The thesis is focused on analysis of the toxicity of the water seepage from landfill Kuchyňka. It is composed of theoretical part, which is engaged in waste management and its disposal. Then it is engaged in the process of landfill directed at water monitoring. The next part introduce into basic methods of ecotoxicology. The practical part of thesis is engaged in analysis of the water seepage and rainwater from landfill Kuchyňka. Those were tested and on semichronacal toxicity with seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba, L.). Thesis contains a description of this method, used materials and operating procedure. Then the results of the tests are summarized and evaluated. In results there are values of root growth inhibition and seed germination capacity in individual phases of test that are graphically presented. Thesis is supplemented with photographs of landfill and interpretation of test of toxicity.

The aim of this dissertation thesis was to ascertain the effects of a substances which are used or can be used in fisheries. The first group of tested substances were algaecides, the most common tool used for algae and cyanobacteria elimination. The second group consists of organic pigments, which can be used for fish mass-marking from early stages. The selection of the test organism for the toxicity tests was performed to represent the individual trophic levels of aquatic ecosystems: primary producers, zooplankton and fish. For acute toxicity tests and inhibition tests were used these algaecides: Guanicide, Pelargonic Acid, Polyaluminiumchloride (PAX 18), Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG), and Terbutryn. For the organic dyes testing was selected fluorescent dye Alizarin Red S and Alizarin Complexone. Algaecides were used in inhibition tests for green algae (Desmodesmus communis, Parachlorella kessleri) and cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp.), in immobilization test for zooplankton (Daphnia magna) and acute tests for fish (Danio rerio). The organic dyes were tested on fish for determination of effective and safe concentration.

This diploma thesis focuses on antibacterial effect of plant oils containing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eight chosen plant oils was defined as the mode of the lowest concentrations that were able to reduce the bacterial growth of 13 pathogenic and 6 beneficial intestinal strains of bacteria by 80 %. Coconut (Cocos nucifera), palm, red palm and palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis), Cuphea (C. lanceolata and C. ignea), babassu (Attalea speciosa, syn. Orbignya speciosa), tucuma (Astrocaryum vulgare), and muru-muru (Astrocaryum murumuru) oils were selected. Their antibacterial activity was tested towards following bacteria: Bifidobacterium animalis, B. longum, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus cecorum, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, S. infantis, S. typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. To identify the fatty acids composition of tested oils a gas chromatography was used. Consequently, the MIC of each oil towards all the bacteria was determined by a broth-microdilution test in 96-well microtitration plates. The essentiality of cleavage of selected oils by lipase was observed, in order to activate their antibacterial effect. None of the tested oils exhibited any potential to inhibit the growth of Gramnegative bacterial strains even after cleavage. Furthermore palm and palm red oil did not exhibit any antibacterial action towards any of the tested bacterial strains. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed in tucuma oil, that inhibited C. perfringens by MIC=0.14 mg/ml. Other oils inhibited the growth of C. perfringens in concentrations from 0.25 to 4.5 mg/ml. The growth of E. cecorum was inhibited by coconut, babassu, Cuphea, palm kernel, muru-muru and tucuma oil in MIC range between 1.12 - 4.5 mg/ml. The only compound active against L. monocytogenes was Cuphea oil (MIC 1.12 mg/ml). Oils that were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus strain showed MIC from 0.56 to 2.25 mg/ml (coconut, babassu, Cuphea, palm kernel, muru-muru and tucuma oil). Undetected susceptibility of B. animalis, B. longum, L. acidophilus and L. fermentum bacterial strains to tested oils was evaluated as a positive effect. According to the foregoing statements, it can be concluded that the plant oils containing MCFA show antibacterial effect towards Grampositive strains of bacteria after their cleavage by lipase. No showed influence to beneficial intestinal microflora can be a big advantage.

Thesis on Evaluation of the toxicity of the water seepage from landfill Kuchyňky is engaged in legislation, waste management, statistical data in the beginning. Then there is a theoretical description of the process of landfill, division of landfills and characteristics of the basic methods of ecotoxicology. The next part is devoted to informations about landfill Zdounky Kuchyňky, its location, natural conditions and monitoring data on the landfill. Then the chapter is devoted to the description of the test of growth of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) on water seepage from landfill Kuchyňky. In the last part of the thesis there is the evaluation of the results of a toxicity test of water seepage and rainwater from landfill Kuchyňky.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of lactic acid bacteria in oenology and study of their inhibition. It includes the research of the available resources aimed at this topic, including the recent practical knowledge. It focuses on the general characteristics and taxonomy of lactic acid bacteria, describes the genes present in wine production, their development, metabolism and the associated sensory changes or currently known inhibition methods. The practical focus of the thesis is the study of the possibility of using the antibacterial effects of silver compounds against undesirable lactic acid bacteria in wine technology. Within the research, were established appropriate microbiological experiments and examined the influence of different doses of selected inhibitory agents: silver nitrate, colloidal silver and silver nanoparticles on the development and metabolic activity of bacteria of the species Pediococcus damnosus strain CCM 2465. The experiment proved certain inhibitory effects of all the compounds, whereas better results were achieved with silver nitrate and colloidal silver.

Title: The Appearance of the reflex locomotion elements in the hurdle clearance stride Thesis Objective: The main objective of this thesis is to state the frequency of the presence of reciprocal inhibition (RI) and cross extensor reflex (CI - contralateral inhibition) during hurdle overrun. Methods: The subjects were tested during running over three hurdles with modified distances similar to the 110m hurdles. The height of the hurdles was set to 0,99 m. The muscle activity was monitored by surface electromyography and video was recorded simultaneously. The hurdle clearance was divided into particular phases which altogether formed one cycle. Collected data was analyzed by the software Megawin (rectification, smoothing, and synchronization with camera) and subsequently converted into software MATLAB. Nine cycles of each subject were averaged. Such modified cycle was evaluated consequently. Results: Reflex locomotion (RI and CI) was presented more often in the group with less experience with the hurdles. Co-activation of antagonist muscles was typical for the group consisting of more experienced individuals, rather than RI and CI. Key Words: hurdles, biomechanics, sEMG, reciprocal inhibition, contralateral inhibition

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Andrea Homerová Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Novotná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interaction of natural substances with human aldo-keto reductase 7A2 and other important carbonyl reducing enzymes Reduction of carbonyl group is one of the phase I metabolism reactions, which is responsible for production of more polar metabolites, enables conjugation in process of biotransformation, excretion of the molecule and it also causes decrease in reactivity and biological activity of the molecule. Endogenous as well as exogenous compounds undergo this reaction and carbonyl reducing enzymes are the ones which possess this reducing activity. Based on the structure, we can divide the enzymes into several groups: short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases, medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases, aldo-keto reductases and quinone reductases. Inhibition of carbonyl reducing enzymes appears to be a promising aim of research. It is important to take into consideration that by inhibiting carbonyl reducing enzymes it is possible to reduce production of less active, but more toxic metabolites, for example in anthracycline chemoteraputics daunorubicin and doxorubicin and that can lead to change in therapy of cancer. This study...

This thesis was focused to finding chemicals an other methods that are able to reduce or replace the dose of sulfur dioxide in the wine industry. Introductory chapters deal with sulfur dioxide - its specific characteristics and forms which can be used in wine practice and way of its particular application. It was also processed a large number of literary resources with different complementary methods and provide an overview. Methods, described in this thesis, have been previously tested and they had some potential in reducing sulfur dioxide doses during the production of wine. Thesis mainly describes the interesting physical methods but the most important part of this thesis is description of chemicals with different properties and structures. The main essence of this work was experiment which studied two chemicals to reduce the doses of SO2 -- dimethyldicarbonate and higher fatty acids. The actual experiment was based on the inhibition of the four tested microorganisms in fermenting must of variety 'Marlen' and in saline (only in the case of Brettanomyces bruxellensis). Its output was counting the colonies grown on Petri dishes followed by consequential graphical demonstration of the sensitivity these microorganisms to dimethyldicarbonate and higher fatty acids.

This diploma thesis evaluates the ability of a monoterpene S-carvone (main component of caraway oil) to inhibit the sprouting of stored potatoes intended for further processing into a food products. Then it evaluates the influence of carvone's special treatment on selected qualitative parameters of potato chips. For this experiment, two concentrations of carvone were selected (8 and 32 microliters per liter), applied altogether 4-times on stored potatoes within 3-week intervals. For this application a modified chromatograph was used to ensure a uniform dispersion of the compound. Special treatment was being done for a period of 10 minutes, while each variant of this treatment had 3 repetitions. After each treatment the inhibition effect of carvone on the growth of sprouts was evaluated. Also, there was an evaluation of the content of reducing sugars using the Luff-Schoorl method. Potato chips were repeatedly produced from the treated potatoes. Instrumental measuring of the texture of these potato chips was done on a testing device Instron. Potato chips were also a subject to a sensory evaluation to find out the degree of influence on organoleptic properties. On the basis of the results, the inhibition effect had been confirmed only in the treatment by carvone with a concentration 32 microliters per liter. The variant of treatment by 8 microliters per liter provided the same results as the control variant. Content of reducing sugars in a tuber had not been influenced by a treatment by S-carvone. During the instrumental measuring of textural properties, a significant difference between control and variants treatment by carvone had been confirmed only after the second and fourth treatment. These chips had shown higher maximal strength needed for crunching of potato chip in comparison with the control. On the basis of the sensory profile of potato chips, no organoleptic properties had been influenced even after the fourth treatment with carvone of stored potatoes. Essential oils and its active substances represent a suitable substitution for used synthetic substances, because there had been recognized no negative effect of carvone on the qualitative parameters.

Deammonification is biological process, where ammonia is removed out of the wastewater. Advantages, compared to traditional nitrification/denitrification, consist in saving energy used to aeration and lower requirements to organic substrate. Anammox bacteria, which are realizing the process are very sensitive. Their optimal temperature is about 35 °C to 45 °C. In real life, the treatment of wastewater runs in lower temperature. This thesis is focused on the influence of temperature fluctuation on efficiency of deammonification. For the experiment was used model with CSTR reactor, which deals with adjusted sludge water from anaerobic sludge stabilization. Sludge water from ÚČOV Praha was diluted by tap water and nitrite nitrogen was added. Anammox bacteria were cultivated in form of suspension (activated sludge), which was obtained in anammox reactor from estonian university in Tartu. The experiment lasted 280 days. It was divided into three phases, depending on changing temperature. In the first part, the average temperature was 23,3 °C, in the second part 27,5 °C, and in the third part was setted up the temperature decrease from 27 °C to 16,2 °C. The volume load of Ntotal was between 0,024 and 0,174 kg/(m3.d). With increasing temperature was noticed increasing efficiency of N-amon and N- NO2- removal. The hypothesis, that anammox rector can be succesfully operated in low temperature (18,3 °C), was confirmed. Inhibition caused by temperature was noticed under 16,2 °C. At this point, efficiency of removal N-amon, N-NO2-, N-NO3- and Ntotal decreased. Anammox bacteria approved ability to deal with short-term (1 week) temperature drop. After increase of temperature from 16,2 °C back to 23,9 °C, it was detected high ability to remove nitrogen forms. Average effectivity of Ntotal removal was 45,1 %. Higher efficiency was reached of N-amon, it was 72,0 %. During the experiment was removed 88,9 % N-NO2-. Because of the collected results, we can say, the annamox reactor can be sucessfully run in lower temperatures around 16,2 °C, if inhibition caused by temperature is short-term.