerned with product security. This sector is aware of the severe consequences when they products fail. This study has as its purpose to identify the perception of probability of occurrence of risk events and the perception of risk in the supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry within the view of logistics managers. Also, identify which is the purpose of risk management in the supply chain and which are the acceptable and/or applicable principles to mitigate risks and who are those responsible for risk management in a company. Answers will be analyzed in general and by grouping companies by size, using the percentage of responses frequency and showing the results in graphics and tables / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Objective: The study will investigate whether cash liquidity have a negative affect on profitability and share value of companies, listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm 2008-2011. Part of the purpose is also to show if the industry risk is of importance for treasury management of these companies. Method: The methodology for the study is key analysis through hypothesis testing and regression analysis Conclusion: The liquidity ratio affects profitability in a negative direction on the entire sample. No other conclusion can be drawn. / Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om kassalikviditeten har en negativ påverkan på lönsamhet och aktievärde, hos företag noterade på Nasdaq OMX Nordic Stockholm mellan åren 2008 till 2011. Delsyftet är att undersöka om branschrisken har ett positivt samband med kassalikviditeten för dessa företag. Metod: Metoden för studien är nyckeltalsanalys med hjälp av hypotesprövning och regressionsanalys, för företag på Nasdaq OMX Nordic Stockholm. Slutsats: Kassalikviditeten påverkar lönsamheten i negativ riktning på hela urvalet. Inga andra slutsatser kan dras.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Construction Management Department of the Built Environment in the Faculty of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / The construction industry contributes significantly to national economic growth and offers substantial opportunities for job creation; however the industry has continually been plagued by workplace accidents. Moreover, employers may not realize the economic magnitude of workplace injury and ill health arising from construction activities. These accidents represent a considerable economic and social burden to employers, employees and to society as a whole. Despite governments and organisations worldwide maintaining an on-going commitment towards establishing a working environment free of injury and disease, a great deal of construction accidents continues to frequent our society. Given the high rate of construction accidents experienced, employers are not entirely mindful of the actual costs of construction accidents, especially when considering the hidden or indirect costs of accidents. Various safety research efforts have attempted to quantify the true costs of worker injuries, however localised systematic information on cost of construction accidents at work is not readily available from administrative statistical data sources, therefore this study was carried out in order to estimate the costs, like lost workdays or lost income, are clearly visible and can readily be expressed in monetary value; for a large part however, economic consequences of accidents are somewhat hidden. Indirect costs following an accident may be disregarded, damage to the company image is difficult to quantify and pricing human suffering and health damage is subject to discussion. Nevertheless, it is possible to get an adequate insight into the costs of accidents and the potential benefits of accident prevention.

The construction workforce in South Africa is one that is ageing. This is a global phenomenon and necessitates research into how the older cohort of the construction work force can be optimally engaged. Optimum worker productivity, high quality products that meet the specifications required, and high levels of occupational safety and health are integral factors in achieving a sustainable workforce. The purpose of the research was to quantify the injury rates among older construction workers as well as to determine the events leading to these injuries, the nature of the injuries and the bodily locations affected. The costs associated with these injuries were investigated to understand whether there were any discernable differences between injuries to older and younger workers. Apart from the literature review, two statistical construction injury databases were analysed. Qualitative questionnaire based interviews were designed to gather information related to older construction workers. Questionnaires were sent to construction site managers to gauge their perceptions of older construction workers. The statistical data was collected from the Western Cape region and was for the period 1998 through 2005 while the interviews and questionnaire data were collected during 2008. xv The potential benefits to industry are a consolidation of injury information relating to older construction workers. This should assist construction managers with developing policies and implementing strategies to prevent or at least minimise injuries and minimise the related costs, with the aim of more effectively utilising their older workers and ultimately achieving a more sustainable construction industry. The study found that older workers sustained less injuries in total compared with younger workers. No discernable variances occurred between younger and older workers when it came to events leading to injuries (causes) and the type/nature of injuries. It was, however, found that for the body parts affected, older workers were more prone to certain injuries. Older workers sustained less severe injuries compared with their younger counterparts but the injuries were more costly. The research findings supported the notion that older workers receive less training than younger workers.

Orientador: Paulo Sergio Franco Barbosa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T04:51:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FreitasFilho_ItaloTadeudeCarvalho_M.pdf: 5022061 bytes, checksum: 47deab221cec3de1cda8326f13e3e7ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os agentes reguladores do setor elétrico brasileiro têm como requisito básico garan-tir o adequado balanço entre oferta e demanda com o melhor preço da energia por meio de negócios sustentáveis. Por outro lado, o mercado, cada vez mais exigente e competitivo, em que a busca pela disponibilidade e preço da energia são fatores decisórios tanto para grandes quanto para pequenos consumidores, faz que os investidores busquem a gestão ótima dos riscos operacionais visando garantir os retornos do capital investido. Para tanto, uma metodologia de gestão de ativos físicos é essencial ao bom desempenho financeiro das empresas de geração de energia no Brasil, pois uma má estratégia de gestão de ativos pode acarretar prejuízos consideráveis, tanto para o empreendedor quanto para o sistema elétrico nacional. Esta pesquisa propõe a identificação de requisitos básicos para gestão ótima dos ativos, por meio da avaliação dos riscos operacionais considerando as várias dimensões que afetam uma empresa de geração de grande porte, atualmente com projetos em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida. Foi feita uma análise de indicadores de desempenho e a identificação dos modos de falhas, e respectivas causas mais comuns que afetam as características de seus ativos em determinadas etapas dos ciclos de vida. A proposta foi criar subsídios à elaboração de uma metodologia para otimização dos conflitos de prioridades entre a utilização e cuidado com os ativos, desempenho de curto e longo prazo, entre investimento de capital, custos de operação e riscos, como forma de melhorar o desempenho da empresa / Abstract: To ensure the proper balance between supply and demand with best energy price through sustainable business, are considered as basic requirements for the electricity sector regulators, on the other hand, a market increasingly demanding and competitive, where the search for availability and price of energy are decisive factors for both large and small consumers, drive the investors to seek an optimal management of operational risks to ensure the returns on invested capital, to this end, a methodology for managing physical assets is essential for the power generation companies in Brazil to guarantee a good financial performance, an inadequate asset management strategy can cause some negative effect to the national electricity grid as well. This research aims to identify, through an operational risk assessment a basics requirements for an optimum asset management, considering various dimensions, that affect a generation company with large scale projects, currently in various stages of the their life cycle, through the analyses of their performance indicators and identifying causes and most common failures modes that affect the characteristics of its assets in certain stages of life cycles, to support the development of a methodology to optimize the prioritizations conflicts between the use and care of assets, short-term and long term performance, capital investment, operating costs and risks, with the objective to increase the company performance / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Public Management, Durban University of Technology, 2017. / Disasters are on the increase globally with devastating effects. The devastation caused by these disasters in various countries highlights the need for increased commitment and investment, by government and various stakeholders, in disaster risk reduction. This study investigated disaster risk reduction strategies in Zimbabwe’s dairy supply chains. The study was initiated on the premise that Zimbabwe is at high risk and vulnerable to natural and man-made hazards. The study is set in the backdrop of declining output across all agricultural sectors evident particularly in the dairy farming sector that has seen inadequate supply of raw milk and dairy products by local producers in Zimbabwe. This study therefore sought to assess the collaborative strategies by government, dairy organisations and dairy supply chain stakeholders to reduce disaster risks in the dairy industry. The study employed a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) to investigate collaborative disaster risk reduction strategies used by dairy supply chain stakeholders to avoid supply chain disruptions. The study used a sample size of 92 dairy farmers, from major milk producing regions of Zimbabwe, for the questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha test for reliability showed a reliable questionnaire. Furthermore, the study used information from key informants, 30 retailers and 20 dairy officers for one-on-one interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA (version 13). OLS regression analysis was done and results were compared with those of the Tobit models as a test for robustness of the results. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis derived from observations and interviews and descriptive statistics presented in tables and bar charts. Notable in the literature reviewed is lack of coordination amongst stakeholders in strategies to reduce disaster risks in dairy supply chains in Zimbabwe. This study adopted a collaborative proactive framework and tested it as a strategy to reduce disaster risks in dairy supply chains. The study gives four major findings. Firstly, dairy supply chains in Zimbabwe were exposed to a number of risks which are: international competition, competition from local giants, financial risks, political risks, technological risks, environmental risks and production risks. Secondly, findings from regression analysis indicated that an overall index of disaster risks significantly influenced job losses, food security, milk productivity and growth of ventures in dairy businesses. Thirdly, there were isolated cases of planned coordination by stakeholders in the industry to reduce the negative effects of disasters across the supply chain. There was collaboration among dairy farmers, processors, NGOs, and government departments of agriculture and environment. Fourthly, an index of collaborative strategies regressed against dependent variables of variables of supply chain cost, lead time milk sales, and variety and quality of milk demonstrated that collaborative strategies in dairy supply chain significantly influenced supply chain costs and variety and quality of milk and milk products. It is expected that the study will assist government in the formulation of public policies for the dairy sector leading to improved access to high quality raw milk and milk products for consumers thus resulting in improved nutrition and food security for the people of Zimbabwe. Policy recommendations highlight that instead of the current maximum of the 5 year lease given to white commercial farmers, the government should consider issuing out long term leases in order to protect long-term investment in dairy projects. Government should, therefore, create an enabling environment for stakeholder partnerships in the dairy sector. / D

The present dissertation studies financial impacts of risks in the construction industry, providing one of possible ways of the risks expression and monitoring, through which they can be efficiently managed. Theoretical assumptions and selected methodology provided basis for an overall analysis of the Czech Republic construction market, identifying possible external risks sources including their processing and description. The present dissertation aims at finding major risks and assessing their financial impacts that pose threats to companies active in the construction sector, indeed a specific sector for doing business. These risks have been compiled in a Risk Catalogue intended as a guide for selected risks management. To elaborate on the risks identified, two specific companies have were selected, having provided their data (financial reports, accounts statements, number of projects contracted including their volume and type, personnel information, etc.), as well as key indicators they have been using. The dissertation outcome presents construction sector analysis and Risk Register compilation. The work clearly defines the procedure of the Register compilation, possibly to be used by construction companies with respect to recurrent activities and the risks involved. The Catalogue sorts risks in categories and defines their possible occurrence as well as their financial impact on the company. Furthermore, it presents their possible management, i.e. how they can be minimized or even eliminated, as well as necessary costs involved. Indeed, the costs have to be considered in the sense of financial impacts so that it does not result in covering risks with rather low financial impact.