La synthese endogene du cholesterol (CH) a ete etudie chez 81 nouveau-nes, ages de 4 mois (BRAS 1) ou de 11 a 12 mois (BRAS2), afin d'evaluer les effets a long terme d'un supplement de CH sur l'homeostasie du CH. BRAS 1 etait compose de 32 nouveau-nes recevant soit du lait humain (HUM) (6M, 7F), une formule a base de lait de vache (VAC) (6M, 3F) contenant 3.5 mg CH/dl, ou une formule a base de lait de vache modifiee (VACM) (6M, 7F) contenant 13.5 mg CH/dl, afin d'evaluer l'effet du supplement sur les taux de synthese du CH. BRAS2 etait compose de 49 autres enfants recevant soit HUM (11M, 6F), VAC (7M, 12F) ou VACM (6M, 7F) jusqu'a l'age de 6 mois dans le but d'evaluer une hypothese d'impression genetique. Ceci a ete realise en utilisant un design "cross-over" et en montant un defi journalier de 250 g de CH a l'age de 11 mois. Le taux d'incorporation de deuterium, provenant des reserves d'eau corporelle, dans la structure du CH a servi comme indice du taux de synthese fractionnel (TSF) de ce dernier sur une periode de 48 heures. Les niveaux de CH total et LDL etaient considerablement eleves dans HUM en comparaison avec VAC et VACM a l'age de 4 mois. La concentration sanguine du CH etait semblable a 11 et 12 mois. Le TSF etait 4 fois plus eleve dans VAC et VACM relatif a HUM, mais il n'y avait pas de difference entre VAC et VACM a 11 et 12 mois. Cependant, les TSF de 4 a 12 mois ont augmente dans HUM et baisse dans VAC et VACM. Nos resultats indiquent qu'independamment du contenu des dietes, le defi journalier de CH n'as pas eu d'effet considerable ni sur les taux de synthese, ni sur les niveaux de CH sanguin. Ces resultats appuient l'idee que le CH alimentaire n'a que des effets minimes sur le metabolisme a long terme du CH.

The emergence of language is a phenomenon that lies at the core of higher human cognition and which continues to be the source of controversy and debate. In a series of three studies, the present thesis examined issues pertaining to language acquisition, (i) providing insight into the origins of language by addressing the question of whether the basis of babbling is fundamentally motoric or linguistic, (ii) positing new properties of babbling in order to discriminate between the linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors produced by babies, and (iii) describing the processes underlying babies' transition from babbles to first words. In Manuscript 1, using Optotrak, the manual activity of six hearing babies was examined (at ages 6, 10 and 12 months; 3 babies were exposed to a signed language and 3 to a spoken language). Analyses revealed that only the sign-exposed babies produced linguistic activity (manual babbling) at a frequency of approximately 1 Hz and subsequent videotape analyses revealed that babbling was produced in the linguistic signing space. Non-linguistic activity was produced by both groups of babies at approximately 2.5 Hz and fell outside the signing space. In Manuscript 2, the oral activity of ten hearing babies acquiring a spoken language was examined for evidence of mouth asymmetry (between ages 5 and 12 months). Right mouth opening was observed only while the babies were babbling (reflecting left hemisphere language specialization), as contrasted with equal or left mouth opening for non-linguistic oral activity. In Manuscript 3, a combination of sources (videotapes, parental reports, interviews, and experimenter notes) was used to examine how six hearing bilingual babies acquired the meanings of words/signs across their two languages (from ages 7 to 26 months; 3 babies were exposed to a signed and a spoken language and 3 to two spoken languages). The babies constrained, organized, and used their first words/signs in simila

Thesis (MPsych(Clin))--University of South Australia, 1998

AIMS: To assess (i) the safety of once daily dosing (ODD) of gentamicin by systematic evaluation of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity; and (ii) the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in a paediatric cohort. METHOD: Infants and children with suspected or proven gram negative sepsis were enrolled prospectively to receive ODD gentamicin at 7 mg/kg/day. Neonates were excluded. Hearing and renal function were assessed at baseline, during and after therapy by otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and by either serum creatinine or glomerular filtration rate. Abnormal OAE were followed with audiometry. TDM was performed using an interval adjusted graphical method (Hartford nomogram) with levels taken between 6-14 hours after dose. Assessment of efficacy (clinical and microbiological) was a secondary outcome measure. RESULTS: There were 106 episodes of therapy in 79 children (median age 5.6 years; range 1 month - 16 years), 60% of which were for febrile neutropaenia. Evaluation was complete in 88% (93/106) for ototoxicity and 92% (98/106) for nephrotoxicity. Two children (1.88%, 95% CI 0.10 - 7.13) experienced permanent hearing loss. Three children did not complete full assessment after preliminary abnormalities on OAE. Incorporating these cases gives a ???worst case scenario??? incidence of 4.71% (95% CI 1.71 - 10.91) possible ototoxicity. One child (0.94%, 95% CI < 0.10 - 5.73) experienced transient nephrotoxicity. No ???toxic??? serum gentamicin levels were detected, including in those children who experienced clinical toxicity. All children with detectable toxicity were undergoing treatment for malignancies and had received nephro or ototoxic medications prior to the gentamicin course. Complete or partial efficacy was seen in 93% (non oncology) and 78% (oncology) treatment episodes, equivalent to prior literature reports. CONCLUSION: In this systematically evaluated paediatric cohort receiving ODD gentamicin, toxicity occurred infrequently and only in those with identifiable risk factors. TDM did not identify children who developed clinical toxicity. The development of toxicity appears to be associated with factors such as underlying medical condition, prior courses of gentamicin, exposure to other oto or nephrotoxic medications, all of which may be more predictive of toxicity than elevated serum gentamicin levels. TDM in healthy children on short course gentamicin appears unnecessary, but may be warranted in conjunction with renal and hearing assessments in those with risk factors.

Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / The current study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine maintenance for the treatment of illicit opioid dependence during pregnancy. Parameters investigated assessed pregnancy progression and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) compared to methadone maintenance and non-opioid exposed control pregnancies. This is the first study to present results comparing the two treatment groups to a control population. The trial was a prospective, non-randomised, open-label, flexible dosing study (n=25 for each group). Women were recruited up to a gestational age of 28 weeks and their infants observed postnatally for 4 weeks. Methadone and buprenorphine doses did not change significantly from recruitment to delivery and were 48.40±5.95 mg.day⁻¹ and 7.46±O.84 mg.day⁻¹ respectively at delivery. Both subjective and objective measures of maternal withdrawal were significantly lower for buprenorphine compared to the methadone group (p<O.Ol and p<O.05, respectively) at the sub-optimal does observed in this study. Direct drug effects were similar between methadone and buprenorphine groups and did not change over the course of pregnancy. Additional substance use during pregnancy was significantly higher for methadone and buprenorphine groups compared to controls but was not significantly different between each other. Patterns of maternal symptom complaints during pregnancy were higher for methadone and buprenorphine compared to controls but were not significantly different to each other and raised several issues regarding maternal health, and re-dosing in the antenatal period. Obstetric complications in the antenatal period and during labour and delivery were similar between the three groups. There was no significant difference between the three groups for infant gestational age at delivery or their Apgar scores. However, methadone exposed infants were significantly smaller than control infants (birth weight p<O.05, body length p<O.05, head circumference p<O.05) while buprenorphine exposed infants did not differ to controls. There was no significant difference between methadone and buprenorphine exposed infants for the percentage of infants who required pharmacological treatment to control NAS (methadone 60%, buprenorphine 48%). However, significantly less morphine was required to control NAS in buprenorphine compared to methadone exposed infants (methadone: 40.07 ± 3.95 mg, buprenorphine: 22.77 ± 4.29 mg; p<0.05) and may have been due to reduced placental transfer of buprenorphine. The current study observed buprenorphine to be at least as efficacious as methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy while minimising NAS. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1259912 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2006

Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / The current study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine maintenance for the treatment of illicit opioid dependence during pregnancy. Parameters investigated assessed pregnancy progression and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) compared to methadone maintenance and non-opioid exposed control pregnancies. This is the first study to present results comparing the two treatment groups to a control population. The trial was a prospective, non-randomised, open-label, flexible dosing study (n=25 for each group). Women were recruited up to a gestational age of 28 weeks and their infants observed postnatally for 4 weeks. Methadone and buprenorphine doses did not change significantly from recruitment to delivery and were 48.40±5.95 mg.day⁻¹ and 7.46±O.84 mg.day⁻¹ respectively at delivery. Both subjective and objective measures of maternal withdrawal were significantly lower for buprenorphine compared to the methadone group (p<O.Ol and p<O.05, respectively) at the sub-optimal does observed in this study. Direct drug effects were similar between methadone and buprenorphine groups and did not change over the course of pregnancy. Additional substance use during pregnancy was significantly higher for methadone and buprenorphine groups compared to controls but was not significantly different between each other. Patterns of maternal symptom complaints during pregnancy were higher for methadone and buprenorphine compared to controls but were not significantly different to each other and raised several issues regarding maternal health, and re-dosing in the antenatal period. Obstetric complications in the antenatal period and during labour and delivery were similar between the three groups. There was no significant difference between the three groups for infant gestational age at delivery or their Apgar scores. However, methadone exposed infants were significantly smaller than control infants (birth weight p<O.05, body length p<O.05, head circumference p<O.05) while buprenorphine exposed infants did not differ to controls. There was no significant difference between methadone and buprenorphine exposed infants for the percentage of infants who required pharmacological treatment to control NAS (methadone 60%, buprenorphine 48%). However, significantly less morphine was required to control NAS in buprenorphine compared to methadone exposed infants (methadone: 40.07 ± 3.95 mg, buprenorphine: 22.77 ± 4.29 mg; p<0.05) and may have been due to reduced placental transfer of buprenorphine. The current study observed buprenorphine to be at least as efficacious as methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy while minimising NAS. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1259912 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2006

Thesis (M. Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Summary in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.M.) -- Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Jayne Standley, Florida State University, School of Music. Title and description from thesis home page (viewed 9-24-04). Document formatted into pages; contains 30 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Jayne M. Standley, Florida State University, School of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 2-11-05). Document formatted into pages; contains 571 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-63).