M.A. / The purpose of this study was to add, through the lens of social and crosscultural psychology, to the much needed body of knowledge of African intimate relationships. Western romantic relationships are generally characterised by intense attraction and emotional attachment, idealisation of the other, sexual attraction and the want for total acceptance by the other. African love is less well known but seemingly tied up in culture bound collectivism as well as other social phenomenon. The study set out to explore the applicability of the lovestyle model in a Black South African population. The study explored various theories of love which have been developed within the Western canon. These include 1) evolution and love, 2) social exchange theory, 3) attachment theory, 4) love stories and 5) Lee’s lovestyles. Special emphasis was given to Lee’s colours of love theory which consists of a typology of lovestyles namely eros (passionate love), ludus (game-playing love), storge (friendship love), mania (obsessive love), pragma (practical love) and agape (altruistic love). In addition African love was examined from various perspectives including 1) culture; 2) individualism and collectivism; 3) the African collectivistic society; 4) acculturation and; 5) African love. This study’s main focus was on 1) the validity and reliability of the LAS instrument when applied to an African population, 2) the lovestyles of this group as mediated by their Africanness and 3) the possible gender differences. The lovestyles typology was found to be factorially valid for a Black South African population. A key and surprising finding was that individuals high in Africanness were significantly more likely to endorse eros as their dominant lovestyle than individuals low in Africanness. The study found that African men were significantly more agapic than African women and that African women were significantly more erotic and manic than African men. Males who were high in Africanness showed a significant association with eros andpragma in that the more Africanness a male had, the higher the endorsement of eros or pragma was expected to be.

M.Phil. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

D.Ed. (Psychology of Education) / The purpose of the research was to develop, implement and evaluate a psycho· educational programme to prevent young adults to withdraw from their community. The assumption was made that withdrawal from interpersonal relationships has a detrimental effect on the mental health and well-being of young adults. Isolation has a very destructive effect on young adults. The results of the data collection especially elicit the result of a sometimes not well· thought through decision to isolate oneself from relationships ...

Living in complex social environments consists not only of sets of individuals with their own dyadic relationships but also whose own dyadic relationships with other group members must be observed and inferred from. Credibility enhancing displays may provide one effective tool for dealing with complex social environments by extracting and integrating adaptive information from an immense range of potential social partners. Organized religious beliefs typical of routine rituals and standardized religious ideologies may serve as one type of credibility cue. The aim of this study was to assess how others judge adult's expressing a religious, spiritual, or natural explanation on traits associated with Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Intelligence. Results from the study revealed that religious explanations were more affective than spiritual explanations at influencing perceptions of Positive-Affect and Negative Affect for those high and low in religious beliefs. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Hui Ka Ying Victoria. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-50). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / List of Tables --- p.v / Lists of Figures --- p.vi / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / A Theoretical Model for Maintaining Relationships --- p.1 / Cultural Differences in Relationship Repair --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- METHOD --- p.15 / Participants --- p.15 / Procedure --- p.15 / Measures --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- RESULTS --- p.19 / Data Analyses --- p.19 / Testing the Measurement Model --- p.19 / Reliabilities and Correlations --- p.19 / Testing the Structural Model --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- DISCUSSION --- p.35 / Cultural General Model regarding the Dynamics of Change in Relationship Quality / following Harm --- p.35 / Further Studies --- p.37 / Implications --- p.39 / References --- p.41 / Appendix A --- p.51 / Footnotes --- p.53

Li, Ning. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-89). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.v / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Background --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Trust --- p.6 / Trust --- p.6 / Trust Repair --- p.8 / Perspectives of Trust Repair Research --- p.10 / Trust Repair Effectiveness --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Commitment --- p.15 / Commitment --- p.15 / Continuance Commitment and Side Bet Theory --- p.17 / Consequences of Continuance Commitment --- p.23 / Sub-dimensions of Continuance Commitment --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- Hypothesis --- p.28 / Chapter 4 --- Study 1 --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1 --- Experiment Design --- p.34 / Basic Game Settings --- p.34 / Specific Game Settings in Study 1 --- p.37 / Computer Interface --- p.37 / Procedure --- p.38 / Figure 1 Experiment Procedure of Study 1 --- p.40 / Trust Building --- p.40 / Trust Violation --- p.42 / Trust Repair --- p.42 / Trust Measurement --- p.43 / Investment Manipulation --- p.43 / Alternative Manipulation --- p.44 / Manipulation Check --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.45 / Manipulation Check --- p.45 / Repeated Measures Analysis --- p.46 / Hypothesis Testing --- p.48 / Figure 2 Overall Pass Behavior in Study 1 (Estimated Marginal Means) --- p.48 / Chapter 5 --- Study 2 --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1 --- Methodology --- p.53 / Game Settings --- p.54 / Investment Manipulation --- p.54 / Alternative Manipulation --- p.55 / Procedure --- p.56 / Figure 3 Experiment Procedure of Study 2 --- p.56 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.57 / Manipulation Check --- p.57 / Hypothesis Testing --- p.59 / Figure 4 Overall Pass Behavior (Estimated Marginal Means) in Study 2 --- p.60 / Figure 5 Pass Behavior (Estimated of Means) by Investment Conditions --- p.65 / Figure 6 Pass Behavior (Estimated of Means) by Alternative Conditions --- p.66 / Chapter 6 --- Discussion --- p.70 / Reference --- p.77 / Appendix A: Manipulation Check Items --- p.90 / Study 1 --- p.90 / Study 2 --- p.91 / Appendix B: Screen Capture of Experiment --- p.92

Validity of the orthogonal dimensions underlying the Interpersonal Check List (ICL) and the octant constellations assumed to be their measure was investigated by inferential design. Experimental conditions consisted of 4 role-played videotapes produced so that the interpersonal behavior of the main character would illustrate the 4 poles of the ICL’s 2 bipolar dimensions -- Dominance-Submission and Love-Hostility. So were 200 students enrolled in 8 beginning-psychology summer classes. Each class viewed, via closed-circuit TV, only 1 of the 4 videotapes; then members were asked to describe the main character viewed, by using an ICL form IV. Protocols were scored by a computer package of the author's writing. Resulting profiles from classes seeing the same tape were pooled to form 4 treatment groups corresponding to the 4 poles of the ICL then statistically compared by means of a multivariate analogue to analysis of variance. Hypotheses concerning octant constellation comparisons were tested by the Tukey (b) procedure. Results support the assumption that 2 bipolar dimensions underly the ICL and that original formulations of LaForge and Suczek concerning the interpersonal variables taken to be their measure are correct. Results can be taken only as an indirect validation of summary scores Dom and Lov. Differences between these findings and previous published findings were noted and discussed.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the characteristics of long-term lesbian relationships (operationally defined as five or more years) and to compare these characteristics with prior findings on short-term or term non-specific lesbian relationships. Several studies that have been done made assumptions about the nature of lesbian relationships based on data gathered from women in brief relationships (Caldwell and Peplau 1984; Elise 1986; Gordon 1980; Krestan and Bepko 1980). This study was designed to examine whether or not lesbians in long-term relationships might have different interpersonal relational dynamics, just as married heterosexual couples have been shown to have relationships differing from heterosexual cohabitating couples. A questionnaire was developed by taking questions directly from prior studies on lesbian relationships in order to allow for direct comparisons. The specific areas investigated were power and equality, merger, feminist impact, structural supports and sexuality. The study used a non-random sample. The fifty-three couples who participated were gathered from announcements made at local and national lesbian events. The data were analyzed through tabular and correlational procedures. Many of the findings in this study were similar to those of earlier research. The respondents were just as likely as those in prior studies to be feminists, to value both autonomy and relatedness, to be sexually satisfied, and to have similar attitudes about women's issues. Feminism, and its focus on independence and non-monogamy, does not seem to have affected these women's abilities to maintain a long-term relationship. But the differences are also important to note. Prior studies had indicated that having equality with their partner was essential for lesbians within their relationships, and couples in this study were much more likely than those in prior studies to say that they had an equal balance of power. They were also more committed. They were more willing to move for their partner, buy a home or car with their partner, and much more likely to believe that they would still be together five years later. They were more likely to have made large joint financial commitments together and to have pooled finances. This information is important for lesbians who value long-term commitments, for therapists who may be assisting lesbian clientele with their relational dynamics, and for researchers examining lesbian relationships.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the Interpersonal Process Recall training program in developing counseling skills with U.S. Army squad leaders. A secondary purpose was to examine applicability of Interpersonal Process Recall training with subjects having little or no prior counseling skills training.A review of paraprofessional and nonprofessional literature indicated the effectiveness of lay persons, in various mental health settings. The use of videotape technology has indicated several advantages for its use in training programs; however no significant differences were reported between audio and video techniques on trainee response criteria. The increased use of simulation methods in counselor training programs was reported from the literature. Related theoretical positions were discussed including the concepts of Rogers, Bruner, Bandura, and Kagan. Research relative to the efficacy of the IPR method indicated its validity as a training model for a variety of populations.The study was conducted at the Twelfth Engineer Battalion, United States Army, at Dexheim, Germany. The Population consisted of forty squad leaders and was randomly divided into treatment and control groups. A posttest-only control group design was used in this study. The treatment consisted of 21 hours of IPR training extended over a three-week period of time. At the conclusion of the training each subject in the treatment and control groups conducted a 45 minute taped interview with a volunteer client followed by the client completing a Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. The tapes were rated by three doctoral students who achieved high levels of interrater reliability on the Counselor Verbal Response Scale.The Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventories were then scored in order to determine the clients' perception of the quality of the counseling relationship that had been established. The means of the client scores were analyzed by using a one-way ANOVA test for significant difference. No significance was found when the means of the treatment and control groups were compared. The audio tapes were rated on the four dichotomized dimensions of the Counselor Verbal Response Scale (CVRS) by using a seven minute segment from the middle of each audio tape. The means of the raters judging the treatment and control groups were treated by using the one-way analysis of variance. Significance at the .05 level was found on the affective verbal response dimension. No significance was found on exploratory, listening, or honest labeling dimensions.Eight of the nine hypotheses failed to show a significant difference between treatment and control groups relative to the subjects' levels of regard, empathic understanding, congruence, and unconditionality, on the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory; and the subjects' exploratory, listening, and honest labeling responses on the Counselor Verbal Response Scale. Conclusions based on the findings indicated that hypothesis eight relative to subjects' affective responses was the only hypothesis to show significance. Caution should be applied in the interpretation of this finding since further analysis of the data for the affective dimension indicated that one treatment group score made the difference that resulted in significance. The lack of significance for the hypotheses presented little evidence from this study to support the use of IPR training with this population. Subjective questionnaires from the treatment subjects indicated positive reactions toward the IPR training experience. The subjects' supervisors and subordinates were asked to report their observations of the subjects' interpersonal behavior for the five week period following the training. Results indicated approximately an equal number of positive and negative observations which showed little or no observable change in the subjects.The results of the study pointed out the need for further research relative to the usefulness of IPR training with specific military populations. The limitations of the study included: (1) the population studied was specific in its characteristics which limited generalization of the results; (2) there was an absence of comparable research with this population; (3) the instructors had limited experience conducting IPR training sessions prior to the study; (4) the training period of 21 hours was too brief especially within a military setting where military priorities resulted in subject absenteeism; (5) the small N of 16 used in the study restricted the generalization of results; and (6) the lack of random assignment of volunteer clients could have contributed to the results on the dependent measures. Future research of this nature should consider comparing other training programs with the IPR model.3

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 30, 2009). Advisor: Manfred van Dulmen. Keywords: extracurricular activity participation; adolescent antisocial behavior; deviant peer affiliation; perceived friendship closeness. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-45).