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Characterized as rich mineral substances, low temperature, few bacteria, and stability with numerous implementation aspects on aquaculture, food, drinking, and leisure, the development of deep sea water (DSW) has become a governmental policy and a new industry. The eastern region in Taiwan owns outstanding pumping DSW conditions and a prosperity on its industry applications is expected if the development project goes well. However, a design on the inspection mechanism is critical to the industry development due to water's indifference characteristics. This study aims at inspection problems relevant with certification mechanism to construct an overall certification operation system. An investigation is designed to understand the current inspection system status while implementation for the use of lab function requirements, inspection operation, and product inspection process considerations. A management conceptual mechanism is also provided for DSW industry development in the future

With ever-increasing demands for high-speed data transmission and device capacity to handle various telecommunication data links, the high reliability of these transmission devices is expected for uninterrupted service. A typical optical communication system consists of transmitters in which laser diodes convert electrical signals into light signals, optical fibers with a few pumps transmitting and maintaining these light signals over long distances, and receivers in which photodiodes convert the light signals back into an electronic form. The efficiency of optoelectronic devices in a communication system, which include transmitters and receivers, plays the most important role in determining the quality and the bandwidth of a communication system. For transmitters, the efficiency is defined as the ratio of the light entering the optical fiber to the light generated by the laser diode. Therefore, the optical fiber should be aligned as precisely as possible with the laser diode to ensure the high efficiency. For high performance optoelectronic devices, box-type packages including the dual-in-line package (DIP) and butterfly package with fiber-solder-ferrule (FSF) are widely used. An optical fiber with a metallized end is soldered inside a ferrule tube to form the FSF. The FSF is joined on a u-channel mount in front of laser diode by laser welding. No matter where the fiber locates in the ferrule tube, the place for maximum coupling power can be dynamically measured and then the FSF is fixed. But, researches have shown that the redistribution of residual stress and the stress relaxation of creep phenomenon within the solder will push the fiber shift to the geometrical center of the ferrule and the shift reduces the coupling efficiency of laser module after temperature cycle testing. The efficiency is worse when the initial fiber eccentric offset increased. An optimum approach for reduction of the fiber alignment shift in laser module is to solder the fiber near to the center of the ferrule. A method for automating the FSF packaging process has been developed to fix the fiber within less than 20um of the center of the ferrule. This method makes use of CCD cameras as position sensors to locate the fiber, and compensates all the major sources of inaccuracy resulting from a typical CCD-based packaging system. The accuracy of the fiber position is highly improved from 80um by traditional packaging process to 20um shown in the experiments. Further work is underway to better the accuracy by compensating the minor sources of inaccuracy.

The US Navy spends around $75 million on maintenance and rework of corroded structures, especially in the ballast tanks of ships. The Navy will profit immensely with better surface coating and quality at source with real time inspection system. The approach taken to improve the coating is the use of optically active paint system. This kind of paint will fluoresce with an incident UV light. The fluorescence or glow can be used to detect holidays or defects on the surface. The inspection prototype developed uses a high end camera and intense UV light source. The paint and additive properties are characterized with the help of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV Vis) to study the behavior and to help formulate a theory. The holidays or missed spots in the painted surface will appear dark and non-fluorescing which is enhanced with the use of commercial filters.

Interaction of human-induced factors with natural hazards results in diverse uncertainties and risks among the built environment. Impacts of disaster events experienced in Turkey have revealed the vulnerability of the social, economic, and physical environments along with the various insufficiencies of awareness, legislation, practice and building inspection concepts. The shift towards risk-based disasters policy among the international agenda influences the national disaster policies and efforts. Parallel to this, it is expected from practicing architects to enhance their capacities through disaster risk-based professional training programs in order to develop disaster resilient built environments. Building Inspection System (BIS) is one of the important components of risk reduction approach which ensures the safety of built environment and occupants. The effective BIS has important gaps and deficiencies within the administrative, legal, and technical structures which results in failure of building production process in Turkey. Among the other problems, the main concern related to the ongoing BIS is its fragmented and missing risk-based understanding. The critical analysis indicates the deficient points of administrative and technical issues within the BIS conducted with the certification and professional training model which are not consistent with shifting comprehensive disasters policy and risk-based understanding in Turkey, and proposing a holistic and risk-based certification and training model for practicing architects in Turkey which focuses on disaster resilient built environment development through the comparison of some international best-practiced training model examples with Turkish context. The proposed professional training model has a three-step knowledge acquisition levels (awareness-detailed knowledge-advanced knowledge) which aims to approach to the architectural built environment problems, develop awareness, build-up knowledge and support practice through the holistic disaster risk reduction understanding, and in addition to attend on the complementary and supportive strategies (such as building and environment, building and material, structure and construction contexts) between related issues.

Petroleum products, which are required to keep the 'wheels' of industry and commerce turning, are distributed from the various refineries to their destinations throughout the country on a daily basis and the mode and extent of transportation or conveyance of these products is varied. This distribution activity predominantly takes place by means of road tanker, pipeline as well as rail tanker and quantities during transit could vary from a few hundred litres to many thousands of litres per trip. Road tanker transportation is considered to be the most vulnerable form of distribution means and this poses a high risk in terms of the potential for being involved in an accident. The risk potential associated with the road transportation of these fuels, from an environmental point of view, is aggravated due to: *The conveyance of bulk loads, *non-roadworthiness of many vehicles, *inconsistency in vehicle condition checking systems and in the application of *safety systems, *poor road conditions, *driver fatigue, *hi-jacking threats, *the level of incompetence or unsuitability of drivers, *the inconsistency in driver training programs, *the vulnerability of the tankers being subject to collision and accidents. The potential exists for road tankers involved in accidents to leak or spill large quantities of petroleum products which in turn could result in catastrophic environmental consequences (such as leaking large quantities of fuel into sewers, plantations, rivers and streams thus causing much ground and water pollution). Also, during an accident the fuel leaking from a road tanker may ignite causing it to burn for several hours before it is finally brought under control and extinguished. This may result in much air pollution as well as damage to the surrounding ecological systems. Subsequent explosions could further result in severe loss of life and associated fires which in turn could cause more environmental degradation and damage. For the purpose of this dissertation, focus was specifically placed on the introduction of internal company control measures that a "supplier” company (such as Natref (Pty) Ltd) could implement to check whether petroleum product distributors are complying with predetermined criteria aimed at reducing the potential for accidents involving road tankers. The measuring of how these controls have an effect in the bigger scheme of things in terms of reducing accidents and environmental degradation was very difficult to determine because it was not possible to extract from the distributors how many of their vehicles were actually involved in incidents during the study period. As a result it was not possible to determine whether the improved control measures had an effect on the number of accidents incurred by the vehicles that were effected by the improved application of the standards. The study thus focused primarily on the effect that the implementation of an inspection system could have in progressively reducing the number of defects found on road tankers wanting to gain access to Natrefs site as well as measuring whether an improvement in compliance to standards actually took place. This study was conducted over a period of 22 months and involved the development and implementation of a new procedure and training course, implementation of an inspection checklist, improved reporting methods as well as improved the overall environmental awareness of the employees involved in the checking and inspection process. It is however assumed that the implementation and ongoing enforcement of the company standards has assisted in contributing towards minimising the potential for pollution exposures arising from accidents and in so doing minimising environmental degradation to a larger or lesser extent. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Petroleum products, which are required to keep the 'wheels' of industry and commerce turning, are distributed from the various refineries to their destinations throughout the country on a daily basis and the mode and extent of transportation or conveyance of these products is varied. This distribution activity predominantly takes place by means of road tanker, pipeline as well as rail tanker and quantities during transit could vary from a few hundred litres to many thousands of litres per trip. Road tanker transportation is considered to be the most vulnerable form of distribution means and this poses a high risk in terms of the potential for being involved in an accident. The risk potential associated with the road transportation of these fuels, from an environmental point of view, is aggravated due to: *The conveyance of bulk loads, *non-roadworthiness of many vehicles, *inconsistency in vehicle condition checking systems and in the application of *safety systems, *poor road conditions, *driver fatigue, *hi-jacking threats, *the level of incompetence or unsuitability of drivers, *the inconsistency in driver training programs, *the vulnerability of the tankers being subject to collision and accidents. The potential exists for road tankers involved in accidents to leak or spill large quantities of petroleum products which in turn could result in catastrophic environmental consequences (such as leaking large quantities of fuel into sewers, plantations, rivers and streams thus causing much ground and water pollution). Also, during an accident the fuel leaking from a road tanker may ignite causing it to burn for several hours before it is finally brought under control and extinguished. This may result in much air pollution as well as damage to the surrounding ecological systems. Subsequent explosions could further result in severe loss of life and associated fires which in turn could cause more environmental degradation and damage. For the purpose of this dissertation, focus was specifically placed on the introduction of internal company control measures that a "supplier” company (such as Natref (Pty) Ltd) could implement to check whether petroleum product distributors are complying with predetermined criteria aimed at reducing the potential for accidents involving road tankers. The measuring of how these controls have an effect in the bigger scheme of things in terms of reducing accidents and environmental degradation was very difficult to determine because it was not possible to extract from the distributors how many of their vehicles were actually involved in incidents during the study period. As a result it was not possible to determine whether the improved control measures had an effect on the number of accidents incurred by the vehicles that were effected by the improved application of the standards. The study thus focused primarily on the effect that the implementation of an inspection system could have in progressively reducing the number of defects found on road tankers wanting to gain access to Natrefs site as well as measuring whether an improvement in compliance to standards actually took place. This study was conducted over a period of 22 months and involved the development and implementation of a new procedure and training course, implementation of an inspection checklist, improved reporting methods as well as improved the overall environmental awareness of the employees involved in the checking and inspection process. It is however assumed that the implementation and ongoing enforcement of the company standards has assisted in contributing towards minimising the potential for pollution exposures arising from accidents and in so doing minimising environmental degradation to a larger or lesser extent. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

A questão central de nosso estudo é compreender como são formadas as concepções de qualidade dos alimentos no âmbito dos mercados de proximidade, especificamente, nas feiras dos produtores. Esta pesquisa teve como referência uma mudança recente no setor agroalimentar, identificada principalmente entre países europeus de uma virada para a qualidade, o quality turn. Observamos um renascimento das feiras, seja por um fortalecimento da importância daquelas já existentes, ou pela criação de novas feiras na região da aglomeração urbana de Piracicaba. Analisamos dois estudos de caso de mercados de proximidade, identificando como estão organizadas e quais são valores que lhes são atribuídos. Com o mesmo intuito, analisamos as normas jurídicas que incidem sobre os dois casos, através do Sistema de Inspeção Municipal (SIM), no entendimento que estas regras também expressam acordos e concepções, os quais são socialmente construídos e disputados. Para tal utilizamos teorias como aquelas da criação do mercado auto-regulável, proposta por Polany (2012), do enraizamento dos mercados de Granovetter (2007) e dos movimentos de apropriacionismo e substitucionismo dos capitais industriais e financeiros, concebida por Goodman, Sorj e Wilkinson, (2008). A mobilização da teoria das convenções contribuiu sobremaneira para expressar as relações desse sistema, seus acordos e disputas através de suas convenções mobilizadas. Da mesma forma, o apoio nos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Storper (1997) e Stræt e Marsden (2006) foram essenciais para uma análise das convenções, em termos das qualidades dos alimentos. Os mercados de proximidade estudados, no caso as feiras de produtores de São Pedro e Rio Claro, representam sim espaços que permitem a construção de novas concepções em relação à qualidade dos alimentos. No caso de São Pedro, encontramos uma \'qualidade localizada\', onde a produção local, o conhecimento dos modos de fazer tradicionais, as receitas típicas e utilização de variedades nativas caracterizam a qualidade dos alimentos ofertados na feira. É uma qualidade com grande ancoragem em convenções domésticas e ecológicas, onde se misturam o cuidar da terra e aquele da família. Em Rio Claro, município com um perfil menos rural, ocorre um renascimento da produção local, tanto com produtores que sempre estiveram no setor quanto com \'novos agricultores\'. A qualidade encontrada ai é aquela de tipo \'especializada\', onde a diferenciação através da obtenção de selos de certificação estão se configurando como o caminho dessa feira. Assim, a qualidade do alimento processado é garantida pela especialização da produção e assegurada pelo SIM, implementado no município. Identificamos que o SIM, no caso específico dos estudos, não contemplam ou estimulam produções locais com qualidade diferenciada, reproduzindo sobremaneira convenções industriais levando a uma especialização das produções locais. / The central question of our study is to understand how the conceptions of food quality are formed, more specifically in the scope of the proximity markets, in the case, in the farmers market. This research had as a reference a recent change in the agrifood sector, identified mainly among European countries, the quality turn, which expresses an aesthetic criticism that opposes the standardization of consumption; an ecological principle that is designed against the impacts generated by the Green Revolution. Our research allowed us to observe a renaissance of the farmers markets, either by strengthening the importance of those already existing, or by creating new markets in the region of the urban agglomeration of Piracicaba. In this sense, we seek to analyze two case studies of proximity markets, identifying how they are organized and what values are attributed to them. With the same intention, we analyze the legal norms that affect both cases, through the Municipal Inspection System (MIS), in the understanding that these rules also express agreements and conceptions, which are socially constructed and disputed. We use theories such as the creation of the self-regulating market proposed by Polany (2012), the embbedeness of Granovetter\'s markets (2007) and the appropriationist and substitutionist movements of industrial and financial capitals, designed by Goodman, Sorj and Wilkinson , (2008). The mobilization of the theory of conventions has greatly contributed to express the relations of this system, its agreements and disputes through its mobilized conventions. Similarly, support in the works developed by Storper (1997) and Stræt and Marsden (2006) were essential for an analysis of conventions in terms of food qualities. The proximity markets studied, in this case the farmers markets of São Pedro and Rio Claro, represent spaces that allow the construction of new conceptions regarding the quality of food. In the case of São Pedro, we find a \'localized quality\', where local production, knowledge of \"traditional ways of making\", typical recipes and use of native varieties characterize the quality of the foods offered at the farmers market. It is a quality with great anchorage in domestic and ecological conventions, where the care of the land and that of the family are mixed. In Rio Claro, a municipality with a less rural profile, there is a revival of local production, both with producers who have always been in the sector and with \'new farmers\'. The quality found there is that of the \'specialized\' type, where the differentiation through the obtaining certification stamps are being configured as the way. Thus, the quality of processed food is guaranteed by the specialization of production and ensured by the MIS, implemented in the municipality. We have identified that MIS, in the specific case of the studies, do not contemplate or stimulate local productions with differentiated quality, reproducing a lot of industrial conventions leading to a specialization of local productions.

A questão central de nosso estudo é compreender como são formadas as concepções de qualidade dos alimentos no âmbito dos mercados de proximidade, especificamente, nas feiras dos produtores. Esta pesquisa teve como referência uma mudança recente no setor agroalimentar, identificada principalmente entre países europeus de uma virada para a qualidade, o quality turn. Observamos um renascimento das feiras, seja por um fortalecimento da importância daquelas já existentes, ou pela criação de novas feiras na região da aglomeração urbana de Piracicaba. Analisamos dois estudos de caso de mercados de proximidade, identificando como estão organizadas e quais são valores que lhes são atribuídos. Com o mesmo intuito, analisamos as normas jurídicas que incidem sobre os dois casos, através do Sistema de Inspeção Municipal (SIM), no entendimento que estas regras também expressam acordos e concepções, os quais são socialmente construídos e disputados. Para tal utilizamos teorias como aquelas da criação do mercado auto-regulável, proposta por Polany (2012), do enraizamento dos mercados de Granovetter (2007) e dos movimentos de apropriacionismo e substitucionismo dos capitais industriais e financeiros, concebida por Goodman, Sorj e Wilkinson, (2008). A mobilização da teoria das convenções contribuiu sobremaneira para expressar as relações desse sistema, seus acordos e disputas através de suas convenções mobilizadas. Da mesma forma, o apoio nos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Storper (1997) e Stræt e Marsden (2006) foram essenciais para uma análise das convenções, em termos das qualidades dos alimentos. Os mercados de proximidade estudados, no caso as feiras de produtores de São Pedro e Rio Claro, representam sim espaços que permitem a construção de novas concepções em relação à qualidade dos alimentos. No caso de São Pedro, encontramos uma \'qualidade localizada\', onde a produção local, o conhecimento dos modos de fazer tradicionais, as receitas típicas e utilização de variedades nativas caracterizam a qualidade dos alimentos ofertados na feira. É uma qualidade com grande ancoragem em convenções domésticas e ecológicas, onde se misturam o cuidar da terra e aquele da família. Em Rio Claro, município com um perfil menos rural, ocorre um renascimento da produção local, tanto com produtores que sempre estiveram no setor quanto com \'novos agricultores\'. A qualidade encontrada ai é aquela de tipo \'especializada\', onde a diferenciação através da obtenção de selos de certificação estão se configurando como o caminho dessa feira. Assim, a qualidade do alimento processado é garantida pela especialização da produção e assegurada pelo SIM, implementado no município. Identificamos que o SIM, no caso específico dos estudos, não contemplam ou estimulam produções locais com qualidade diferenciada, reproduzindo sobremaneira convenções industriais levando a uma especialização das produções locais. / The central question of our study is to understand how the conceptions of food quality are formed, more specifically in the scope of the proximity markets, in the case, in the farmers market. This research had as a reference a recent change in the agrifood sector, identified mainly among European countries, the quality turn, which expresses an aesthetic criticism that opposes the standardization of consumption; an ecological principle that is designed against the impacts generated by the Green Revolution. Our research allowed us to observe a renaissance of the farmers markets, either by strengthening the importance of those already existing, or by creating new markets in the region of the urban agglomeration of Piracicaba. In this sense, we seek to analyze two case studies of proximity markets, identifying how they are organized and what values are attributed to them. With the same intention, we analyze the legal norms that affect both cases, through the Municipal Inspection System (MIS), in the understanding that these rules also express agreements and conceptions, which are socially constructed and disputed. We use theories such as the creation of the self-regulating market proposed by Polany (2012), the embbedeness of Granovetter\'s markets (2007) and the appropriationist and substitutionist movements of industrial and financial capitals, designed by Goodman, Sorj and Wilkinson , (2008). The mobilization of the theory of conventions has greatly contributed to express the relations of this system, its agreements and disputes through its mobilized conventions. Similarly, support in the works developed by Storper (1997) and Stræt and Marsden (2006) were essential for an analysis of conventions in terms of food qualities. The proximity markets studied, in this case the farmers markets of São Pedro and Rio Claro, represent spaces that allow the construction of new conceptions regarding the quality of food. In the case of São Pedro, we find a \'localized quality\', where local production, knowledge of \"traditional ways of making\", typical recipes and use of native varieties characterize the quality of the foods offered at the farmers market. It is a quality with great anchorage in domestic and ecological conventions, where the care of the land and that of the family are mixed. In Rio Claro, a municipality with a less rural profile, there is a revival of local production, both with producers who have always been in the sector and with \'new farmers\'. The quality found there is that of the \'specialized\' type, where the differentiation through the obtaining certification stamps are being configured as the way. Thus, the quality of processed food is guaranteed by the specialization of production and ensured by the MIS, implemented in the municipality. We have identified that MIS, in the specific case of the studies, do not contemplate or stimulate local productions with differentiated quality, reproducing a lot of industrial conventions leading to a specialization of local productions.

Object inspection sensor is a device that is mainly used in the automation of the production process. The Diploma Thesis deals with the familiarization of optical inspection systems, survey and comparison of companies of these systems in the Czech Republic. ELLA-CS company and dafault state output control products in her workplace is presented in the Diploma Thesis. The next part concerns the design of the inspection system for the company ELLA-CS, which is designed on the platform Raspberry. The thesis also deals with the implementation of the inspection system, which describes the hardware and software of this system. The last part is intended to discuss the results and suggestions for improving the inspection.