The term &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / has different meanings and is open to many interpretations. This thesis aims to highlight and further elaborate some definitions of &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / in which it is mainly characterized as architecture in the urban context. The Second Volume of Harvard Architecture Review on &ldquo / Urban Architecture&rdquo / is referred as a main source in discussing the content of the term. The concept of &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / can be identified in several theoretical contributions to the field of architecture. In this context, the themes &ldquo / urban artifact&rdquo / developed by Aldo Rossi and &ldquo / urbatecture&rdquo / developed by Bruno Zevi, are discussed in relation to &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / . In order to further clarify the concept, its relation to the fields of urban design, urbanism, and landscape urbanism is investigated. While it is distinguished from these fields, &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / is defined as an alternative architectural design approach and not as a new field. As an approach to architectural design that operates in an expanded field including landscape design and urbanism, &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / points to some strategies that allow to integrate works of architecture into their urban settings. Following this conceptual elaboration, the thesis aims at exploring the design strategies that characterize urban architecture. In this context, strategies related with landscape, infrastructure, and urban field are identified. The strategies based on these themes and their tools of operation are discussed through three case studies that cover Olympic Sculpture Park for the Seattle Art Museum, Kunsthal, and Borneo and Sporenburg.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-09-12T13:40:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 8868545 bytes, checksum: 225b7493537273bf0f117f47c3629351 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-09-12T13:41:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 8868545 bytes, checksum: 225b7493537273bf0f117f47c3629351 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-09-12T13:41:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 8868545 bytes, checksum: 225b7493537273bf0f117f47c3629351 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-12T13:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 8868545 bytes, checksum: 225b7493537273bf0f117f47c3629351 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Cities are at the core of current environmental problems and, conversely, may host the solutions for them. They are the defining ecological phenomenon of the twenty-first century. Natural patterns and processes within cities might be a means toward an ecological regeneration of their bioregions through a symbiotic relationship between them. In this context, design has a great potential to reshape cities, transforming them for improved living conditions and balanced ecological systems. Considering buildings and landscapes as reciprocal entities within a system is a great opportunity for design innovation and increased performance with an active engagement between people and nature. By assuming the ecosystem services approach as a reference for highest ecological performance when multiple ecosystem services are provided within a system, this dissertation proposes an urban ecosystem services framework and the concept of service providing design for assessing architecture and landscape architecture. This framework is the basis to analyze three rating systems that are the most relevant standards for sustainable and regenerative design of architecture and landscape architecture, being the Living Building Challenge â , LEED â , and Sustainable SITES Initiative â . Furthermore, two architecture and landscape architecture certified and high-performance projects are analyzed. Based on the analysis, other ecosystem services beyond those proposed in the framework are identified, being renewable energy sources and active living. Some ecosystem services considered are not required by the rating systems, and not provided by the projects, being medicinal resources, pollination, and spiritual experience. Although required, food production is not provided in the projects studied due to a scale issue as they are located in densely occupied urban sites. Moreover, SITES is currently more related to ecosystem services than LEED, which suggests that the ecosystem services framework has a great potential as a tool to explore the relationship of building design criteria and natural systems and cycles. Although most ecosystem services are identified as provided by the two assessed projects, their performance suggests that they are not yet fully integrated to the natural ecosystem. This fact corroborates to the necessary next step for defining the Urban Ecosystem Services Framework in a quantitative approach with a hierarchical organization of the ecosystem services. Rigorously addressing the ecosystem services approach in LEED, SITES, and other rating systems will help integrate ecological regeneration processes in architecture, landscape architecture, and cities.

Aus der Einleitung: "Maschinenbauliche Systeme beruhen heute vielfach auf einem engen Zusammenwirken von Mechanik, Elektrotechnik/Elektronik, Regelungstechnik und Softwaretechnik. Über die Mechatronik hinausgehend werden sie eine inhärente Intelligenz aufweisen und damit Produktfunktionen ermöglichen, die bislang nur von biologischen Systemen bekannt sind. Begriffe wie Intelligente Objekte, Cyber-Physical Systems und Selbstoptimierung charakterisieren diese Perspektive (acatech 2009, 2011, Broy & Geisberg 2012, Adelt et al. 2009). Sie werden sich selbstständig und flexibel an wechselnde Betriebs- bzw. Umgebungsbedingungen anpassen können. Die Entwicklung derartiger Systeme kann nicht aus dem Blickwinkel einer Disziplin allein vorgenommen werden. Das gilt sowohl für mechatronische als auch für intelligente technische Systeme. Daher ist schon frühzeitig ein fachdisziplinübergreifendes Konzept zu erarbeiten, das den grundsätzlichen Aufbau und die Wirkungsweise des Systems beschreibt und die Grundlage für die etablierten Ansätze der Entwurfs- und Ausarbeitungsphase bildet, wie z.B. die VDI-Richtlinie 2221 (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 1993) oder das Y-Modell der Schaltungstechnik (Bleck et al. 1996)."

Aus der Einleitung: "Maschinenbauliche Systeme beruhen heute vielfach auf einem engen Zusammenwirken von Mechanik, Elektrotechnik/Elektronik, Regelungstechnik und Softwaretechnik. Über die Mechatronik hinausgehend werden sie eine inhärente Intelligenz aufweisen und damit Produktfunktionen ermöglichen, die bislang nur von biologischen Systemen bekannt sind. Begriffe wie Intelligente Objekte, Cyber-Physical Systems und Selbstoptimierung charakterisieren diese Perspektive (acatech 2009, 2011, Broy & Geisberg 2012, Adelt et al. 2009). Sie werden sich selbstständig und flexibel an wechselnde Betriebs- bzw. Umgebungsbedingungen anpassen können. Die Entwicklung derartiger Systeme kann nicht aus dem Blickwinkel einer Disziplin allein vorgenommen werden. Das gilt sowohl für mechatronische als auch für intelligente technische Systeme. Daher ist schon frühzeitig ein fachdisziplinübergreifendes Konzept zu erarbeiten, das den grundsätzlichen Aufbau und die Wirkungsweise des Systems beschreibt und die Grundlage für die etablierten Ansätze der Entwurfs- und Ausarbeitungsphase bildet, wie z.B. die VDI-Richtlinie 2221 (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 1993) oder das Y-Modell der Schaltungstechnik (Bleck et al. 1996)."