This review of scientific literature was performed in Brazillan and North American studies about the prevalence and assessment procedures of Infant Hearing Loss. Fourteen Brazilian articles and 12 American publications of prevalence between 2000 and 2012 were reviewed. The prvalence of infant hearing loss in Brazilian papers was between 0.2% and 10.2% and American papers from 0.22% to 3.61%. As or the procedures used for diagnosis there was a high similarity in the choice of methods.