The National Credit Act 34 of 2005 introduced measures in an attempt to prevent overspending by consumers and, more importantly measures to prevent credit providers from lending money to consumers who cannot afford either to pay the loan amount or the interest on the loan amount. A debtor who becomes over-indebted may apply for debt review. The NCA also provide for the reorganisation of debt of a person who is overindebted, to afford such person the opportunity to survive the immediate consequences of his financial distress. Its purpose is to inter alia, prevent reckless credit granting and address the problem of over-indebted and in particular to protect the consumer. The sequestration process in terms of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 may provide debt relief to individual debtors because following the sequestration order the debtor may be rehabilitated. Rehabilitation has the effect of discharging all pre-sequestration debt and further relieving the debtor of every disability resulting from sequestration. The debtor can apply sequestration by way of voluntary surrender while it is possible for a creditor to sequestrate a debtor's estate by way of compulsory sequestration. The process of compulsory sequestration is often used as a debt relief measure in form of a so-called friendly sequestration. In a friendly sequestration the debtor will arrange with a friend or a family member to whom he owes a debt that he will commit an act of insolvency in terms of section 8(g), that is, where the debtor gives written notice to a creditor that he is unable to pay all or any of his debts. When enacting the NCA, the legislature did not specifically make any mention of the Insolvency Act. The question is whether the NCA impact on the Insolvency Act. However the court in Ex Parte Ford And Two Similar Cases 2009 3 SA 376 (WCC) held that section 85 of the NCA was applicable to proceedings under voluntary surrender. The court further held that an application for voluntary surrender should not be granted where the machinery of the NCA was the appropriate mechanism to be used. In Investec Bank. v Mutemeri 2010 1 SA 265 (GSJ) the court held that section 130(1) do not apply to sequestration because an application for sequestration is not application for enforcement of the sequestrating creditor‟s claim. It is therefore not subject to the requirement of section 130(1) of the NCA. The court also held that an application by a credit provider for the sequestration of a consumer does not constitute litigation or a judicial process in terms of section 88(3). On Appeal in the case of Naidoo v Absa (391/2009)[2010] ZASCA 72 (27 May 2010) the Supreme Court of Appeal confirmed the decision of Mutemeri. The appeal court held that a credit provider need not to comply with section 129(1)(a) before instituting sequestration proceedings against a debtor. The research will be conducted as to whether the NCA impact on the Insolvency Act. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

The subject of this thesis is the operation of corporate insolvency law in post-colonial India. Indian corporate insolvency law has been widely condemned as dysfunctional, critics complaining of extreme delays and a series of associated harms to creditors in the disposal of formal proceedings. Surprisingly little is known, however, about why the law has ‘failed’ creditors in this way - why the law operates as it does. That is the question that motivates this thesis. The thesis reports the results of an in-depth study of the introduction and development of India’s two principal insolvency procedures for corporate debtors: liquidation (under the Companies Act 1956) and rescue (under the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act 1985, for industrial companies). The most significant contribution made by the thesis is the reporting of new evidence of the influence of judges on the development of these two insolvency procedures over time, drawn from an original analysis of a large body of Indian case law. This evidence suggests that the role of the courts (or more specifically, the role of judges) has been significantly underestimated in previous attempts to explain the demise of corporate insolvency law in post-colonial India.

The position of insolvency trustee and its equivalent under the laws of Kingdom of Spain The purpose of this thesis was to describe main features of Czech and Spanish legal regulation of insolvency trustee respectively insolvency administration and also to point out to some of the major differences between these two legal orders and pros and cons of concrete legal regulation. This thesis is divided into five chapters. Opening chapter reflects a concept of insolvency law and its understanding and basic characteristic in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. Further it also describes inclusion of insolvency law into the legal system and its sources. The second chapter is dedicated to the matter of insolvency proceedings in the Kingdom of Spain. This chapter was included to this thesis for better understanding of this matter, due to the fact that it is not possible to describe the position of insolvency administration without knowledge of wider context and character of Spanish insolvency proceedings or at least it would be considerably difficult and it would exclude understanding of some of the institutes or procedures of insolvency administration. Succeeding this part there are two chapters each of which is dedicated to one of the legal orders. The third chapter deals with the Czech insolvency...

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the process of debt collection in insolvency proceed-ings, to define the rights and obligations of all parties to the proceedings and to apply in practice. The whole thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the issue of claims enforcement from the theoretical point of view. There is defined the insolvency pro-ceedings and the ways of it is solution, the typology of claims, review and subsequent satisfaction of claims. The conclusion of the theoretical part of the thesis is a brief com-parison of insolvency proceedings in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The second part of the thesis builds on the previous theoretical knowledge and analyses the process of asserting claims in a real Czech company. The subject of the research is to analyse the methodological processes of the company in the event that the client en-ters into insolvency proceedings. The practical part of the thesis also includes the appli-cation of the claim according to the methodological procedures of the company. Based on the information obtained through application practice in a particular company, the thesis concludes with de lege ferenda proposals with regard to current sources of law.

This dissertation deals with the legal aspects of bankruptcy. Bankruptcy is one of the ways of resolving insolvency, which was incorporated in the Czech legislation in 2008. The first part contains a literature review and also analyses the applicable legis lation and the case law issued. In the second part the work deals with indebtedness of households and companies, the duration of insolvency proceedings, yield of insolvency proceedings. The third part provides a practical "how-to" for debtors. It guides the debtor who filed the insolvency petition through the insolvency proceedings. This pro-ceeding is initiated by filing in an insolvency petition. Such proposal can be filed by the debtor or creditor. In our case the insolvency petition was filed by the creditor. The dissertation furthermore deals with proceedings before the decision on the bankruptcy. This procedure is followed by proceedings after decisions on bankruptcy where the method of resolving insolvency is chosen. Bankruptcy proceedings end by resolution on the cancellation of bankruptcy. This is followed by closing the accounting books by insolvency administrator and a court resolution acquitting the function of the insolvency administrator.

(ENG) DISCHARGE OF A DEBTOR - ONE OF MODES OF INSOLVENCY SOLUTION This diploma thesis aims to provide a detailed overview of the discharge from debts in the insolvency proceedings. The debt relief was incorporated into the Czech legal system by the Insolvency act, No. 182, 2006 Coll, which entered into force on the January 1st 2008. The idea of debt discharge was led by an intention to provide highest possible and proportional satisfaction equally to all creditors and in the same time, to protect debtor's right to decent living conditions. In the case of successful debt discharge, the debtor is forgiven part of his debts, as long as he performs his good will during entire insolvency process. The debtor must not have any debts originated in his business activities, unless he specifically agrees on an exception with the creditor. This determinates a debt discharge to be used mainly by individual persons, not by companies. Also, the final creditors' satisfaction must reach at least 30 % of debtor's claims. We distinguish two forms of debt discharge. In the first case, which is called audition, all debtor's assets are sold out and received funds are used for creditors' satisfaction. In the second case, which uses agreed payment schedule, all debtor's income over the minimum base is regularly...

As it implies from the title, aim of this thesis is to compare Czech and German insolvency law and find out differences, also on the practical level. Motivation to choose these countries came from facts, that both countries are economically connected and German law is traditional source of Czech law. Another aim is to find out, if the law of our western neighbours can be inspiration also for future changes to relatively new insolvency law in Czech. Because the title of this thesis is rather general, it was necessary to specify the content of this thesis with choosing main points. These are discharge from debts, reorganisation and insolvency administrator seen as a profession. Aim of this thesis is not to cover the insolvency law complexly. Thesis is divided into eleven chapters. First chapter is introduction and clears aims of this thesis. Second and third chapter describes the introduction to German insolvency law, which fairly overlaps the introduction to Czech insolvency law. Selected differences are mentioned in fourth chapter. Chapters five to seven are containing the main themes of this thesis, and these chapters are divided into subchapters with German law, Czech law and subchapter with comparison. The chapter about discharge from debts is rather extensive, because the concept of this legal...

Thesis title: Insolvency of a managed person and the consequences for the corporate group This thesis deals with the bankruptcy of controlled affiliate and its legal consequences for operating of the whole corporate group in the Czech legal system. Firstly, it states the theoretical basis for the legal regulation of corporate groups and their basic elements - corporations. In relation to the regulation of corporate groups it points out the conflict between entity approach and enterprise approach, both addressing the corporate group differently with respect to corporate personality. It further provides a brief explanation on the nature of bankruptcy and defines it as an occasion where the ownership of the corporation does in fact fundamentally change. Secondly, it introduces some legal instruments of the company law and the law of the corporate groups governing both, the liability of controlling entity for its conduct in the management of the controlled affiliate and the duties of persons with certain functions or influence over the corporation in the so called twilight zone of insolvency. It is argued that the object of such provisions is to prevent the bankruptcy and to provide a remedy to creditors and shareholders in case of abuse of the corporate group structure by the controlling entity. This...

The Slovak insolvency law reform, which came into effect on 1 January 2006, introduced a brand new restructuring option for business debtors. In this thesis, we present the first complex empirical analysis of all restructuring attempts allowed in the period 2006-2010. Results, based on a large amount of data, which we gathered for this purpose, suggest that the restructuring option is much more viable than the composition option under the previous Bankrupcty and Composition Act. The system is characterized by very high success rates (in terms of plan confirmation) and speedy proceedings. The size of the debtor affects neither the prospects for success, nor the length of proceedings significantly. We conclude that, even though a lot of improvements still need to be done, the reform moved the Slovak insolvency law closer to the standards of the best-performing jurisdictions. JEL Classification D23, K12, K20 Keywords insolvency law, reform, restructuring, bankruptcy, restructuring plan, trustee Author's e-mail hrnciarpavel@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail tomas.richter@cliffordchance.com

The work attempts to determine the value of company Kordárna, a.s. due to ongoing insolvency process. In the theoretical part there are described the methodological tools that are used in the valuation. They describe internal and external potential of the company. These methods are applied to the company in the practical part. In addition to determining the value of the company there is also assessed advantage of the reorganization, which allows the new insolvency law. The work shows that the reorganization causes higher proportional satisfaction of creditors than in the case of bankruptcy.