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Development and application of a vaccinia virus based system to study viral proteins modulating interferon expression and interferon induced antiviral activitiesArsenio, Janilyn 07 1900 (has links)
The interferon (IFN) system is integral to antiviral innate immunity in vertebrate hosts. Inside a cell, viral pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger the IFN response, comprised of IFN induction and an IFN-induced antiviral state. However, viruses have evolved strategies to counteract the IFN system. The E3 protein of vaccinia virus (VV), encoded by the E3L gene, impedes cytokine expression and suppresses the activation and function of antiviral proteins. Deletion of the E3L gene (VVΔE3L) produces an IFN sensitive mutant virus that is replication defective in most human cell lines. Due to the limited human cell lines available to support VVΔE3L replication, the capacity of E3 inhibition of human IFN-induced antiviral activities is not well defined. In this study, VVΔE3L was generated and characterized to facilitate the study of other viral IFN antagonists at modulating human IFN-induced antiviral responses. A human liver carcinoma cell line, Huh7, was found to support VVΔE3L replication. A comprehensive analysis of VVΔE3L IFN sensitivity revealed E3 inhibits all human type I and type II IFN-induced antiviral activities by modulation of the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway.
Influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is well-known to mediate the suppression of IFN induction and IFN action in influenza virus infections. However, the IFN antagonizing potential of influenza NS1 may be virus subtype and/or isolate specific. VVΔE3L was next applied as an expression vector to study influenza NS1 function in modulating IFN-induced antiviral activities and IFN induction in human cells. Recombinant viruses were generated to express influenza NS1 (from avian H5N1 and pandemic viruses 1918 pH1N1, 1968 pH3N2, and 2009 pH1N1) in replacement of E3. It was found that influenza NS1 inhibits human IFN-induced antiviral activity in a subtype and isolate specific manner. Moreover, influenza NS1 differentially regulates human IFN expression in a virus isolate-dependent manner. Altogether, this work highlights the potential of VVΔE3L as an excellent virus model system to study viral proteins modulating IFN expression and IFN-induced antiviral activities in human cells.
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Identification of small molecule inhibitors of influenza A virus by chemical geneticsLau, Lai-shan. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available in print.
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Evaluation of post-exposure prophylactic use of oseltamivir in controlling influenza outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly in Hong KongMa, Siu-keung, Edmond. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Also available in print.
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Role of chicken toll-like receptor 3 in antiviral responses during H9N2 influenza virus infectionChan, Sze-mei. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-106) Also available in print.
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Application of multiplex branched DNA method for the detection and study of avian inlfuenza [i.e. influenza] virusCha, Wonhee, January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M. S.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-103).
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Development and evaluation of DNA vaccines in chickens against a wild bird H6N2 avian influenza virus from Western Australia /Shan, Songhua. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2009. / Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-332)
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Contributions of pneumococcal virulence factors to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection following influenza infectionKing, Quinton Oliver. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (PhD)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2009. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Allen G. Harmsen. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-129).
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Origin of pandemic influenza a serological appraisal of human exposure to avian influenza viruses /Chan, You. January 1983 (has links)
Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983. / Also available in print.
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Dioxin-induced deregulation of neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of mice infected with influenza virusTeske, Sabine, January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington State University, May 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-160).
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Mechanisms of pathogenic avian influenza-induced immune responses in human cellsMok, Ka-pun, Chris. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
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