Rapid advancement in technology and increased trade across national borders led to an international trend towards valuing technology and knowledge-based assets. Consequently, there is a growing recognition that adequate intellectual property protection of all forms - patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets ?? are necessary in order to sustain a firm??s competitive advantage created by these assets. The importance of protecting intellectual property rights is particularly crucial in cultural industries such as music industry. By examining the link between the operation of multinational recording companies and the institutional environment of copyright in Korea, this thesis attempts to demonstrate the role of MNEs in shaping the institutional environment of the host country. \r\n\r\nThe institutional perspective provides the theoretical foundation for this thesis. The focus of the institutional theorists in International Business so far has been limited to the unidirectional flow of influence in the host country institution and MNE link ?? MNE as an organisation shaped by host country institution. By examining three aspects of copyright institution of Korea ??regulative, industrial and cognitive aspects- we contend that institutional environment is not static, but evolves dynamically over time and the evolution reflects the dual institutional pressure. That is, institutions both affect and are affected by MNEs.

Rapid advancement in technology and increased trade across national borders led to an international trend towards valuing technology and knowledge-based assets. Consequently, there is a growing recognition that adequate intellectual property protection of all forms - patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets ?? are necessary in order to sustain a firm??s competitive advantage created by these assets. The importance of protecting intellectual property rights is particularly crucial in cultural industries such as music industry. By examining the link between the operation of multinational recording companies and the institutional environment of copyright in Korea, this thesis attempts to demonstrate the role of MNEs in shaping the institutional environment of the host country. \r\n\r\nThe institutional perspective provides the theoretical foundation for this thesis. The focus of the institutional theorists in International Business so far has been limited to the unidirectional flow of influence in the host country institution and MNE link ?? MNE as an organisation shaped by host country institution. By examining three aspects of copyright institution of Korea ??regulative, industrial and cognitive aspects- we contend that institutional environment is not static, but evolves dynamically over time and the evolution reflects the dual institutional pressure. That is, institutions both affect and are affected by MNEs.

L’état de guerre permanent dans lequel est plongée l’Italie au début du XVIème siècle inaugure un nouvel espace politique qui ne va pas sans modifier la langue et le lexique politiques. Cette étude se consacre à un corpus peu exploité, celui des registres des Consulte e Pratiche della Repubblica fiorentina, procès-verbaux des réunions où le gouvernement florentin convoquait les citoyens les plus « sages » afin de recueillir leurs avis sur la politique à suivre. Pour le philologue politique, l’examen de ces verbali, conduit de concert avec l’étude des écrits politiques de la même époque, notamment machiavéliens, permet d’une part de désenclaver ces registres municipaux de leur marginalité historiographique, et d’autre part de dé-machiavéliser un certain nombre de termes, d’images, de représentations, de notions, non pour les assigner à d’autres, mais pour tenter de cerner ce qui fait les contours d’une voix et d’une parole collective. / Wars raging in Italy at the beginning of the XVIth century outline a new political space which alters the usual language of power and politics. In this context, our study concentrates on a quite forsaken corpus : the Consulte e Pratiche della Repubblica fiorentina. These texts gather the proceedings and the minutes of the meetings where « savi cittadini », summoned by the Signoria, tried to deliver advices and judgments on the current political affairs. From a philological and political perspectives, these verbali allow to restore the pratica in its central fonction of counselling and discussing all important political matters in Florence, between 1494 and 1512. They permit also to have a closer insight upon the machiavellian terminology, by stressing out all the common lexical sources and images where consiglieri and members of the political elite alike used to find a general frame for their thoughts. By doing so, this study emphatizes the diversity and the richness of a republican institution, the pratica, during times of troubles and violence.

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