El presente trabajo de investigación se realiza con la finalidad de evaluar la incidencia del control interno en el proceso de las cuentas por pagar en un contexto de proteger el activo disponible de la empresa Herramientas y accesorios SAC.La propuesta de llevar a cabo un adecuado sistema de control interno en las operaciones de cuentas por pagar contribuye eficazmente en cada una de las operaciones del efectivo y su acertada toma de decisiones. The present research work is carried out with the purpose of evaluating the incidence of internal control in the process of accounts payable in a context of protecting the available assets of the company Tools and accessories SAC.The proposal to carry out an adequate internal control system in the accounts payable operations contributes effectively in each one of the operations of the cash and its successful decision making.

In this thesis I focus on the audit of financial statements from the perspective of the auditor. The first part contains the definition of basic theoretical concepts in this area and a description of audit procedures. This knowledge is used in the practical part for audit verification of operations with fixed assets in a particular entity. According to the findings I draw conclusions and proposals for solutions of deficiencies.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso sobre as atividades da Contadoria e Auditoria-Geral do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE –como órgão de monitoramento da execução das políticas públicas. A CAGE é o órgão central do Sistema de Controle Interno do Estado do RS, e esse monitoramento configura-se em um dos mecanismos que permite ao Governador e seus Secretários controlarem a atuação da burocracia estadual. A Constituição Federal de 1988 ampliou significativamente as atribuições do controle interno, levando o órgão a desenvolver instrumentos para o acompanhamento da execução da política pública, bem como produzir informações para subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos estaduais. Com a pesquisa documental, mesmo com limitações, tendo em vista que os dados públicos disponíveis são muitos recentes, é possível observar que as avaliações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno sobre o desempenho da burocracia, baseadas em critérios técnicos e burocráticos, podem ser utilizadas pelos agentes políticos para alinhar a burocracia às políticas e aos programas definidos politicamente. Assim, o monitoramento realizado pela CAGE tem o potencial de funcionar como controle político, ou seja, o Governador pode utilizar as informações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno para controlar a sua burocracia e a de seu gabinete de governo. No entanto, essa utilização é circunstancial, não sistemática e dependente de forças políticas. A pressão por transparência por parte da opinião pública e a responsabilização foram algumas das contingências identificadas. Neste trabalho é possível analisar o controle interno enquanto um instrumento disponível e capaz de realizar o monitoramento de políticas públicas, mas não é possível avaliar o quanto a burocracia alterou o seu desempenho na implementação da política pública atendendo à determinação dos políticos. Se, por um lado, foi possível identificar que as atividades desenvolvidas pelo órgão burocrático de controle interno instrumentalizam o governante no controle político sobre a burocracia, por outro, é preciso aprofundar a pesquisa para identificar forças, além das já identificadas, que pudessem levar à utilização sistemática deste mecanismo. Apesar desse mecanismo existir, ele não está integrado a outros órgãos de monitoramento dentro do Estado, levando seu uso a ser contingente. Em uma futura pesquisa poderia se analisar o efeito do monitoramento realizado pela CAGE sobre as várias Secretarias, buscando identificar as respostas da burocracia ao controle político, o que permitiria uma avaliação do papel do controle interno na promoção da transparência e responsabilização governamental. / This research is a case study on the activities of the Accounting and General Auditing of the State of Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE – as a body for monitoring the execution of public policies. CAGE is the central body of the Internal Control System of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and such monitoring is configured in one of the mechanisms that allows the Governor and his Secretaries to control the performance of the State bureaucracy. The Federal Constitution of 1988 expanded significantly the tasks of the internal control, leading CAGE to develop tools for the monitoring of the implementation of public policy as well as producing information to support the decision-making process of state public managers. With the documentary research, even with limitations, considering that the public data available are very recent, it is observed that the evaluations produced by the internal control body on the performance of the bureaucracy, based on bureaucratic and technical criteria, can be used by political agents, such as the Governor and his Secretaries to align the bureaucracy to policies and politically defined programmes. Thus, the monitoring carried out by CAGE has the potential to function as political control, that is, the Governor can use the information produced by the internal control agency to manage his paperwork and his cabinet. However, such use is circumstantial, not systematic and dependent on political forces. The pressure for public transparency and accountability were some of the contingencies identified. In this work it was possible to analyse the internal control as an instrument available and capable of performing the monitoring of public policies, but it has not been possible to assess how the bureaucracy has changed its performance in implementing public policy given the politicians commands. If on one hand, it was possible to identify that the activities developed by the bureaucratic organ of internal control provides tools to the Governor in political control over the bureaucracy, it is necessary to deepen the research to identify strengths, beyond those already identified, which could lead to the systematic use of this mechanism. Although such mechanism exists it is not integrated with other monitoring bodies within the State leading its use be contingent. A further research could analyze the effect of monitoring conducted by CAGE on the various Secretariats, seeking to identify the answers of the bureaucracy to political control which would allow an assessment of the role of internal control in promoting transparency and government accountability.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the Forensic Accounting, which is related to the accounting fraud. Literature review is a chapter devoted to the characteristics of accounting fraud, damage caused by fraudulent behavior and punishment. There is also an information from global economic fraud surveys performed by top consulting company. In this diploma work is a chapter about internal control system, with prerequisites for its functioning and used tools. The last part of literature review is about method of forensic accounting. These methods are used in the practical part a tested on financial statements, processed according to Czech accounting standards, of chosen company. Then in the practical part is an evaluation of internal control system, which is described in detail. Another part is dedicated to the accounting crime committed in the chosen company. Even though that accounting crime was committed, current state of internal control system of chosen company is very good. The analysis which was retroactively done indicates a possible risk of accounting fraud just in this period. These forensic methods were applied also for another years and it has been shown that accounting gives a true and fair view.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso sobre as atividades da Contadoria e Auditoria-Geral do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE –como órgão de monitoramento da execução das políticas públicas. A CAGE é o órgão central do Sistema de Controle Interno do Estado do RS, e esse monitoramento configura-se em um dos mecanismos que permite ao Governador e seus Secretários controlarem a atuação da burocracia estadual. A Constituição Federal de 1988 ampliou significativamente as atribuições do controle interno, levando o órgão a desenvolver instrumentos para o acompanhamento da execução da política pública, bem como produzir informações para subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos estaduais. Com a pesquisa documental, mesmo com limitações, tendo em vista que os dados públicos disponíveis são muitos recentes, é possível observar que as avaliações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno sobre o desempenho da burocracia, baseadas em critérios técnicos e burocráticos, podem ser utilizadas pelos agentes políticos para alinhar a burocracia às políticas e aos programas definidos politicamente. Assim, o monitoramento realizado pela CAGE tem o potencial de funcionar como controle político, ou seja, o Governador pode utilizar as informações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno para controlar a sua burocracia e a de seu gabinete de governo. No entanto, essa utilização é circunstancial, não sistemática e dependente de forças políticas. A pressão por transparência por parte da opinião pública e a responsabilização foram algumas das contingências identificadas. Neste trabalho é possível analisar o controle interno enquanto um instrumento disponível e capaz de realizar o monitoramento de políticas públicas, mas não é possível avaliar o quanto a burocracia alterou o seu desempenho na implementação da política pública atendendo à determinação dos políticos. Se, por um lado, foi possível identificar que as atividades desenvolvidas pelo órgão burocrático de controle interno instrumentalizam o governante no controle político sobre a burocracia, por outro, é preciso aprofundar a pesquisa para identificar forças, além das já identificadas, que pudessem levar à utilização sistemática deste mecanismo. Apesar desse mecanismo existir, ele não está integrado a outros órgãos de monitoramento dentro do Estado, levando seu uso a ser contingente. Em uma futura pesquisa poderia se analisar o efeito do monitoramento realizado pela CAGE sobre as várias Secretarias, buscando identificar as respostas da burocracia ao controle político, o que permitiria uma avaliação do papel do controle interno na promoção da transparência e responsabilização governamental. / This research is a case study on the activities of the Accounting and General Auditing of the State of Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE – as a body for monitoring the execution of public policies. CAGE is the central body of the Internal Control System of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and such monitoring is configured in one of the mechanisms that allows the Governor and his Secretaries to control the performance of the State bureaucracy. The Federal Constitution of 1988 expanded significantly the tasks of the internal control, leading CAGE to develop tools for the monitoring of the implementation of public policy as well as producing information to support the decision-making process of state public managers. With the documentary research, even with limitations, considering that the public data available are very recent, it is observed that the evaluations produced by the internal control body on the performance of the bureaucracy, based on bureaucratic and technical criteria, can be used by political agents, such as the Governor and his Secretaries to align the bureaucracy to policies and politically defined programmes. Thus, the monitoring carried out by CAGE has the potential to function as political control, that is, the Governor can use the information produced by the internal control agency to manage his paperwork and his cabinet. However, such use is circumstantial, not systematic and dependent on political forces. The pressure for public transparency and accountability were some of the contingencies identified. In this work it was possible to analyse the internal control as an instrument available and capable of performing the monitoring of public policies, but it has not been possible to assess how the bureaucracy has changed its performance in implementing public policy given the politicians commands. If on one hand, it was possible to identify that the activities developed by the bureaucratic organ of internal control provides tools to the Governor in political control over the bureaucracy, it is necessary to deepen the research to identify strengths, beyond those already identified, which could lead to the systematic use of this mechanism. Although such mechanism exists it is not integrated with other monitoring bodies within the State leading its use be contingent. A further research could analyze the effect of monitoring conducted by CAGE on the various Secretariats, seeking to identify the answers of the bureaucracy to political control which would allow an assessment of the role of internal control in promoting transparency and government accountability.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso sobre as atividades da Contadoria e Auditoria-Geral do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE –como órgão de monitoramento da execução das políticas públicas. A CAGE é o órgão central do Sistema de Controle Interno do Estado do RS, e esse monitoramento configura-se em um dos mecanismos que permite ao Governador e seus Secretários controlarem a atuação da burocracia estadual. A Constituição Federal de 1988 ampliou significativamente as atribuições do controle interno, levando o órgão a desenvolver instrumentos para o acompanhamento da execução da política pública, bem como produzir informações para subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos estaduais. Com a pesquisa documental, mesmo com limitações, tendo em vista que os dados públicos disponíveis são muitos recentes, é possível observar que as avaliações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno sobre o desempenho da burocracia, baseadas em critérios técnicos e burocráticos, podem ser utilizadas pelos agentes políticos para alinhar a burocracia às políticas e aos programas definidos politicamente. Assim, o monitoramento realizado pela CAGE tem o potencial de funcionar como controle político, ou seja, o Governador pode utilizar as informações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno para controlar a sua burocracia e a de seu gabinete de governo. No entanto, essa utilização é circunstancial, não sistemática e dependente de forças políticas. A pressão por transparência por parte da opinião pública e a responsabilização foram algumas das contingências identificadas. Neste trabalho é possível analisar o controle interno enquanto um instrumento disponível e capaz de realizar o monitoramento de políticas públicas, mas não é possível avaliar o quanto a burocracia alterou o seu desempenho na implementação da política pública atendendo à determinação dos políticos. Se, por um lado, foi possível identificar que as atividades desenvolvidas pelo órgão burocrático de controle interno instrumentalizam o governante no controle político sobre a burocracia, por outro, é preciso aprofundar a pesquisa para identificar forças, além das já identificadas, que pudessem levar à utilização sistemática deste mecanismo. Apesar desse mecanismo existir, ele não está integrado a outros órgãos de monitoramento dentro do Estado, levando seu uso a ser contingente. Em uma futura pesquisa poderia se analisar o efeito do monitoramento realizado pela CAGE sobre as várias Secretarias, buscando identificar as respostas da burocracia ao controle político, o que permitiria uma avaliação do papel do controle interno na promoção da transparência e responsabilização governamental. / This research is a case study on the activities of the Accounting and General Auditing of the State of Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE – as a body for monitoring the execution of public policies. CAGE is the central body of the Internal Control System of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and such monitoring is configured in one of the mechanisms that allows the Governor and his Secretaries to control the performance of the State bureaucracy. The Federal Constitution of 1988 expanded significantly the tasks of the internal control, leading CAGE to develop tools for the monitoring of the implementation of public policy as well as producing information to support the decision-making process of state public managers. With the documentary research, even with limitations, considering that the public data available are very recent, it is observed that the evaluations produced by the internal control body on the performance of the bureaucracy, based on bureaucratic and technical criteria, can be used by political agents, such as the Governor and his Secretaries to align the bureaucracy to policies and politically defined programmes. Thus, the monitoring carried out by CAGE has the potential to function as political control, that is, the Governor can use the information produced by the internal control agency to manage his paperwork and his cabinet. However, such use is circumstantial, not systematic and dependent on political forces. The pressure for public transparency and accountability were some of the contingencies identified. In this work it was possible to analyse the internal control as an instrument available and capable of performing the monitoring of public policies, but it has not been possible to assess how the bureaucracy has changed its performance in implementing public policy given the politicians commands. If on one hand, it was possible to identify that the activities developed by the bureaucratic organ of internal control provides tools to the Governor in political control over the bureaucracy, it is necessary to deepen the research to identify strengths, beyond those already identified, which could lead to the systematic use of this mechanism. Although such mechanism exists it is not integrated with other monitoring bodies within the State leading its use be contingent. A further research could analyze the effect of monitoring conducted by CAGE on the various Secretariats, seeking to identify the answers of the bureaucracy to political control which would allow an assessment of the role of internal control in promoting transparency and government accountability.

This dissertation explains principle of external and internal audit, their relation and differences between them. It focuses on specifics of internal audit in banking. Working of internal audit department is described in the end of the dissertation on the example of factual financial institution.

Dissertation focuse on the internal control system in the enterprises, aims to map the control system by focusing on the purchasing department. I focused on the purchasing process, because with an increasing trends of outsourcing services and the increasing interconnectedness of enterprises increases the risk of fraud currently in the purchasing process. To the research was selected the sample of companies from the banking and non-banking environment, to which were sent a questionnaire focusing on the functionality of the Internal control system in the organization. Banking institutions were chosen mainly because of the strict supervision of the Czech National Bank and the obligations of regular reportin activities are outsourced to supervisory authority, ie the Czech National Bank. Internal control system concept is difficult to define clearly. The main reason is that, in the literature often do not coincide defining the definition of internal control system, and no clear definition of tools, processes and procedures. In Czech Republic is the definition of Internal control system also mentioned in the legislation, and it needs to be understood in very general terms. Schiffer (2009) describes in general terms the Internal control system as a set of operational, financial, personnel, accounting and other controls that are created by management to correct efficient management, compliance with internal rules, asset protection and the most accurate and precise accounting practices in society. Dvoracek (2003) writes that the Internal control system is to be viewed as the sum of interrelated tools, policies, procedures and control mechanisms. In the Czech Republic, for example, contains a definition of the Internal control system Act no. 320/2001 Coll., On financial control in public administration and amending certain laws (Financial Control Act), as amended. Internal control system to be defined as a properly configured system, it must be a grouping of related components and parts, which are gathered into a meaningful whole. Among the elements and parts must be some connection, which is precisely defined.

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional propone un "Sistema de Control Interno basado en el Modelo COSO I para la gestión de procesos de la empresa fiduciaria Modelo”, como una herramienta que permita mejorar los procesos de la empresa y así poder alcanzar una alta eficiencia a fin de incrementar la rentabilidad brindando un valor agregado en los servicios personalizados. La importancia de implementar dicho sistema consiste en prevenir acontecimientos que entorpezca el logro de los objetivos, así como velar por el cumplimiento de las normas aplicables. El modelo propuesto se basa en la necesidad de que los miembros de la organización comprendan la trascendencia del control interno y la incidencia del mismo sobre los resultados de la gestión. Se analizaron los cinco pilares del Modelo COSO I, los cuales se componen de la siguiente manera: (1) Ambiente de control, (2) Evaluación del riesgo, (3) Actividades de control, (4) Información y comunicación, (5) Supervisión y monitoreo. En las visitas realizadas, se utilizaron herramientas de investigación tales como entrevistas y Focus Group tomados a los integrantes de cada área donde se encontraron deficiencias relevantes. Por ello, se plantea como objetivo, confirmar si la implementación de un Sistema de Control Interno incide en la gestión de procesos de la empresa fiduciaria Modelo. Al concluir la investigación, se determinará si la aplicación de la metodología de la investigación fue aplicada correctamente para llevar a cabo la contrastación de las hipótesis y llegar a las conclusiones y recomendaciones del caso. / The present work of professional sufficiency proposes an "internal control system based on the COSO Model I for process management of the Model fiduciary company" as a tool that you allow to improve the processes performed of the company and this way achieved a high efficiency with the purpose of increase the profitability offering a value-added in the personalized services. The importance of implementing this system is to prevent events that hinder the achievement of the objectives as well as ensure for compliance of the applicable rules. The model is based on the necessity that the members of the organization understand the importance of internal control and the impact on the results of management. We analysis the five pillars of COSO Model I which are composed as follows: (1) Control environment, (2) Risk assessment, (3) Control activities, (4) Information and communication, (5) Supervision and monitoring. In visits, we used research tools such us interviews and Focus Group performed to the members of each area where we found relevant deficiencies. Therefore, propose as objective if the implementation of an Internal Control System affects the process management of the Model fiduciary company. To conclude the research, it will determine if the application of the research methodology was applied successfully to carry out the testing of hypotheses and get conclusions and recommendations. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Tyrimo objektas – vidaus auditas įmonėse. Tikslas – išanalizavus įmonių vidaus audito teorinius ir praktinius ypatumus, nustatyti problemas, bei pasiūlyti jų sprendimo būdus ir tobulinimo kryptis. Darbo uždaviniai. Nustatytam tikslui pasiekti, sprendžiami tokie uždaviniai: • išnagrinėti vidaus audito sampratą ir nustatyti jos kitimą; • išnagrinėti vidaus audito tikslus bei uždavinius; • išanalizuoti vidaus audito etapų nuoseklumą ir naudotinas audito procedūras; • Kauno įmonėse atlikti empirinį tyrimą, siekiant nustatyti vidaus audito praktines problemas, bei išsiaiškinti vidaus audito atlikimo etapus bei procedūras; • pateikti problemų sprendimo būdus ir pasiūlymus vidaus audito procesui tobulinti. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės ir ekonominės literatūros analizė ir sintezė, loginė analizė, palyginimas, anketinė apklausa, grafinis vaizdavimas. Išanalizavus vidaus audito teoriją, bei atlikus praktinį tyrimą, nustatytos ir išanalizuotos šios srities problemos, bei pateikti jų sprendimo būdai ir pasiūlymai vidaus audito procesui tobulinti. / Research object is internal audit in company. Research aim is to analyze theoretical and practical internal audit peculiarity, to identify the problems and offer the solutions and development ways of internal audit. Objectives. To achieve the aim we have to solve these objectives: • To analyze the conception of internal audit and its variation. • To research inter audit aims and objectives; • To analyze internal audit stages consistency and useful procedures; • To make empirical research in companies of Kaunas, in purpose to determine practical problems and to clear internal audit stages and procedures in the companies; • To identify decisional ways of defined problems and give the improvement proposals for internal audit process. The methods of the research: scientific and normative literature analyzes, logical analyzes, syntheses, comparison, questionnaire survey, graphical representation. After analyzing internal audit theory, and making practical research, it was defined and analyzed internal audit problems, and given decisional ways of defined problems and improvement proposals for internal audit process.