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The new generation wireless broadband access technology-WiMAX¡]Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access¡^, possessing advanced features, such as higher transmission rates, longer transmission distances and wider coverage, is considered as one of the key technologies that can affect the future development of wireless telecommunications industry. Taiwan has ranked it a priority developing industry and has integrated the strengths of industries, government agencies, academia and research institutes to aggressively promote it in order to establish a more complete miniature of WiMAX industry chain. For the purposes of attracting information industry to enter this field, encouraging new applied services and development and achieving the goal of bringing services to push forward industry, the National Communication Commission¡]NCC¡^has issued 3 wireless broadband access business licenses in both north and south areas on July 2007. The bid-winners all adopts WiMAX technology to set up broadband mobile network, and provides services. Thus, at present, the wireless broadband access business is equal to WiMAX business. Therefore, the development of WiMAX industry plays a decisive role in Taiwan¡¦s economic development, its effecting level to the whole economic impact deserves analyzing and researching carefully. Based mainly on the Input-Output model, this study uses ex post facto comparison group and domestic concepts to combine the viewpoints of industrial analysis with the categories of 2004 Input-Output Table published by National Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C., and then, adjusts Input-Output Table into 40 departments according to the policy of developing WiMAX that aggressively pushes forward the equipment and applied service fields. After that, defines related industries of network setup area and proceeds industry categorizing. Furthermore, this research does the analysis of Input-Output related effects and of multiplier effect so as to determine the role what it can play in the whole economic system. In the meanwhile, this study predicts the economic benefits of future development in setting up WiMAX and the operating period and the spurring effect of other related industries. The following are the research results¡G 1. In the next 3 years period and 5 years period of developing WiMAX network, the estimated total amount of investments will 21,549 million NT dollars and 37,291 million NT dollars each . It is predicted that there will be a whole output of domestic economic system of 34,489 million NT dollars and 59,685 million NT dollars; the created income effect will be 7,675 million NT dollars and 13,282 million NT dollars; the employment will be 7,588 jobs and 13,131 jobs each. 2. In the next 3 years period and 5 years period of operation, the estimated final demand variation amount will be 18,006 million NT dollars and 101,961 million NT dollars each by WiMAX services to customer. It is predicted that there will be a whole output of economic system of 27,063 million NT dollars and 153,249 million NT dollars; the created income effect will be 11,760 million NT dollars and 66,595 million NT dollars; the employment will be 4,766 jobs, 26,987 jobs. In sum, the promotion of WiMAX network construction will have positive influencing effect on the domestic economic growth and the development of every kind of industry.

This thesis examines the economic impact of two alternative canning plant sizes in Scott County, Virginia. The impacts of a community cannery as well as a commercial cannery are analyzed with respect to changes in output, employment, and income. Several uses for the commercial cannery are considered, such as specialization in different product categories. In both cases, an input-output model is used to evaluate the effects of the operation of the cannery in the county. The results indicate that the impact of the commercial cannery is significantly larger than the community cannery. Specialization of the commercial cannery in the Canned Specialties sector has the largest impact with respect to industry output and labor income while specialization in the Sausages and Other Prepared Meats sector has the largest impact with respect to employment. / Master of Science

The South is one of the leading timber producing regions in the world. Monitoring economic contribution of the forest products industry in the South over time is thus crucial in addressing critical economic issues and in understanding important industry trends. This study reports the economic impacts for the four forest-based industry (forestry, lumber and wood products, paper and allied products, and wood furniture) for 13 southern states, individually as well as regionally, and compares to 2001, the last comprehensive study of the industry in the South. During the study period, the industry’s employment decreased by 33.35% and earnings in real terms decreased by 18.44%. However, value of shipments and manufacturing valueded for the industry in real terms increased by 59.21% and 68.22% respectively. Therefore, despite of disproportionate impacts of the current recession and decline in housing starts, the industry still is an important component of the South’s economy.

Neste trabalho, utiliza-se o modelo de insumo-produto de Leontief, em sua variante nacional, estática e aberta, para quantificar alguns benefícios indiretos gerados por um investimento em construção e manutenção de obras de infra-estrutura de transporte. Estes benefícios são conseqüência do aumento da produção gerado pelo investimento, uma vez que há uma parcela de produção de qualquer bem ou serviço que corresponde a um aumento de riqueza para a região receptora do investimento. Procura-se mostrar que esse aumento de riqueza deve ser considerado como um beneficio indireto adicional, e que a busca da identificação da magnitude desse valor adicionado à economia pode fazer a diferença entre múltiplas alternativas de investimento. Sugere-se que o resultado dessa quantificação possa fazer parte de métodos mais flexíveis de avaliação como os métodos multi-objetivos e multi-critérios. / At this work, the national static open Leontief\'s input-output model is used in order to measure some indirect benefits generated as a consequence of investment in construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure facilities. These benefits are generated by an increase in production, once there is always a part of the production of goods and services which implies on a growth of wealth for the region into which the investment is applied. It is shown that this increase of wealth has to be taken in to account as an additional indirect benefit, and that searching for identification of the magnitude of that value added into the economy could make the difference among several investment alternatives. It is suggested that the results of that measurement could be considered in more flexible evaluation methods, such as multi-objectives and multi-criteria methods.

Neste trabalho, utiliza-se o modelo de insumo-produto de Leontief, em sua variante nacional, estática e aberta, para quantificar alguns benefícios indiretos gerados por um investimento em construção e manutenção de obras de infra-estrutura de transporte. Estes benefícios são conseqüência do aumento da produção gerado pelo investimento, uma vez que há uma parcela de produção de qualquer bem ou serviço que corresponde a um aumento de riqueza para a região receptora do investimento. Procura-se mostrar que esse aumento de riqueza deve ser considerado como um beneficio indireto adicional, e que a busca da identificação da magnitude desse valor adicionado à economia pode fazer a diferença entre múltiplas alternativas de investimento. Sugere-se que o resultado dessa quantificação possa fazer parte de métodos mais flexíveis de avaliação como os métodos multi-objetivos e multi-critérios. / At this work, the national static open Leontief\'s input-output model is used in order to measure some indirect benefits generated as a consequence of investment in construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure facilities. These benefits are generated by an increase in production, once there is always a part of the production of goods and services which implies on a growth of wealth for the region into which the investment is applied. It is shown that this increase of wealth has to be taken in to account as an additional indirect benefit, and that searching for identification of the magnitude of that value added into the economy could make the difference among several investment alternatives. It is suggested that the results of that measurement could be considered in more flexible evaluation methods, such as multi-objectives and multi-criteria methods.

Abstract This study analyses the significance of goods production and services to regional employment. As a part of this study, a regional input-output model has been created in which the employment of different industries is determined by their own and each others’ final demand, the productivity of the labour input and the production-income-consumption dependencies of the industries. In the empirical results attention is mainly paid on the changes to the employment structure in 2002 and the subsequent five-year period. Four Finnish provinces were represented in this study: Northern Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, Lapland and Uusimaa. The specialisation of the regions causes differences both in the structure and the development of their employment. Of the regions, focus has been primarily on Northern Ostrobothnia, which has specialised strongly in the manufacture of electronic products during the last two decades. In Kainuu and Lapland, the main industries are primary production, basic manufacturing industries and public services. In Uusimaa, where private services are concentrated, the production basis is clearly different from the northern provinces. In all four regions, exports and public consumption have together maintained approximately 80 per cent of the employment in 2002. In Northern Ostrobothnia, exports of electronic products are significant to employment in the service industry as well. The significance of public consumption is greatest in Kainuu and Lapland. In Uusimaa, private services play a central part in employment. A total of one-fifth of the employment in all these regions is maintained by gross capital formation and the exogenous consumption of private households. The income basis of this consumption consists of pensions, unemployment benefits and other transfers of income, the significance of which is greatest in small provinces. Final demand is a central factor in the future development of employment, so its regional prospects should be taken into consideration in the economic policy. In strong, export-oriented regions, background support for companies and counter-cyclical measures might be sufficient. In small and peripheral provinces, continuous and extensive activity is needed for maintaining sufficient demand. The common goal should be to reinforce the production and income basis of the region. / Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa analysoidaan tavarantuotannon ja palvelujen merkitystä alueiden työllisyydessä. Osana tutkimusta on laadittu alueellinen panos-tuotosmalli, jossa toimialojen työllisyys määräytyy niiden omasta ja toistensa loppukysynnästä, työn tuottavuudesta sekä toimialojen tuotanto-, tulo- ja kulutusriippuvuuksista. Empiirisissä tuloksissa päähuomio on alueiden työllisyyden vuoden 2002 rakenteessa ja sen jälkeisellä viisivuotiskaudella tapahtuneissa muutoksissa. Tutkimuksessa on edustettuna neljä Suomen maakuntaa: Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, Kainuu, Lappi ja Uusimaa. Alueiden erikoistuminen aiheuttaa eroja sekä niiden työllisyyden rakenteeseen että kehitykseen. Tutkimuksen tuloksissa on paneuduttu yksityiskohtaisimmin Pohjois-Pohjanmaahan, joka on kahden viime vuosikymmenen kuluessa erikoistunut vahvasti sähkötekniseen teollisuuteen. Kainuussa ja Lapissa keskeisiä toimialoja ovat alkutuotanto, perusteollisuus ja yhteiskunnalliset palvelut. Uusimaa valtakunnallisena palvelukeskittymänä poikkeaa tuotantoperustaltaan selvästi pohjoisista maakunnista. Kaikilla neljällä alueella vienti ja julkinen kulutus yhdessä ovat ylläpitäneet noin 80 prosenttia työllisyydestä vuonna 2002. Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla sähköteknisen teollisuuden viennillä on tärkeä asema myös palvelujen työllisyydessä. Julkisen kulutuksen merkitys on suurin Kainuussa ja Lapissa. Uudellamaalla keskeinen asema työllisyydessä on yksityisillä palveluilla. Kaikkien alueiden työllisyydestä yhteensä viidenneksen turvaavat pääoman bruttomuodostus sekä kotitalouksien eksogeeninen kulutus. Tämän, alueiden tuotannosta riippumattoman kulutuksen tuloperustaa ovat eläkkeet, työttömyyskorvaukset ja muut tulonsiirrot, joilla on suurin merkitys pienissä maakunnissa. Loppukysyntä on keskeinen taustavaikuttaja työllisyyden tulevassa kehityksessä, joten sen alueelliset kehitysnäkymät tulisi ottaa talouspolitiikassa huomioon. Vahvoilla, vientiin suuntautuneilla alueilla taustatuki yrityksille ja suhdannepolitiikka saattavat riittää. Sen sijaan pienissä ja perifeerisissä maakunnissa riittävän kysynnän ylläpitäminen edellyttää pysyvää ja laaja-alaista vaikuttamista. Sen yhteisenä pyrkimyksenä tulee olla alueen tuotanto- ja tuloperustan vahvistaminen.

The aim of master thesis is to analyze the impact of electricity generation from wind on investment activities of CEPS's company, and also to assess the impact of these investments on the Czech economy. The work familiarizes readers with reasons for the development of the transmission system in the Czech Republic, with the concept of blackout and also with apparatus of assessing the impact of investment on the economy of the selected state -- input-output model analysis. The method used to obtain data for this work is based on the literature review, as well as expert advice on the input-output model, consultation with the experts in CEPS and the data provided by them. The theoretical part deals with Czech transmission system, and it is followed by the development of wind energy construction and the problems associated with it, with blackout and readiness of the Czech Republic to the possible failure in electricity supply. In the practical part, there are measures that are built in order to prevent the risk of blackouts in the Czech Republic, there is a more detailed examination of the Plan of development and rehabilitation of Czech transmission system, and there is also described the process of construction of analytical input-output apparatus for analyzing the impact of CEPS's development investments on the Czech economy, approximated by GDP.

After timber harvesting, carbon in wood is transferred to products pool and remains entrapped for a considerable time. It is necessary to estimate this carbon flux in the harvested wood products (HWP); otherwise, carbon emission estimates of a country will be overestimated at the time of harvest. Furthermore, carbon estimates of the HWP must be assessed for uncertainties which need to be reduced as far as possible. Environmental implications might be associated with the HWP traded in the national and international markets. In the current context, there is a lack of economic-environmental studies that relate to the trade of HWP. The first part of this dissertation estimated the U.S. HWP contribution to carbon removals or emissions from 1990 to 2014 using the stock-change, production, atmospheric flow, and simple decay approaches. It concluded that the U.S. HWP stored carbon under all accounting approaches. Net annual carbon stored in the HWP, however, declined under all approaches from 1990 to 2014. The second part of the dissertation investigated uncertainty in the estimates of carbon stock in HWP using Monte Carlo simulation. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results showed that the net annual carbon accumulation in HWP was affected by uncertainty associated with input parameters. Carbon estimates in the HWP were most sensitive to uncertainty in the parameter for the carbon conversion factor for roundwood. The third part of the dissertation used a multi-regional input-output model to analyze embodied carbon emissions in the U.S. trade of HWP with its major trading partners – Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and Russia. Results demonstrated that the U.S. was a net importer of carbon emissions involving HWP. China was the major contributor of imported emissions, and Canada was the biggest recipient of the U.S. exported emissions. The consumption-based method had a higher emissions inventory in the HWP than the production-based method. Per-capita emissions in the HWP increased with an increase in per-capita GDP. These studies can be informative for policy makers in incorporating HWP in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, and in understanding the economic-environmental relationships of international trade of HWP.

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