The effectiveness of the Jail-Based Public Inebriate Treatment and Intervention Program, in the city of Roanoke, VA, is evaluated. This program targets those who have violated their interdiction status, ordered by the Circuit Court, to not consume, possess or purchase beverages containing alcohol. A voluntary treatment program has been set up to treat those interdicted housed within the jail. This treatment program hopes to rehabilitate the offender, decrease the number of arrests within the City of Roanoke and improve the attractiveness of the downtown area. The typical participant in this program is a 51-year-old homeless male who has been drinking for approximately 33 years. Methods of evaluation include the analysis of arrest data collected from January 1996 to June of 2000, as well as interviews conducted in local day shelters, within the jail, with a court community corrections representative, in the court house, at the Blue Ridge Community Treatment Center and with a representative of the downtown business community. The goals of the program are evaluated for their effectiveness. Some goals are found to be more effective than others and Richard Hall’ s Contradiction Model is used to explain this variation. / Master of Science

This thesis is concerned with the transformation of prostitutes and other women in the magdalen asylums, the convict refuge, and the certified inebriate reformatory conducted by a roman catholic order of nuns in nineteenth century Britain. Laundry work came to play a central role in the activities expected of the women admitted to these quasi-monastic houses. Its significance is examined in terms of organisational and symbolic correspondences with the structure and ideology of transformative institutions directed to christian conversion. The thesis initially identifies different organisational forms and the ideology revealed by the long-span history of convent refuges. It goes on to consider the problems that tradition posed in the later institutions. The historical account, ordered around a primary sociological concern with transformation, discloses the struggle between the nuns, the secular authorities, and others, to assert differing ideas of religion, morality, and work. The theoretical discussion examines the structure and process of transformation, and the system of classification and control on which it is based. Moving from the notion of Total Institution, the analysis formulates a sociological model of the refuge as a 'Theopticon'. This provides a stable context for a pattern of transformations ranging from the laundry work to the liturgy. The analysis also deals with the role and status of the long-term transformand in pursuit of christian holiness. The theoretical model is then taken back to analyse the major issues raised by the historical account: the persistence of laundry work in the refuges, the nuns' resistance to public inspection and control, and their refusal to pay wages to the penitent women. The historical data is largely derived from primary sources and includes architectural, statistical, and photographic material, as well as documentary evidence.