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An Examination of the Nature and Experience of Community Collaboration in Extension Education for At-Risk Populations in VirginiaBoard, Barbara A. 30 June 2005 (has links)
For several decades, a growing realization has evolved that a single entity often cannot address complex issues. Collaboration has been touted as an effective approach to addressing such issues and is generally defined as multiple parties jointly identifying problems, developing a shared vision for addressing those problems, and sharing resources and responsibilities for a determined solution.
In spite of the growing literature regarding collaboration, the predominant focus has been on advocacy, leaving a void in the literature concerning the processes and behaviors involved in establishing community collaboration. In essence, the importance of collaboration is widely recognized; how to collaborate is not as noted. Therefore, it is essential to examine the experience of community collaboration. The purpose of this study was to investigate a collaborative community experience in the context of extension education for children, youth, and families at risk in four localities in Virginia. The following research questions were addressed: a) What has been the nature and experience of collaboration for Extension Leadership councils (ELCs) involved with children, youth, and families at risk (CYFAR) projects; b) What has contributed to successful collaboration in Extension education with the CYFAR projects; and c) What have been the challenges to collaboration for the CYFAR projects?
The qualitative case study design utilized in-depth face-to-face interviews with seventeen community representatives in the selected localities involved in the experience. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcriptions were analyzed to determine themes, patterns, and common ways of thinking. Findings, which revealed that ELCs were primarily involved in situation analysis, illuminated the following perceived contributions to successful collaboration: having a process for involvement, addressing a need, commitment of those involved, leadership, and paid staff. Challenges to collaboration were identified as lack of time to commit, lack of understanding of collaboration, and pre-existing ways of thinking and acting.
The results have implications for Cooperative Extension understanding how ELC involvement can occur in programming and the collaborative nature of their educational process with the community. The findings will also contribute to human service providers' understanding of contributions and challenges to collaboration and to the emerging body of knowledge on collaboration. / Ph. D.
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“If you don’t exist in media, you don’t exist politically”. : En kvalitativ studie om svenska ungdomsförbunds kommunikationsstrategier inför valåret 2018Edberg, Clara, Sandorf, Elin January 2018 (has links)
Previous research has been done in the field of Political Communication, aimed to show a deeper understanding of how social media affects the public opinion. Less studies have been made aimed to understand how youth federation communicates with potential voters. We are therefore interested in gaining a deeper understanding of what three Swedish youth federations publish on their Instagram accounts to attract potential voters during the early stages of the election year 2018. The aim of this report is to examine and analyze how three of the biggest youth federations in Sweden communicates with potential voters though the social media platform Instagram during the first three months of 2018. Through a qualitative image analysis supplemented by informant interviews, we have been able to study which communication strategies the youth federations used when they published pictures on Instagram during the limited period of January 1 until March 3, 2018. Our findings suggest that the variation of the published material depends on what political marketing orientation the federation belongs to. We hope that our study can contribute with useful understandings into further research.
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The integration of micro-enterprises into local value chainsTschinkel, Beatrice 04 1900 (has links) (PDF)
The objective of the study is to identify how micro-enterprises can be integrated into local value
chains by using the so-called "value chain approach". The "value chain approach" has become a
relatively popular approach among donor agencies and NGOs engaged in Private Sector
Development in recent years, being based on insights from studies on global value chains.
The study includes investigation into the following points:
1) Which business linkages exist among micro-enterprises and with enterprises of different sizes
and sectors, and how are they related to the upgrading process of micro-enterprises?
2) What influence does the legal status of micro-enterprises have on the development of business
linkages and on the upgrading process?
3) How can the development of business linkages and the upgrading process (and, therefore, the
integration into value chains) be supported and enhanced within the framework of PSD?
The empirical study was conducted in Uganda. It includes a combination of qualitative and
quantitative approaches: (1) a questionnaire-based survey among micro-entrepreneurs, and
(2) expert or key informant interviews, using a semi-structured interview guideline.
The study provides an assessment of the relevance and applicability of the "value chain approach"
to micro-enterprises and local value chains in the context of a developing country characterised
by low levels of industrialisation, as well as policy recommendations for practitioners (from public
and private sectors, as well as donor community, NGOs and civil society). Furthermore, the study
highlights the importance of the issue of informality of micro- and small-scale enterprises. (author's abstract)
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Work process knowledge in Scottish visitor attractionsMarr, Shuna A. January 2007 (has links)
Work process knowledge (WPK) is a concept for systems-level knowledge of the workplace and has been shown to be most important in organisations requiring multi-functional working. Most of the previous body of knowledge on WPK has focussed mainly on manufacturing industries; there has been less investigation of WPK in the service sector and none in the visitor attraction (VA) industry, an important employer in Scotland. The VA industry is extremely dynamic and many businesses are rapidly moving towards multi-functional team working, driven by an urgent need to develop quality, customer-focussed strategies to survive in an over-supplied and very competitive market. This study identifies the nature of WPK in Scottish VAs, what relationship WPK has to customer service, how WPK in this service sector differs from selected published studies in manufacturing and other service sector contexts and what factors affect the development of WPK in VAs. Following recruitment of a number of VAs using an online questionnaire and subsequent site visits, six sites were selected for case study, on the basis that they demonstrated most evidence of multi-functional working and staff with developed WPK. The research design was comparative case studies of the work processes and knowledge within these six VAs, based on a social constructivist framework, using the methods of key informant interviews and shadowing. Although these six sites represent a cross-spread of attractions in terms of types, location and size, they nonetheless show strong similarities in their basic business structure. The data show that WPK is an essential element of workers’ roles and a vital requirement in providing good customer service. Although VA managers do not use the term ‘work process knowledge’, they nonetheless recognise the importance of having staff with a wider view of their business and are actively encouraging its rapid development. Multi-functionality and job rotation are main ways of developing WPK but sites also use key workers with job roles that help develop high levels of WPK, who are then used as a staff resource. The main factor contributing to the development of WPK is communication, especially of systems-level information. Cultural information-sharing is an essential pre-condition for the development of WPK in this context. Other determining factors are flexibility, employee biographies, seasonality issues, how weddings and functions are handled on-site and the size and complexity of the site. WPK is the foundation on which good customer service is based and elements of it deliver customer service. It is the closely integrated nature of the employee-customer relationship that has such a profound effect on WPK development in this service sector industry and is essentially what differentiates it from previously published studies. The identification of the customer as a hitherto unrecognised key driver of WPK is the most important contribution to knowledge made by this work.
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