Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Dr. P.H.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-203) and abstract.

Previous field studies of hunter-harvested mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) have reported lead (Pb) shot ingestion rates of 1 &ndash 6.5%. However, considerable uncertainty exists concerning mechanisms affecting pellet ingestion across different habitats. To reduce some of this uncertainty, an experiment was conducted to test the Pb shot ingestion rate of mourning doves on bare soil (typical of a managed dove field). Wild doves were trapped and held in captivity 5 &ndash 13 weeks prior to treatment. One week prior to treatment, a blood sample was taken from each bird before placement in open-bottomed treatment pens on a disked field. Each of 3 treatment groups of 80 birds was divided into 35 low density (1.5 million pellets/ha), 35 high density (29.5 million pellets/ha), and 10 control (0 pellets/ha) animals. Five positive control birds were gavage &ndash dosed with 2 Pb shot in trials 2 and 3. Pb shot and mixed seed were scattered uniformly on the loosely packed soil of their pens and birds were exposed for 4 days. Birds were x &ndash rayed post &ndash treatment on days 2 and 4 for the presence of Pb shot in the digestive system, and euthanized following the drawing of a blood sample on day 4. Overall, 2.9% of doves voluntarily ingested &ge 1 pellet. The shot ingestion rate for birds in the high density Pb treatment (4.9%) was not statistically different (P = 0.0977) from birds in the low density Pb treatment (1.0%). Pb concentrations in liver, kidneys, and blood reached maxima of 94.402, 346.033, and 13.883 ppm wet weight, respectively, and were statistically greater in birds that had ingested shot than in controls (P < 0.0083). Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity decreased by an average of 92.2% post-treatment as compared to pre-treatment in birds that had ingested shot, while increasing by 1.1% in control birds. Heterophil:lymphocyte ratio increased by 28.2% in birds that ingested shot as compared to 1.5% in controls, while packed cell volume decreased by 7.6% in birds that ingested shot and 0.6% in controls. No significant difference in weight among groups was observed post-treatment (P = 0.3131). If managers deem the number of mourning doves at risk of Pb shot ingestion unacceptable, some options are to ban Pb shot either on entire management areas or only on high shot deposition areas like dove fields, or to disk fields after dove hunting to reduce Pb shot availability.

Orientadora: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati / Banca: José Eurico Possebom Cyrino / Banca: Ramon Diniz Malheiros / Banca: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Banca: Roberto Goitein / Resumo: A adoção de esquemas de alimentação com restrição e realimentação para peixes pode induzir a ocorrência de ganho de peso compensatório e permite redução no fornecimento de ração, principal componente do custo de produção. Além disto, o uso de dietas que forneça os nutrientes necessários para esta fase de rápido crescimento e o não comprometimento da resistência imunológica do peixe, representam vantagens adicionais. Nesse sentido, juvenis de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (36,9 l 2,8 g) foram submetidos a três estratégias de alimentação (alimentação continua; 3 dias restrição e 3 dias de realimentação controlada; 3 dias restrição e 3 dias de realimentação até a saciedade aparente) com duas dietas experimentais (45 e 52% CHO). Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo e metabolismo energético em duas etapas, aos 36 e aos 84 dias de alimentação. Após os 84 dias, os peixes foram submetidos à infestação pelo parasito Dolops carvalhoi, sendo avaliadas as respostas fisiológicas de estresse. Ocorreu ingestão compensatória, tanto durante os 36 como durante os 84 dias, mas sem ocorrência de ganho de peso compensatório. Os parâmetros do metabolismo energético, aos 36 dias de alimentação, sugerem grande capacidade do pacu em mobilizar as reservas energéticas endógenas. Aos 84 dias, os parâmetros fisiológicos do metabolismo energético, evidenciam a habilidade do pacu em manter a homeostase e recuperar-se da privação alimentar através da dinâmica de suas reservas. As estratégias de alimentação adotas associadas as dietas experimentais não comprometeram as respostas do pacu frente ao desafio com o ectoparasito. A adoção de períodos curtos de restrição e realimentação, pode ser recomendada em condições específicas de manejo, sem prejuízo irreversível aos peixes e com redução nos custos de produção. / Abstract: Schemes of food restriction and refeeding can induce compensatory growth in fish and reduction of production costs. Additionally, the use of diets providing needed nutrients for the fast growth and adequate immune status of fish can be beneficial. In this way, pacu juveniles Piaractus mesopotamicus (36.9 l 2.8 g) were submitted to three feed strategies (continuous feeding; 3 days of restriction and 3 days of controlled refeeding; 3 days of restriction and 3 days of refeeding until apparent satiation) and two experimental diets (45 and 52% carbohydrate - CHO). Growth performance and energetic metabolism were evaluated at 36 and 84 days of feeding. After 84 days, fish were exposed to Dolops carvalhoi, and physiological responses were evaluated. Compensatory food intake was registered at 36 and 84 days, without compensatory growth. At 36 days of feeding, metabolic indicators suggested that pacu is able to mobilize endogenous energy stores. At 84 days od food restriction, pacu exhibited ability to keep its body homeostasis by mobilizing endogenous reserves, and to recover the tissue losses provoked by food restriction. Feed strategies and experimental diets did not affect the ability of pacu to face the parasite infestation. Cycles of food restriction and refeeding for short periods (3 days restriction/3 days refeeding) can be recommended for pacu in specific conditions, since no irreversible biological damage was detected and, in addition, reduction of production cost is possible. / Doutor

Efficacy of multidisciplinary inpatient treatment of feeding disordered children was sought through retrospective chart review of 40 G-tube dependent children ages 22 months to 7 years. Premature births were 55% of the sample ranging from 23 to 36 weeks gestation. The majority of co-occurring medical conditions included congenital anomalies (50%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (25%) and chronic lung disease (25%). Treatment effect analyzed from pre and post treatment measures of oral and G-tube caloric intakes resulted in a significant difference from admission to discharge for both oral intake, t (39) = 5.76, p < 0.001, d = 1.02, and G-tube dependency, t(39) = 10.94, p < 0.001, d = 2.03 with both showing strong treatment effects. Results indicated a highly reliable and valid method of treating severe pediatric feeding disorders.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MA (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / unrestricted

Abstract Superabsorbent water beads have found many uses as household decorative items, crafts, and other industrial uses. We report a case of ingestion of several LiquiBlock Rainbow brand superabsorbent beads by a ten month old girl leading to small bowel obstruction requiring laparotomy and removal of the beads.

Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) is currently being researched as a potential method to improve efficiency and decrease emissions for the next generation of commercial aircraft.  While re-energizing the boundary layer formed over the fuselage of an aircraft has many system level benefits, ingesting the low velocity boundary layer flow through a serpentine inlet into a turbofan engine adversely affects the performance of the engine.  The available literature has only yielded studies of the effects of this specific type of inlet distortion on engine performance in the form of numerical simulations.  This work seeks to provide an experimental analysis of the effects of BLI-type distortion on a turbofan engine's performance.  A modified JT15D-1 turbofan engine was investigated in this study.  Inlet flow distortion was created by a layered wire mesh distortion screen designed to create a total pressure distortion profile at the aerodynamic interface plane (AIP) similar to NASA's Inlet A boundary layer ingesting inlet flow profile.  Results of this investigation showed a 15.5% decrease in stream thrust and a 14% increase in TSFC in the presence of BLI-type distortion. Flow measurements at the AIP and the bypass nozzle exit plane provided information about the losses throughout the fan flow path.  The presence of the distortion screen resulted in a 24% increase in mass-averaged entropy production along the entire fan flow path compared to the non-distorted test.  A mass-averaged fan flow path efficiency was also calculated assuming an isentropic process as ideal.  The non-distorted fan flow path efficiency was computed to be 60%, while the distorted fan flow path efficiency was computed to be 50.5%, a reduction in efficiency of 9.5%.  The entropy generation between ambient conditions and the AIP was compared to the entropy production along the entire fan flow path.  It was found that the majority of entropy generation occurred between the AIP and bypass nozzle exit.  Based on flow measurements at the bypass nozzle exit plane, it was concluded that inlet flow distortion should be located away from the tip region of the fan in order to minimize losses in a very lossy region.  It was also determined that the fan and bypass duct process the different regions of the total pressure distortion in different ways.  In some regions the entropy production decreased for the distorted test compared to the clean test, while in other regions the entropy production increased for the distorted test compared to the clean test.  Finally, it was found that small improvements in total pressure and total temperature variation at the bypass nozzle exit plane will greatly improve the fan flow path efficiency and entropy generation, thereby decreasing performance losses. / Master of Science

<p> The present study has two objectives. The first is to apply a reliable and valid technique of eeg frequency analysis to the measurement of the human alpha rhythm. The second objective is to find a chemical agent which will alter an individual's dominant occipital frequency 2 Hz from its resting frequency. The techniques used are: dextrose ingestion, fasting, oxygen inhalation, hyperventilation, carbon dioxide inhalation, diamox, alcohol, librium and dexedrine. The treatments which did produce a 2 Hz shift in dominant frequency also produced new peaks in other parts of the frequency spectrum. Evidence is presented which suggests that the alpha rhythm can be made to fluctuate over a very narrow frequency range (approx. 1 Hz ).</p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

No description available.