A comparative study is done on the Mini Drift Chamber (MDC) and the Scintillating Electromagnetic Calorimeter (SEC), two main components of the WASA detector. The purpose of the study is to determine the most effective way to calculate the mass of the η−meson by determining the invariant mass of the final products in the η → e+e− decay. When calculating the invariant mass of the lepton pair the distribution from the MDC had a standard deviation of σMDC = (4.212 ± 0.080) · 10−2 GeV/c2 and from the SEC σSEC = (3.563±0.011)·10−2 GeV/c2. To get a precise measurement, events with a lepton scattering at a polar angle below 30◦ have to be rejected, and to achieve highest precision, it is favorable to use the SEC for momenta above 0.28 GeV/c and the MDC below, respectively. In this study, a combined method is developed which results in an invariant mass resolution of σMix = (3.341±0.012)·10−2 GeV/c2. Thus, the combined method gives a small improvement compared to using the SEC alone, but a considerable improvement compared to using only the MDC.

Afin d'étudier les limites d'existence de la chaîne isotopique des azotes, une expérience a été menée au RIBF-RIKEN en utilisant le spectromètre SAMURAI couplé au détecteur de neutrons NEBULA. Les systèmes étudiés - 23N*, 24N et 25N ont été produits via des réactions de knockout de quelques nucléons ou de fragmentation à partir de faisceau secondaires de haute énergie (~250 MeV/nucléon). La méthode utilisée pour caractériser ces systèmes est celle de la masse invariante qui nécessite la cinématique complète des réactions étudiées. Pour interpréter les résultats, une simulation de la totalité du dispositif expérimental a été utilisée. L'étalonnage des détecteurs et les techniques d'analyse ont été testés en sondant l'état fondamental connu du 16B. Dans le cas du 23N, une étude de spectroscopie gamma en vol a permis de confirmer qu'il ne possédait pas d'état excité lié. Nous avons pu le sonder à travers 3 voies de réactions distinctes : Le knockout d'un proton du 24O, la fragmentation à partir du 27Ne et la diffusion inélastique. Dans tous les cas, nous avons observé une résonance l=0 à environ 3,5 MeV d'énergie d'excitation. Cette résonance a été interprétée, en s'appuyant sur des calculs de modèle en couche, comme le premier état excité du 23N de spin parité Jpi=3/2-. Dans l'ensemble des voies une seconde résonance possédant une énergie d'excitation d'environ 5 MeV était nécessaire pour décrire les spectres en énergie-relative fragment-neutron mesurés.Le 24N a été observé pour la première fois lors de notre expérience comme une résonance autour de 1,3 MeV au dessus du seuil d'émission neutron. Nous avons pu sonder ce système via 4 réactions, le knockout de deux ou trois protons respectivement du 26F et du 27Ne et des réactions de fragmentation à partir du 27F et du 28Ne. L'ensemble de ces spectres peut être ajusté à l'aide d'une résonance l=2. Des considérations théoriques simples nous suggèrent que cette dernière correspond au doublet 2-,1- prédit comme l'état fondamental du 24N par le modèle en couche.Le 25N a également été observé pour la première fois lors de notre expérience. Malgré une statistique relativement limitée, les spectres des réactions de knockout de deux et trois protons du 27F et 28Ne, montrent une structure claire environ 1,7 MeV au dessus du seuil d'émission de deux neutrons qui peut être identifiée comme l'état fondamental 1/2- prédit par le modèle en couche. / To study the most neutron-rich nitrogen isotopes an experiment has been undertaken at the RIBF-RIKEN using the SAMURAI spectrometer and NEBULA neutron array. The nuclei of interest - 23N*, 24N and 25N - were produced via nucleon knockout and fragmentation reactions from high-energy (~250 MeV/nucleon) secondary beams. The technique of invariant-mass spectroscopy, which requires the measurement in complete kinematics of the beam-like reaction products, was employed to characterise these unbound systems. In the case of the 23N, in-flight gamma-ray spectroscopy was performed and it has been possible to confirm that it has no bound excited states. Three reaction channels - the knockout of a proton from 24O, the fragmentation of 27Ne and inelastic scattering – were employed to search for unbound excited states. In all these channels, an l=0 resonance was observed at around 3.5 MeV excitation energy. This resonance is interpreted, through comparison with shell model calculations, as the Jpi=3/2- first excited state of 23N. In all channels, another resonance with an excitation energy of close to 5 MeV was necessary to fully describe the fragment-neutron relative energy spectra. The nucleus 24N was observed here for the first time as resonance-like peak some 1.3 MeV above the one-neutron decay threshold. Four reaction channels were investigated: the knockout of two and three protons from 26F and 27Ne, respectively, and fragmentation of 27F and 28Ne. All the relative energy spectra were consistent with the population of an l=2 resonance. Simple considerations suggest that this is the 2-,1- ground-state doublet predicted by the shell model. The nucleus 25N was also observed here for the first time. Despite the relatively limited statistics, both two-proton and three-proton removal from 27F and 28Ne, exhibited a clear structure some 1.7 MeV above the two-neutron decay threshold which, based on simple considerations, may be identified with the expected 1/2- ground state.

Coloured final states are ubiquitous at hadron colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Therefore understanding high energy perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at these experiments is essential not only as a test of the Standard Model, but also because these processes form the dominant background to many searches for new physics. One such `standard candle' is the production of a dilepton pair in association with dijets. Here we present a new description of this final state (through the production of a Z⁰ boson and γ*). This calculation adds to the fixed-order accuracy the dominant logarithms in the limit of large partonic centre-of-mass energy to all orders in the strong coupling αs. This is achieved within the framework of High Energy Jets. This calculation is made possible by extending the high energy treatment to take into account the multiple t-channel exchanges arising from Z⁰ and gamma* -emissions off several quark lines. The correct description of the interference effects from the various t-channel exchanges requires an extension of the subtraction terms in the all-order calculation. We describe this construction and compare the resulting predictions to a number of recent analyses of LHC data. The description of a wide range of observables is good, and, as expected, stands out from other approaches in particular in the regions of large dijet invariant mass and large dijet rapidity spans. In addition we also present the application of the High Energy Jets framework to two new experimental scenarios. Firstly, we show a comparison of High Energy Jets matched to the ARIADNE parton shower to an ATLAS study of gap activity in dijet events. We see that our description agrees well with the data throughout and in many distributions gives the best theoretical description. This shows the extra logarithmic corrections are essential to describe data already in LHC Run I. Secondly, we present a study of Z⁰/γ* plus dijets at 100 TeV. We compare the behaviour of the high energy logarithmic enhancements to the QCD perturbative series at 7 TeV and 100 Tev and see that at any high energy hadronic Future Circular Collider (FCC) the effects described by our resummation become significantly more important.