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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-15T11:18:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilma Moreira de Sousa - 2015.pdf: 7674658 bytes, checksum: f3ccb13ec9b9825208853c50c6774598 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-15T11:28:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilma Moreira de Sousa - 2015.pdf: 7674658 bytes, checksum: f3ccb13ec9b9825208853c50c6774598 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-15T11:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilma Moreira de Sousa - 2015.pdf: 7674658 bytes, checksum: f3ccb13ec9b9825208853c50c6774598 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / To analyze the practices and knowledge in administration medication intramuscularly between nurses and nursing auxiliaries/ technicians in fixed pre-hospital emergency units of Goiânia -Go Methodology: descriptive, exploratory cross-sectional study, the research was conducted in the period February to May 2014. the study population consisted of nurses, technicians and nursing auxiliaries of fixed pre- hospital units and pediatric clinical urgency of Goiânia -Go , was investigated demographic data partners, knowledge acquired in vocational training and clinical practice in the conduct of drug delivery techniques intramuscularly ( IM ). Results: the study 176 nursing professional, 58 nurses and 111 nursing technicians and seven nursing auxiliaries. And 91.5% were female with an average age between 31 and 40 years and 60.3% had up to 10 years of experience in nursing. 99.0% of nursing auxiliaries / technicians mentioned that perform the IM for drug delivery regularly, while nurses, 32.7% and 5.2% rarely ever do. The deltoid muscle (100% and 95.6%) and dorsal gluteal (96.6% and 98.1%) were the regions that nurses and nursing auxiliaries / technicians, respectively said it had more information and practice during the course formation. 29.4 % of nurses and 32.3 % of nursing auxiliaries / technicians cited who did not know the technical ventral gluteal while students. The criteria cited for choosing the drug administration site were: the volume of the drug, size of muscles, needle size, thickness of fat tissue, user preference, and the service daily practice. Since the daily practice was mention ed more often by auxiliaries / technicians nursing (27.1%) already by nurses was 8.6%, this difference was statistically significant (p=0.005). The dorsal gluteal region back is the most used IM to drug use in adults, both by nurses (56.6%) and by auxiliarie / technicians nursing (69.8%). The experience of nurses in drug delivery in all regions was 64.9% while the auxiliaries / technicians nursing was 41.0% which is statistically significant difference between the categories (p=0.003). Conclusion It was found that the IM medication administration are not implemented in accordance with the recommendations in the literature, for much of the nurses and nursing auxiliaries / technicians claiming that the knowledge acquired during the training were insufficient to act in professional practice. The regions most commonly used drug for IM administration were dorsal gluteal in children and adults and the vastus lateralis thigh in neonates and infants. Poor adherence of nursing professionals, medication administration in the ventral gluteal region was justified by the insecurity in the technical implementation and the lack of knowledge in the correct identification of the place. Therefore the result of this study highlights the need to invest in continuing education , making nursing professionals to act safely and ethically in daily activities the role of nursing requires reflective practices based on scientific evidence , to ensure the safety of the professional and the patient. / Analisar as práticas e conhecimentos em administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular entre enfermeiros e auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem em unidades préhospitalares fixas de urgência de Goiânia-Go Metodologia: estudo descritivo, exploratório de corte transversal, a pesquisa foi realizada no período de fevereiro a maio de 2014. A população do estudo constituiu-se de enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem das unidades préhospitalares fixas de urgência clínica e pediátrica de Goiânia-Go, foi investigado os dados sócios demográficos, conhecimentos adquiridos na formação profissional e a prática clínica na execução das técnicas de administração de medicamento por via intramuscular (IM). Resultados: participaram do estudo 176 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 58 enfermeiros e 111 técnicos de enfermagem e sete auxiliares de enfermagem. Sendo 91,5% do sexo feminino com idade média entre 31 e 40 anos e 60,3% possuíam até 10 anos de atuação na enfermagem. 99,0% dos auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem citaram que realizavam a administração de medicamento por via IM regularmente, enquanto que os enfermeiros, 32,7% raramente e 5,2% nunca o faziam. O músculo deltoide (100% e 95,6%) e dorso glúteo (96,6% e 98,1%) foram as regiões mais citadas pelos enfermeiros e auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem como conhecimento adquirido durante o curso de formação profissional, 29,4% dos enfermeiros e 32,3% dos auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem citaram que não conheceram a técnica ventro glútea enquanto estudantes. Os critérios citados para a escolha do local da administração do medicamento foram: o volume da droga, tamanho da musculatura, tamanho da agulha, espessura do tecido adiposo, preferência do usuário, e prática cotidiana do serviço. Sendo que a prática cotidiana foi mais citada pelos auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem (27,1%) já pelos enfermeiros foi de 8,6%, esta diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,005). A região dorso glútea apresentou como a mais utilizada para administração de medicamento IM em adultos, tanto pelos enfermeiros (56,6%) quanto pelos auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem (69,8%). A experiência dos enfermeiros na administração de medicamento em todas as regiões foi de 64,9% enquanto dos auxiliares/técnicos foi de 41,0% sendo esta uma diferença entre as categorias estatisticamente significante (p=0,003). Conclusão: Verificou-se que a administração do medicamento IM não são executadas de acordo com o preconizado na literatura, grande parte dos enfermeiros e auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem alegaram que os conhecimentos adquiridos durante a formação profissional em relação à administração de medicamento injetáveis por via IM foram insuficientes para a atuação na prática profissional. As regiões mais utilizadas para a administração de medicamento IM foram a dorso glútea em crianças e adultos e a vasto lateral da coxa em recém-nascidos e lactentes. A pouca adesão dos profissionais de enfermagem, na administração de medicamentos na região ventro glútea foi justificada pela insegurança na execução da técnica e pela falta de conhecimentos na identificação correta do local. Portanto o resultado desse estudo evidencia a necessidade de investimentos em educação permanente, fazendo com que os profissionais de enfermagem atuem de forma segura e ética nas atividades do cotidiano. A atuação da enfermagem exige práticas reflexivas, baseadas em evidências cientificas, que garanta a segurança do profissional e do paciente.

The current opioid crisis has, among other things, resulted in soaring rates of fatal overdose across Canada, prompting officials to turn to harm reduction in hopes of combatting the epidemic. The Coroners Service of British Columbia issued a statement in March 2017 reporting an 80% increase in the number of deaths resulting from illicit drug use in 2016 from 2015 (Coroners Service of British Columbia, 2017). Despite the abundance of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of supervised injection services (SIS) in Canada and worldwide, the implementation of this intervention has remained highly controversial, particularly in Ottawa. Guided by Michel Foucault’s theory of governmentality, this thesis explores the obstacles hindering the implementation of supervised injection services in Ottawa, Ontario. Through eight qualitative semi-structured interviews with front-line workers of harm reduction programs, this thesis identifies and explores several obstacles to the implementation of SIS, primarily bureaucratic obstacles stemming from the enactment of the Respect for Communities Act (2015).

With the ever-increasing level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there is an enormous need to find new ways to minimize CO2 emissions. One way to tackle this problem is with Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). BECCS is a new technology, which captures CO2 from biomass and stores it geologically. As biomass is considered to be CO2-neutral, this technology creates negative emissions and could thus in the long run decrease the level of CO2 in the atmosphere. There is currently a large unawareness of BECCS as a mitigation technology, preventing the break through as it does not receive enough attention and most importantly enough funding or promotion by incentives. By introducing small-scale showcase units to policy makers and the industry, BECCS as a technology with its many benefits can be successfully demonstrated. During this project, an extensive literature review has been done in order to evaluate the current status of the technology and to investigate the maturity and possibilities in the field to introduce small-scale units. Injection sites worldwide have been contacted, to research the possibilities of external small-scale projects to inject CO2. These sites are strictly regulated and it is therefore difficult to inject as an external partner. Industry and field experts were also contacted regarding the different technologies and their scalability. The various capture technologies have potential to work in small scale. As most technologies, the capture technologies used in BECCS processes are first developed in micro-scale in laboratories. This means that the technologies are known to work in small scale, the problem being that they are not commercially available and therefore questions regarding reliability and economy remain to be solved.