Esta pesquisa dedica-se a compreender a natureza da atividade conhecida, na indústria hoteleira, por auditoria noturna. É importante por esta atividade ainda não ter sido estudada adequadamente do ponto de vista conceitual e das práticas do mercado, embora seja tratada pela literatura didática e desenvolvida em hotéis. Com o objetivo de verificar o state of the art da auditoria noturna, foi adotada a estratégia de criar o conceito instrumental de hotel ‘complexo’, definido como dotado de porte e/ou categoria de prestação de serviços suficientes para justificar a existência de estruturas organizacionais intrincadas. A premissa subjacente é que o alto investimento absoluto ou relativo (por unidade habitacional) exige processos com maior eficiência e eficácia. A cidade de São Paulo foi escolhida para a pesquisa de campo graças ao seu significativo parque hoteleiro. A fim de estabelecer bases teóricas que pudessem subsidiar a investigação de campo, a auditoria noturna foi situada no contexto organizacional de um empreendimento hoteleiro; foram analisados a evolução e o conceito de auditoria interna; e caracterizados os sistemas de informação utilizados pela indústria hoteleira para a atividade, dada a relevância de sua configuração para condicionar processos operacionais e financeiros. Selecionados 41 hotéis complexos de São Paulo, 38 colaboraram com a fase exploratória da pesquisa, dedicada a caracterizar o perfil pessoal e organizacional de 82 funcionários responsáveis pela auditoria noturna. Dentre eles, 10 hotéis, que contavam formalmente com o cargo de auditor noturno, foram objeto de uma pesquisa descritiva, a fim de elencar suas tarefas e de obter suas percepções do software hoteleiro utilizado. Todos os hotéis complexos selecionados têm atividades de auditoria noturna, com o foco principal voltado ao exame diário de todas as contas correntes de recepção. Os responsáveis pela auditoria noturna desenvolvem tarefas operacionais, estão freqüentemente subordinados ao departamento auditado e desconsideram o ambiente de controle. Como resultado, este trabalho propõe que a auditoria noturna hoteleira não se enquadra no moderno entendimento do conceito de auditoria interna; é uma atividade de inspeção que supre a deficiência ou cumpre o papel de controles internos. A avaliação positiva realizada pelos auditores noturnos dos hotéis complexos da cidade de São Paulo a respeito dos sistemas de informação utilizados não invalida a constatação de que os principais softwares hoteleiros são falhos, oriundos da automatização de tarefas tradicionais, limitando a própria atividade de auditoria noturna. / This study is dedicated to the examination of an activity known in the hotel industry as the night audit. The importance of this research is reflected in the fact that the night audit is an activity that has been little studied from the conceptual and practical points of view, although it has been amply described in educational and industry literature. Given that the primary objective is to define the state of the art of the night audit, this paper initially establishes the contextual concept of the hotel property, as defined as hospitality operations that offer a size or category of service warranting the existence of complex organizational structure. The underlying assumption is that properties with expensive investments necessitate extensive processes to ensure greater efficiency or effectiveness. The city of São Paulo was chosen for field research as its hotel park is the largest in South America. With the objective to establish a theoretical base to support the field investigation, the night audit was placed in the organizational context of the hotel property; basic concepts, as well as, the evolution of the internal audit were analyzed; and the information systems used by the hospitality industry were described, given their relevance in conditioning operational and financial processes. Of the forty-one major hotel properties in São Paulo, thirty-eight collaborated in the exploratory phase of the project. In this phase, based on interviews with 82 night audit employees, the profile of the night auditor was established, as well as, his position and relationships within the organizational structure. Of all the subject properties, ten hotels have formally established the position of night auditor in their organizational structure. These employees were the subject of the second phase of the study in which the functions of the night auditor were quantified and described. They were also interviewed in depth as to their opinion on hospitality software. The results of the study demonstrate that all the subject properties have night auditing activities, but with a primary focus on the daily examination of all open accounts in the front office. The employees responsible for the night audit also execute operational activities and are frequently subordinated within the department that they audit, effectively eliminating any element of actual control. As a result, this study proposes that the night audit as practiced by the hospitality industry does not correspond to the modern concept of the internal audit; it is an activity of inspection and account verification, isolated to the front office, and in effect, compensates for process deficiencies or, at best, mimics internal controls. Even though the evaluations by the night auditors were for the most part positive, there are many aspects in which hospitality software is deficient, limiting its use in the auditing capacity.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en förståelse för hur Toyota Material Handling Sweden AB organiserar sitt arbete med internkontroll och styrning, samt vilka grundläggande förutsättningar som finns för att erhålla en god internkontroll.  Avgränsning: Denna studie är avgränsad till Toyota Material Handling Sweden AB och dess ekonomiavdelning. På grund av begreppets omfattning klargörs här att studien enbart kommer fokusera på den interna kontrollen och styrningen, det vill säga den kontroll företaget själva utför.   Metod: Denna studie präglas av en kvalitativ metod, en intern fallstudie för att nå djupare förståelse i studiens undersökta företag.  Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen i denna studie baseras på teorier och tidigare studier kring riskhantering, internkontroll, internkontrollens ramverk samt internrevision.  Empiri: I empirin sammanfattas primärdata bestående av en öppen intervju och två semistrukturerade intervjuer öga mot öga, varav en i kombination med en observation, samt sex intervjuer via mejl.  Slutsats: Toyota Material Handling Sweden AB har en väl utvecklad och ständigt närvarande internkontroll genom värderingar, rutiner och ramverket J-SOX. Företaget lägger stor vikt på att integrera alla individer i verksamheten för att nå målen. För att upprätthålla en god internkontroll utgör individerna en grundläggande förutsättning, tillsammans med utbildning, kompetens och uppföljning. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how Toyota Material Handling Sweden AB organizes their work in regards to internal control, as well as investigate what essential conditions that are necessary to receive good internal control.  Delimitation: This study is limited to the finance department of Toyota Material Handling Sweden AB. The scope of this study concerns internal control only, that is, the control that the company performs itself.  Method: This study is characterized by a qualitative method. An internal case study to gain a deeper understanding of the study's investigated company.  Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework in this study is based on theories and previous studies on risk management, internal control, internal control framework and internal auditing.  Empirics: The empirics summarizes primary data consisting of an open interview and two semi-structured interviews eye-to-eye, one of them in combination with an observation, and six interviews via email.  Conclusion: Toyota Material Handling Sweden AB has a well developed and constantly present internal control through values, routines and the J-SOX framework. The company highlights the importance of integrating all individuals into the business to achieve the goals. In order to maintain good internal control, individuals are an essential condition, together with education, competence and follow-up.

The ability to learn from catastrophe and the science of managing such events has plagued man for centuries. From its insurance origins, corporate risk management has developed into a fully fledged management function and is progressing into business areas that were originally considered unrelated. The evolution of risk management towards such a corporate approach recognises that risks are interrelated and that significant benefits may be achieved from evaluating and monitoring them on a company-wide basis. This study aims at providing the reader with information on the major risks facing the private healthcare administration organisation in South Africa as well as the suitable corporate risk management methodology that may be applied in effectively managing these threats and opportunities from an internal audit perspective. Pressing issues facing the private healthcare environment today include: • Dramatic increase in regulatory oversight within the private healthcare industry; • the need for more innovative actuarial and financial models to address countrywide epidemics such as HIV and AIDS; • increased prevalence of capitation contracts to ensure the financial stability of healthcare service providers; • increases in expected fraudulent activity; • increasing the scope of private healthcare to incorporate a larger share of the South African population; and • providing effective healthcare cover to members whilst facing significant medical inflation increases. The development and implementation of a consistent risk management methodology provides stakeholders with greater confidence that pressing issues, such as those listed above, are being optimally managed. This type of improved risk management consists of distinct phases. Key phases of the suggested methodology presented in this work are supported by results from an empirical study representing 27% of the registered medical schemes in South Africa. Based upon assessments of literature, current definitions for risk and corporate risk management are also presented. Also, the study will be approached from the perspective of the internal auditor, with suitable insights and suggestions made from this standpoint. The study concludes with the author’s evaluation of the current state of risk management for private healthcare administration organisations in South Africa and future predictions regarding this management field. / Thesis (DCom(Internal Auditing))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Auditing / unrestricted

This dissertation explains principle of external and internal audit, their relation and differences between them. It focuses on specifics of internal audit in banking. Working of internal audit department is described in the end of the dissertation on the example of factual financial institution.

Thesis is focused on comparison of two very successful professions - external and internal audit. It brings shortly view on both professions. It discusses especially review of standards, ethics rules, audit tasks and conditions for admission to profession. Primarily is thesis concentrated on conditions in Czech Republic and on ISA, because audit in Czech Republic starts abide by the International auditor's standards. Fractional part of thesis is even focused on USA standards.

This diploma work desribes relation between external and internal audit. The theoretical part includes definitions of audit, types and targets of audit and cooperation between external and internal auditors. The diploma work focuses also on processes of external and internal audit. The last chapter of theoretical part describes the Sarbanes Oxley Act. The practical part narrates the theoretical knowledge on real example. For this part I choose outsourcing company Accenture Services, s.r.o.

Financial analysis of Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy, a.s.

This diploma work deals with the manner in which the internal auditor should communicate the results of their engagement findings to other departments within the organization. This diploma work deals with to whom the internal auditor should disclose certain facts and how to choose the appropriate form of audit reports in order to give their addressees best possibility to point to these audit findings and create follow-up with an effective remedy for the irregularities found.

The thesis is focused on external and internal audit. It describes the principles, the common features and major differences. It also demonstrates their implementation in practice.

Diploma thesis is about modern approach to internal audit. This work covers theoretical knowledge and methodology of internal audit and includes a concept internal audit 2.0 by Ernst & Young. Practical part of this thesis includes application of internal audit on a small enterprise including a 2.0 approach. Goal of this thesis is implementation of methodology from internal audit including 2.0 by EY , and conclusions of internal audit in praxis.