Introduction: Work motivation (intrinsic & extrinsic) and employee engagement is the hot issues for today’s management. Employee’s motivation has been in discussion for years, different compensation plans and strategies were adopted over years to make employees more productive. Recently, the introduction of employee engagement as a new construct to business, management, and human resource management fields make it an imperative to adopt in organizational settings. Many studies made indirect link between work motivation (intrinsic & extrinsic) and employee engagement. Moreover, motivational factors (intrinsic & extrinsic) are often considered a useful tool for employee engagement. But very few studies investigated the direct relationship between work motivation (intrinsic & extrinsic) and employee engagement. Purpose: This study explored the relationship between work motivation (Intrinsic & Extrinsic) and employee engagement. Moreover, the study also examined the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee engagement.   Methodology: In order to fulfill the research purpose, quantitative study was adopted. Questionnaires were designed using Google survey tool. 187 questionnaires were collected from employees of Allied Bank of Pakistan. Later on, SPSS was used to perform the required test of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, bivariate correlation, ANOVA test and multiple regression analysis.   Findings: The results of SPSS revealed strong agreement of respondents to positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement, and extrinsic motivation and employee engagement. Four intrinsic factors namely interesting work, job appreciation, satisfaction and stress, and four extrinsic factors namely job security, good wages, promotion & growth and recognition were considered important by respondents for engagement.   Conclusion: From the findings it is concluded that there is positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement, and extrinsic motivation and employee engagement. Furthermore, it is also accomplished that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation has strong positive impact on employee engagement. From the results it is also concluded that the relationship and impact of extrinsic motivation was stronger on employee engagement as compared to intrinsic motivation.      The study will enrich the current literature of work motivation and employee engagement. On practical level this study will not only help practitioners and consultants but also bank management will also be equipped with useful information regarding work motivation and employee engagement in organizational settings.

The effect of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the molecular conformation of five industrial polyacrylamide-based flocculants was investigated by determining intrinsic viscosities on dilute flocculant solutions. The Fedors equation was found to be most suitable for all flocculants for determining the intrinsic viscosity. The results indicated that the flocculants are fully extended in distilled water at natural pH and at 25°C as evidenced by the high intrinsic viscosities. The data pointed to the strong dependence of the intrinsic viscosity on the presence of salts as a result of the shielding of negatively charged carboxylate groups by the counterions. At a constant ionic strength of 0.01M NaCl, the flocculants assumed a coiled conformation, and further coiling was observed in the presence of small quantities of calcium chloride. CaC1₂ (0.001 mo1/L) There was a decrease in intrinsic viscosities at high pH (~8.5 and 10.5) that was merely attributed to an increase in ionic strength with the increase in concentration of Na⁺ at high pH. Intrinsic viscosity measurements at higher temperatures (35°C and 50°C) showed a small effect of temperature on the conformation of the flocculants. Higher temperature, however, seemed to accelerate the aging of the flocculant solutions. The degrees of anionicity of the flocculants were found to be in the range 1.5% to 50%, as determined through chemical analysis. It was established that determination of total organic carbon content and sodium assays is an accurate way of obtaining the degrees of anionicity of industrial flocculants. The solution stability of the flocculants in distilled water and in 0.01M NaCl was investigated over a period of three days. The reduced viscosities of the anionic flocculant in distilled water steadily decreased. The decrease was more dramatic at high temperature (50°C) than at room temperature, but no viscosity loss was observed in the presence of NaCl. The viscosity of the nonionic flocculant was stable in both distilled water and NaCl. The viscosity loss with time in the case of the anionic flocculant can be correlated with the hydrolysis of the weakly acidic carboxylate (C00⁻) groups to release OH⁻ ions and simultaneous association into uncharged carboxylic (C00H) groups that promote coiling of polyacrylamide. This effect is therefore very similar to the earlier-mentioned effect of sodium chloride.

No description available.

Flow state refers to an optimal psychological experience and is associated with a number of experiential qualities one of which is complete absorption in the task at hand. Self-determination theory provides a framework for examining the relation between different types of motivation and flow because it distinguishes among different forms of motivation based on the degree that they can be considered self-determined. Although flow has been studied among athletes and, to a lesser degree, exercisers, no studies have focused on the flow experiences of yoga practitioners. Yoga, which originated in India, has been gaining popularity in the United States. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the flow experiences and motivational perspectives of ashtanga yoga practitioners. Five specific aims were addressed. A sample of 127 ashtanga yoga practitioners were recruited from six yoga studios in various locations across the United States. Participants completed a series of questionnaires related to flow experiences, motivational orientation, yoga practice characteristics, and sociodemographic information. The majority of the participants of the study were women, highly educated, and approximately 40 years old. The participants demonstrated a strong commitment to yoga practicing on average 4 times per week for over 1.5 hours. The majority had more than 2.5 years of ashtanga yoga experience. They reported strong intrinsic and selfdetermined extrinsic motivation to practice ashtanga yoga. They reported experiencing flow during ashtanga yoga practice and at least moderately endorsed all nine dimensions of flow state. Higher scores on the EMS subscales of intrinsic motivation (IM) to accomplish things and IM to experience sensation were predictive of higher flow state for the practitioners. The respondents yoga flow scores were significantly higher than the flow scores associated with a comparison other physical activity participated in currently or in the past. Finally, age (inversely) and years of ashtanga yoga experience were predictive of flow experiences for this group of yoga practitioners. For those interested in the study of motivation, these findings contribute to the understanding of the relation between flow and motivation and how enjoyment may be manifested within the context of physical activity.

The government uses a range of mechanisms to mitigate market failure in the provision of health care in the United Kingdom. Explicit financial incentives are increasingly used within the UK. However, there is some evidence that providing explicit incentives may not have the desired effect on the supply of healthcare as healthcare professionals are intrinsically motivated. This thesis reviews the literature defining and measuring intrinsic motivation in economics. It then presents a developed theoretical model of work motivation among healthcare providers which informs the empirical analysis. This thesis estimates four empirical applications to test the theoretical model of intrinsic motivation. Two applications use the British Quarterly Labour Force Survey data to examine: 1) differences in the motivation structure of employees in caring public sector from employees in other employment sectors, 2) the impact of income and employment sector on intrinsic motivation, and 3) the reason for the high levels of intrinsic motivation for employees in the caring public sector. The other two empirical works explore how the changes of financial incentives under Quality and Outcomes Framework have affected Scottish General Practitioners’ intrinsic motivation. The findings of this thesis have important policy implications. Mainly, they suggest that policy makers should be careful when using financial incentives to motivate healthcare professionals, as the unintended impact on intrinsic motivation may undermine the effectiveness of the policy.

Individuals have different implicit theories. They may hold an incremental theory and believe traits are malleable or an entity theory and believe traits are fixed. In past research implicit theories have been linked to achievement goals. The present study extends this research by investigating the relationship between implicit theories and personal goals. An experimental design was used to examine if priming individuals with a specific implicit theory impacts their goal prioritization. It was expected that individuals primed with an entity theory would place greater importance on intrinsic goals while individuals primed with an incremental theory would place greater importance on extrinsic goals. It was found that female participants rated the importance of financial success higher in the Entity condition compared to the Incremental condition and rated the importance of community feeling higher in the Incremental condition compared to the Entity condition. No significant differences were found with male participants. / Graduate

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The effect of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the molecular conformation of five industrial polyacrylamide-based flocculants was investigated by determining intrinsic viscosities on dilute flocculant solutions. The Fedors equation was found to be most suitable for all flocculants for determining the intrinsic viscosity. The results indicated that the flocculants are fully extended in distilled water at natural pH and at 25°C as evidenced by the high intrinsic viscosities. The data pointed to the strong dependence of the intrinsic viscosity on the presence of salts as a result of the shielding of negatively charged carboxylate groups by the counterions. At a constant ionic strength of 0.01M NaCl, the flocculants assumed a coiled conformation, and further coiling was observed in the presence of small quantities of calcium chloride. CaC1₂ (0.001 mo1/L) There was a decrease in intrinsic viscosities at high pH (~8.5 and 10.5) that was merely attributed to an increase in ionic strength with the increase in concentration of Na⁺ at high pH. Intrinsic viscosity measurements at higher temperatures (35°C and 50°C) showed a small effect of temperature on the conformation of the flocculants. Higher temperature, however, seemed to accelerate the aging of the flocculant solutions. The degrees of anionicity of the flocculants were found to be in the range 1.5% to 50%, as determined through chemical analysis. It was established that determination of total organic carbon content and sodium assays is an accurate way of obtaining the degrees of anionicity of industrial flocculants. The solution stability of the flocculants in distilled water and in 0.01M NaCl was investigated over a period of three days. The reduced viscosities of the anionic flocculant in distilled water steadily decreased. The decrease was more dramatic at high temperature (50°C) than at room temperature, but no viscosity loss was observed in the presence of NaCl. The viscosity of the nonionic flocculant was stable in both distilled water and NaCl. The viscosity loss with time in the case of the anionic flocculant can be correlated with the hydrolysis of the weakly acidic carboxylate (C00⁻) groups to release OH⁻ ions and simultaneous association into uncharged carboxylic (C00H) groups that promote coiling of polyacrylamide. This effect is therefore very similar to the earlier-mentioned effect of sodium chloride.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1990. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [187]-196).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 4, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.