In 1981, the United States Supreme Court delivered a landmark ruling in Upjohn Co. v. United States. The decision made clear that the protections afforded by the attorneyclient privilege apply to internal corporate investigations. This piece examines the fundamental tenets of Upjohn, discusses some recent challenges to the applicability of privilege to materials gathered during internal investigations, and considers the manner in which the international nature of modern internal investigations adds complexity and uncertainty to the field.

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Information from business emails is often very important for investigating breaches of rules or for court proceedings. However, strict legal requirements apply to the analysis and inspection of emails. The following overview sets out these requirements and describes the risks resulting from failure to comply with them, while focusing primarily on more recent court rulings. The article also shows how employers can effectively mitigate or avoid legal risks when monitoring emails. One of the main focuses of the overview is on recommended actions to take in practice and a checklist for preparing for and implementing access to business email accounts.

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It gives us great pleasure to introduce you to our second edition of the Compliance Elliance Journal (CEJ).

Under the heading of “Compliance in Science” we want to tackle an issue on our own behalf. Since its first edition, CEJ has been published as an open-access journal.

The scientific field of compliance is in a constant state of movement, gaining in complexity and widening its areas of application. We have taken this edition of CEJ as an occasion to pick up the threads of previous issues, to deepen the discussion and to take the thoughts a step further.

New technologies not only present new opportunities but also new legal challenges. However, it could be expected that the use of robotics and AI will steadily increase over the next few years. Liability considerations are therefore urgently required.

Within this short essay, we provide an overview of the development of “big data” and its possible influence on medical practice. In particular, we explore the underlying technology and demonstrate with practical examples how big data will sooner or later lead to the dissolution of economic consulting and treatment monopoly of classical medicine.