Thesis supervisor: Padmini Srinivasan. Includes bibliographic references (p. 130-140).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 18, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72).

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-23T19:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_DenizeValériaSantosBaia.pdf: 5656192 bytes, checksum: dec3b0c77a91d94dbbfc6c1f70141440 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2017-03-22T17:31:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_DenizeValériaSantosBaia.pdf: 5656192 bytes, checksum: dec3b0c77a91d94dbbfc6c1f70141440 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T17:31:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_DenizeValériaSantosBaia.pdf: 5656192 bytes, checksum: dec3b0c77a91d94dbbfc6c1f70141440 (MD5) / Atualmente, o uso de sistemas computacionais inteligentes voltados para a prática integrada, desde a fase de concepção até a execução e manutenção de um projeto de arquitetura, torna-se um grande diferencial no ambiente organizacional. Dessa forma, a tecnologia BIM (Building Information Modeling), que significa Modelagem de Informação da Construção, é um conjunto de informações geradas e mantidas no decorrer de todo o ciclo de vida de uma edificação. Esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo a análise das contribuições da utilização de sistemas BIM, mais precisamente das ferramentas Revit e Navisworks, além do uso do software Ms Project, voltados para o melhor planejamento de obras da construção civil. O software Revit será usado para realizar a modelagem 3D do projeto escolhido e com os quantitativos de materiais gerados pelo programa vai ser realizado o levantamento de custos das principais atividades da obra em estudo. No Ms Project deverá ser criada a Estrutura Analítica do Projeto (EAP). E em seguida, os dados obtidos pelos programas serão incorporados no sistema Navisworks, com o intuito de gerar o planejamento 4D (os elementos gráficos da edificação podem ser atrelados ao cronograma da obra) e 5D (agrega-se a dimensão custo ao modelo tridimensional) da edificação. É de fundamental importância incorporar novas tecnologias no processo de construção, assim como os sistemas BIM, capazes de contribuir significativamente para a redução de custos e para a melhoria da qualidade e produtividade dos empreendimentos e do setor de construção civil como um todo. Deste modo, com esse estudo será possível avaliar a importante contribuição dos sistemas BIM em relação ao planejamento das obras. / Currently, the use of smart computer systems focused on integrated practice, from the design phase to the implementation and maintenance of an architectural project, become a great difference in the organizational environment. Thus, BIM (Building Information Modeling), is a set of information generated and maintained during the entire life cycle of a building. This research aims to analyze the impacts of BIM systems, such as Revit and Navisworks, and MS Project software, to building planning. The Revit BIM software will be used to perform 3D modeling of the chosen project and with the quantitative materials generated by the program we performed a study of costs of the main activities of the project under study. In Ms Project will be created to Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Then, the data obtained by the programs will be incorporated into Navisworks system, in order to generate the 4D planning (graphic elements of the building can be linked to the work schedule) and 5D (adds the dimension cost three-dimensional model) the building. It is vital to incorporate new technologies in the construction process, as well as the BIM systems capable of contributing significantly to reducing costs and improving the quality and productivity of enterprises and the construction industry as a whole. Thus, with this study will evaluate the important contribution of BIM systems in relation to the planning of the constructions.

Orientadores: Regina Coeli Ruschel, Rivka Oxman / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T15:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_MaxLiraVerasXavierde_D.pdf: 29223434 bytes, checksum: 78acfb6512fac467d8f5442e4265eb9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Dentro do universo dos projetos digitais baseados no desempenho, existe uma categoria que usa o desempenho não apenas como meios avaliativos, mas, acima de tudo, como instrumento de transformação das ideias e conceitos em matéria e forma arquitetônica. Usa-se mecanismos digitais que incorporam princípios de informatização à estruturas computacionais. Esta categoria de projeto digital é denominada Projeto Performativo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral formular uma estrutura conceitual de processo de projeto digital que explique a prática de Projeto Performativo. A questão que se coloca é, quais são os pressupostos da prática de projeto que visem a incorporação do desempenho como propulsor do processo de geração da forma arquitetônica? Duas hipóteses foram investigadas neste contexto. A primeira hipótese foi que o modelo de projeto digital denominado performativo tem como pressuposto um processo de projeto baseado na colaboração, no processo de projeto automatizado, na modelagem paramétrica e na interoperabilidade. A segunda hipótese foi que é possível simular a prática de Projeto Performativo segundo estes pressupostos em experiências didáticas de atelier de projeto. Para atender aos objetivos gerais e específicos e responder às hipóteses levantadas, esta pesquisa desenvolveu uma investigação por meio da pesquisa exploratória e explicativa. A primeira iniciou com a busca da familiarização do problema por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e de estudos de casos. Os estudos de casos foram desenvolvidos em escritório de projeto referência internacional. A segunda ocorreu pelo desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa experimental. Da análise de referencial teórico e dos estudos de casos emergiu uma estrutura conceitual para o projeto performativo caracterizada: pela prática essencialmente colaborativa multidisciplinar na síntese arquitetônica resultando em mudanças na apropriação das autorias; uso simultâneo de técnicas de projeto analógicas e digitais resultando na co-existência de estágios de decisão manuais, semi-automatizados e/ou automatizados; na modelagem paramétrica com maior ênfase ao projeto topológico substituindo tradição tipológica; na interoperabilidade marcada pelo fluxo de informação analógico e digital viabilizado pelo BIM - Building Information Modeling - como processo evolutivo fragmentado que permite liberdade necessária ao processo. A estrutura conceitual comporta a coexistência em um mesmo processo de projeto digital de diferente de métodos baseados no desempenho para resolução de diferentes partes ou sistemas do edifício. Essa coexistência de diferentes modelos e métodos permite resolver problemas complexos de projeto, abrigar e pacificar a controversa relação forma X função. O resultado de ordem experimental relacionado a validação da estrutura conceitual em experiência de ateliê de projeto confirmou que, apesar das limitações e restrições deste universo, foi possível estimular a morfogênese de modo criativo e eficiente. As experiências com o uso do Método BESO para a geração da forma pelo desempenho estrutural permitiram: criar múltiplas soluções de projeto, dentro de um espaço de soluções; utilizar facilmente o ferramental (mesmo não se conhecendo alguns conceitos relacionados ao comportamento da estrutura); possibilitar a realização de um número grande de ações cognitivas, num curto intervalo de tempo; realizar novas explorações formais; valorizar o desempenho estrutural como motor de geração da forma do edifício / Abstract: Within the universe of digital designs based on performance, there is a category that uses performance not only as evaluative means, but, above all, as a transformation tool for ideas and concepts in matter and architectonic form. It uses digital mechanisms that incorporate computational principles to computational structures. This category of digital design is called Performative Design. The general aim of the present paper is to formulate a digital design process conceptual framework that explains the Performative Design practice. The question to be made is what are the design practice assumptions aimed at the incorporation of performance as the propeller of the architectonic form generation process? Two hypotheses were investigated in this context. The first hypothesis was that the digital design model called performative has as assumption a design process based on cooperation, automated design process, parametric modeling, and interoperability. The second hypothesis was that it is possible to simulate the practice of Performative Design according to these assumptions in design workshop teaching experiments. In order to meet the general and specific aims and answer the raised hypotheses, this research has developed an investigation through exploratory and explanatory research. The first one started with the familiarization of the problem through literature review and case studies. The case studies were carried out in international reference design office. The second was done with experimental research. The analysis of the theoretical reference and case studies gave origin to a conceptual framework for the performative design characterized by the following factors: the essentially cooperative multidisciplinary practice in the architectonic synthesis resulting in changes in the appropriation of authorship; the simultaneous use of analogical and digital design techniques resulting in the coexistence of manual, semi-automated and/or automated decision stages; parametric modeling with emphasis on the topological design replacing typological tradition; interoperability marked by the analogical and digital information flow made possible by BIM - Building Information Modeling - as a fragmented evolutional process which allows the necessary freedom to the process. The conceptual framework involves the coexistence, in the same process of digital design, of different methods based on performance for the resolution of different parts or systems of the building. Such coexistence of different models and methods allows the solution of complex design problems, and also harbors and pacifies the controversial relationship form X function. The experimental result related to the validation of the conceptual framework in the experience of design workshop has confirmed that despite the limitations and restrictions of this universe, it was possible to stimulate morphogenesis in a creative and efficient way. The experiences with the use of the BESO method for form generation by structural performance have allowed the following: to create multiple design solutions within a space of solutions, to easily use the tooling (even not knowing some concepts related to the structure behavior), to allow the running of a large number of cognitive actions in a short time, to make new formal explorations, to value the structural performance as the motor of building form generation / Doutorado / Arquitetura e Construção / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

The challenge of integrating information from multiple data sources automatically, via computers, has long been of great interest in the area of Databases and Information Systems. It has become more important with the growth of the Internet and proliferation of Semi-Structured information sources. The major obstacle to integrating information from multiple sources lies in reconciling the meaning of data, which is known as Semantic Reconciliation or Semantic Integration. In the design of databases and information systems, the meaning of data that can be stored is usually described by a conceptual model. Thus, one needs to express data or transform data into a comprehensive and uniform conceptual model before approaching the issue of automatic (computerbased) integration. This thesis proposes a conceptual model - the property-based model - as the basis for semantic data integration. The main premise underlying the model is that to identify the meaning of data requires identifying what the data represents in the world. The branch of philosophy dealing with what exists in the world is Ontology; hence, the proposed model is based on ontological foundations. Specifically, it is based on Bunge's ontology as adapted to information systems by Wand and Weber, and on a method for semantic reconciliation proposed by Parsons and Wand. The thesis begins with an overview of research in the field of Information Integration. It discusses the most common type of conceptual models - the Class-Based Model, which includes the Entity- Relationship Model and Object-Oriented Models, and mentions some problems with this type of models. Then the thesis presents the property-based model. Based on the Property-Based model, the thesis proposes and develops a Property-Based Approach to integrating information from multiple sources. The approach uses two main tools, the Property-Precedence Schema (PPS) and the Instance Function (IF). After discussing briefly some practical issues, the thesis introduces a general integration procedure and demonstrates it on a case study to illustrate the usability of the approach. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Although the construction industry has been evolving for centuries and researchers have been seeking innovative solutions for decades, diverse challenges still exist in making the construction process faster, safer, cheaper and more accurate. It is believed that Building Information Modeling (BIM) can lead to greater efficiency through the incremental collaboration. The data in BIM system is extremely useful and can be generated to optimize the project delivery processes. However, since BIM increases the project design cost and requires a big learning curve, project participants are concerned about the cost of project, which has hindered the adoption of BIM for the project delivery. This paper, using a case study, describes how BIM functions to help cut down costs, optimize schedule, and benefit the project participants. The analysis of project cost and time control focuses on life cycle. The recommendations for the future use of BIM are made generally.

Facility management (FM) is a profession that deals with diverse types of information and requires multiple specific types of knowledge and skills. The technology of facility information management develops slowly, compared to the fast-changing building and construction technologies. With its popularity in facility design and construction, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is promising to reform the information and communication needs of facility managers. Yet there are still a lot of untapped potentials in using BIM during a facility's post-construction phases. The purpose of this study is to develop insights on the possible ways to improve facility information management with BIM from the real world examples and from literature. To start with, two case studies are conducted to get a better understanding of the current practice of facility information management. One is on the dynamic flow of information from the owner's perspective. The other is on the delivery of facility information to the owner from the contractor's perspective. The two case studies provide a close and holistic look at the real world of FM, which facilitates the interpretation of literature in the next stage. A comprehensive literature overview is conducted on the application of BIM in FM. The overview covers the benefits and obstacles of BIM application, various types of FM information, and technologies that enable more functions to manage FM information. / Master of Science / After the completion of building construction, the contractors will turn over the building to the owner for his occupancy and use, also called facility management (FM). Along with the building, the information related to the building is also handed over to the owner to support their operation and maintenance of the building, like the manuals that go with a product. This facility information encompasses multiple disciplines regarding the building. The management of this building information is difficult without the support of information technology. Building information modeling (BIM) is a promising technology for information management that intuitively links information to 3D objects. It is already popularly adopted in design and construction, but its continued support for building owners on information management is still at the exploratory stage. The purpose of this study is to develop insights on the possible ways to improve facility information management with BIM to support owners as they operate and maintain the building. To start with, two case studies are conducted to get a better understanding of the current practice of facility information management. One is on the dynamic flow of information from the owner’s perspective. The other is on the delivery of facility information to the owner from the contractor’s perspective. The two case studies provide a close and holistic look at the real world of FM, which facilitates the interpretation of literature in the next stage. A comprehensive literature overview is conducted on the application of BIM in FM. The overview covers the benefits and obstacles of BIM application, various types of FM information, and technologies that enable more functions to manage FM information.

With the passing of the MAP-21 (Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century) Act in 2012, the United States bridge industry has had a significant push for the use of innovative technologies to advance the highway transportation system. Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) is emerging as an important trend in the industry, in which various technologies and software are being used in all phases of the bridge lifecycle and have been shown to have a variety of benefits. However, most software are stand alone applications and do not efficiently exchange data among other software. This lack of interoperability creates impediments for the efficient and seamless transfer of information across the bridge lifecycle. In recent years, the building industry developed standards to promote interoperability for Building Information Models (BIM). Unfortunately, these standards lack the ability to incorporate bridges. Therefore, there major need for a standard for Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM). Moreover, as technology and modeling software have been coming more prevalent in other domains (roads, geotechnical, environment systems, etc.) there is an even larger need to expand interoperability standards across multi-disciplinary domains. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology that would enable the interoperability of multi-disciplinary information models. The scope of the methodology is for Bridge Information Models, but the approach is extendable to other domains. This research is motivated by the fundamental issues of interoperability, such as semantic, logic, and software issues. In this research, the fundamental issues of interoperability are investigated as well as an in-depth review of literature proposing solutions. Additionally, current standards for interoperability of information models are reviewed. Based on the findings of the literature review, this research develops, evaluates, and validates a novel methodology for interoperability of information models. The fundamental issues of interoperability are addressed by the use of a taxonomy and ontology. A new standardization process to capture domain knowledge, called in “Information Exchange Standard” is outlined along with a novel method of developing an ontology based on industry workflows. This methodology has been used and validated by an industry domain case study. A software tool to automate the capturing of domain knowledge and development of a taxonomy is presented.

The purpose of this thesis is to determine if Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an effective means for encouraging stakeholder collaboration throughout the building design/construction process and improving upon affordable and sustainable strategies for infill housing development. The research methodology includes literature reviews, interviews, case studies, simulations, and experimentations. Literature reviews include documentation regarding BIM, housing affordability and policy, sustainable design strategies, and integrated design practice. I conducted interviews with local stakeholders who had participated in local affordable/sustainable housing projects. The primary case study was the Alley Flat Initiative (2003-2010) which I had the opportunity to be involved with in various capacities as a participant observer. Simulations were performed using a BIM software tool to ‘redesign’ the first Alley Flat Initiative prototype and compare design workflows. Finally, experimentation was done involving the instruction of BIM software and exploring its use within an academic design studio environment. The findings indicate four significant conclusions. First, the research suggests that inflated soft project costs (overhead, administration, and services) can be reduced if local city governments were to adopt BIM in conjunction with housing review and permitting processes. In addition, the city could use BIM data to quantify building impacts on energy and resources over time. Second, sustainability innovation can be easier to integrate within a BIM workflow due to the high-capacity of the software to exchange information with third-part analysis tools. One particular barrier that must be overcome, however, are financial barriers due to software and staff training costs associated with BIM technology. Third, BIM requires ‘front-loading’ projects with more information earlier in the design process, which encourages greater transparency and more direct collaboration between stakeholders. A fully leveraged BIM workflow may not be feasible beyond local small-scale architects and builders due to the relatively steep learning curve and higher software costs, but a hybrid approach might be possible depending on how residential construction practices and BIM software development evolves in the near future. And fourth, BIM can make project information centralized, accessible, and long-lasting – serving as a communication and learning tool across disciplines and between expert and non-expert participants. The product of this research includes recommendations for all stakeholder groups engaged in leveraging BIM for affordable and sustainable housing development. Additional related topics of inquiry which fell outside the scope of this research are also included for future investigation. / text

Orientador: Gustavo Garcia Manzato / Banca: Antônio Nélson Rodrigues da Silva / Banca: Ilza Machado Kaiser / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os impactos da resolução espacial na modelagem da expansão urbana da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) por meio de autômatos celulares (CA, do inglês: Cellular Automata) combinados com redes neurais artificiais. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do perímetro urbanizado referentes aos períodos de 1881, 1905, 1929, 1949, 1974 e 2005 para a construção de uma série de modelos espaciais. Uma estrutura de células regulares (grid) foi concebida para se representar a área de estudo, cuja resolução espacial se baseou em células de 1.000 por 1.000 metros, 800 por 800 metros e 600 por 600 metros. Os modelos também levaram em consideração a combinação de variáveis representando o estado inicial da célula (urbana ou não urbana), o número de células vizinhas classificadas como urbanas e o número de células vizinhas classificadas como não urbanas. Os resultados mostraram que a variação da resolução espacial não proporcionou impacto significativo no desempenho das modelagens desenvolvidas, visto que os desempenhos obtidos a partir das diferentes estruturas e tamanhos de grid foram bastante similares. Há os destaques para o Grid de 1000 por 1000 metros, baseado no estado e no número de vizinhos urbanos, com 90,09% de acertos global; para o Grid de 800 por 800 metros, baseado no estado, no número de vizinhos urbanos e no número de vizinhos não urbanos, com 90,25% de acertos global; e finalmente, para o Grid de 600 por 600 metros, baseado no estado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the impacts of the spatial resolution related to the urban expansion modeling of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) by means of Cellular Automata (CA) combined with Artificial Neural Networks. Data regarding the urbanized perimeter in the periods of 1881, 1905, 1929, 1949, 1974 and 2005 were used for the construction of a series of spatial models. A grid of regular cells was conceived to represent the study area, whose spatial resolution was based on cells of 1,000 by 1,000 meters, 800 by 800 meters and 600 by 600 meters. The models also took into account the combination of variables representing the initial state of the cell (urban or non-urban), the number of neighboring cells classified as urban, and the number of neighboring cells classified as non-urban. The results showed that the variation on the spatial resolution did not result in a significant impact on the performance of the developed models, since they were quite similar across the different structures and grid sizes explored. There were some highlights, for example, the Grid of 1000 by 1000 meters, based on the state of the cell and the number of urban neighbors, with 90.09% of global correct predictions; the Grid of 800 by 800 meters, based on the state of the cell, the number of urban neighbors and the number of non-urban neighbors, with 90.25% of global correct predictions; and finally, the Grid of 600 by 600 meters, based on the state of the cell and number o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre