The sino-Indian conflict of 1962

Factor in British foregin policy 1945-1961

Soviet-Chinese relations, 1964-1991

Indian-Indonesian

Development in the soviet union

Soviet policy

Contemporary Egypt, Iran and Saudi Arabia

The west asian crisis of 1967

In recent years, the golf industries in Taiwan have been facing the difficulties that they have ever met, while they were adopting the OEM model (original equipment manufacturing). Because the advantages of lower labor costs and raw material were taken by China and other countries, the industries have to consider the OBM model (original brand manufacturing) and international marketing. The research was conducted with the experts¡¦ interviews and case studies in Taiwan. Through the understanding of the golf industries in Taiwan and the interviews, we concluded seven propositions of the suggestions to marketing in USA for the Taiwanese golf industries.

This study examines the relationship between a firm??s degree of multinationality and its managers?? earnings forecasts. Firms with a high degree of multinationality are subject to greater uncertainty regarding earnings forecasts due to the additional risk resulting from the more complex multinational environment. Prior research demonstrates that firms that fail to meet or beat market expectations experience disproportionate market losses at earnings announcement dates. The complexities and greater uncertainty resulting from higher levels of multinationality are expected to be negatively associated with management earnings forecast precision, accuracy, and bias (downward versus upward). Results of the study are mixed. Regarding forecast precision, two measures of multinationality (foreign sales / total sales and the number of geographic segments) are significantly negatively related to management earnings forecast precision. This was the expected relationship. Regarding forecast accuracy, contrary to expectations, forecast accuracy is positively related to multinationality, with regard to the number of geographic segments a firm discloses. Regarding forecast bias, unexpectedly, two measures of multinationality (foreign sales / total sales and number of countries withforeign subsidiaries) are significantly positively related to more optimistic management earnings forecasts.